Resultados de investigación

(A) Distribution of baseline input current mean for excitatory L2/3 classes (ANOVA: F = 162.8, p = 1.5 × 10−70, n = 12689; dVf vs hVf: t = 15.72, p = 1.5 × 10−54, n = 6311; dVf vs unc: t = 4.18, p = 2.9 × 10−5, n = 9326; hVf vs unc: t = 13.6, p = 2.8 × 10−41, n = 9741, Welch’s t test). (B) Distribution of baseline input current standard deviation (SD) for excitatory L2/3 classes (ANOVA: F = 14.96, p = 3.2 × 10−7, n = 12689; dVf vs hVf: t = 5.24, p = 1.7 × 10−7, n = 6311; dVf vs unc: t = 3.58, p = 3.5 × 10−4, n = 9326; hVf vs unc: t = 2.72, p = 0.0065, n = 9741, Welch’s t-test). Red triangles indicate the class mean., Peer reviewed

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The PDF file includes: Supplementary Text: Figs. S1 to S21, Tables S1 to S25, Legends for datasets S1 to S4, References.-- Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following: Datasets S1 to S4., The PDF file includes: Supplementary Text: Figs. S1 to S21, Tables S1 to S25, Legends for datasets S1 to S4, References.-- Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following: Datasets S1 to S4., Peer reviewed

Table S1: A summary of the hybridized nanogenerators: Materials, Structure, and Performance.-- References., Peer reviewed

(A) The density distribution of the distance to the center of the column, which we refer to as radius, (left), and the depth within the layer (right) is depicted for dVf, hVf, and unclassified neurons. (B) Ripley’s K divided by the layer 2/3 area as a function of the search radius t. The colors of the curves and dots represent the results for dVf (turquoise), hVf (orange), and unclassified (gray) neurons. The black points represent the outcome of a random null model of 10,000 neurons averaged over 100 realizations. Also, the excitatory L2/3 classes are represented in the V1 cylinder., Peer reviewed

Effective synaptic weight for various neuron types: (A) L1 and L2/3 inhibitory Htr3a neurons; (B) L2/3 and L4 inhibitory Sst neurons; and (C) excitatory L5 and L6 neurons. The bars represent the effective weight 500ms before (orange) and 500ms after (purple) the onset of visual flow., Peer reviewed

Total synaptic weight of several presynaptic populations for: (A) L2/3 and L4 inhibitory Parvalbumin neurons; (B) L2/3 unclassified and excitatory L4 neurons; and (C) excitatory L5 and L6 neurons., Peer reviewed

1 tabla excel. - The data correspond to the year of study, nest number, average nest temperature, hatching success, and identity of the female leatherback turtle., The current climate warming is a challenge to biodiversity that could surpass the adaptation capacity of some species. Hence, understanding the means by which populations undergo an increase in their thermal tolerance is critical to assess how they could adapt to climate warming. Specifically, sea turtle populations could respond to increasing temperatures by (1) colonizing new nesting areas, (2) nesting during cooler times of the year and/or (3) by increasing their thermal tolerance. Differences in thermal tolerance of clutches laid by different females would indicate that populations have the potential to adapt by natural selection. Here we used exhaustive information on nest temperatures and hatching success of leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) clutches over 14 years to assess the occurrence of individual variability in thermal tolerance among females. We found an effect of temperature, year and the interaction between female identity and nest temperature on hatching success, indicating that clutches laid by different females exhibited different levels of vulnerability to high temperatures. If thermal tolerance is a heritable trait, individuals with higher thermal tolerances could have greater chances of passing their genes to following generations, increasing their frequency in the population. However, the high rate of failure of clutches at temperatures above 32 °C suggests that leatherback turtles are already experiencing extreme heat stress. A proper understanding of mechanisms of adaptation in populations to counteract changes in climate could greatly contribute to future conservation of endangered populations in a rapidly changing world., Peer reviewed

Figure S1. M711 chimeric construction.-- Figure S2. Optical density decrease at 550 nm with different antimicrobial proteins at 250 nM (A), 125 nM (B), 62.5 nM (C), or 31.25 nM (D).-- Figure S3. M711 distribution between pellet and supernatant fractions after centrifugation, as assessed on 12.5 % SDS-PAGE for PHA NPs stabilized with different surfactants., Figure S1. M711 chimeric construction. A) Schematic representation of the architecture of M711. The functional domains are indicated in green for the PHA affinity tag (MinP); in orange for the catalytic lysozyme domain; and in purple for the choline-binding repeats (CBR) or cell wall binding domain. B) Amino acid sequence of M711. Each functional domain is highlighted in the same color as in the upper panel. Underlined sequences indicate the sequences obtained by N-terminal sequencing. Figure S2. Optical density decrease at 550 nm with different antimicrobial proteins at 250 nM (A), 125 nM (B), 62.5 nM (C), or 31.25 nM (D). Black circles indicate a negative control of untreated resting cells; dark grey squares indicate cultures treated with Cpl-711; light grey triangles indicate a control of SDS-treated Cpl-711 (Cpl-711d); and green triangles indicate M711 treated cultures. Figure S3. M711 distribution between pellet and supernatant fractions after centrifugation, as assessed on 12.5 % SDS-PAGE for PHA NPs stabilized with different surfactants. Lane 1: Molecular weight markers; lanes 2,4,6,8: pellet fractions after centrifugation containing the NPs (immobilized fraction); lanes 3,5,7,9: supernatant fractions of the NPs after centrifugation (unbound fraction). Surfactants on the NPs are indicated. BSA stands for bovine serum albumin., Figure S1. M711 chimeric construction.-- Figure S2. Optical density decrease at 550 nm with different antimicrobial proteins at 250 nM (A), 125 nM (B), 62.5 nM (C), or 31.25 nM (D).-- Figure S3. M711 distribution between pellet and supernatant fractions after centrifugation, as assessed on 12.5 % SDS-PAGE for PHA NPs stabilized with different surfactants., Peer reviewed