BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Tít. en portugués: Conhecimento, crenças e atitudes de estudantes universitários em relação à doação de órgãos: Um estudo qualitativo, [ES] Tanto los trasplantes como los alotrasplantes compuestos vascularizados, al depender de donaciones, obedecen a factores psicosociales que conociéndolos permiten tomar actitudes educa-cionales acordes. Objetivo: explorar los conocimientos, creencias y actitudes de estudiantes de enfermería e informática respecto a la donación y trasplante de órganos y alotrasplantes compuestos vascularizados. Material y métodos: estudio exploratorio desde una aproximación cualitativa. Entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 estudiantes de enfermería e informática. Resultados: tres categorías: conocimientos, mostrando desinformación; creencias como que no hay nada después de morir, que la donación es altruista y que sus profesiones ayudan a concienciar; y actitudes como que suelen hablar de la muerte de forma abierta, pero no de donación. Discusión: los universitarios están concienciados, pero no están bien informados, encontrando evidencias como que la religión o donar sangre o médula no influyen para ser donante de órganos y conocer receptores o alguien con alguna desfiguración y hablar de la muerte sí influye. Conclusiones: existen creencias que favorecen la do-nación de órganos y tejido compuesto vascularizado en los universitarios, pero también una desinformación importante y una falta de diálogo sobre hacerse donante que perjudica dicha donación y la función educadora en este aspecto a nivel profesional., [EN] Both vascularized composite transplants and allogeneic transplants, as they depend on donations, are due to psychosocial factors that, knowing them, allow us to take appropriate educa-tional attitudes. Objective: to explore the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of nursing and computer science students regarding the donation and transplantation of organs and vascularized compound allogeneic transplants. Material and methods: exploratory research with qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with 10 nursing and computer science students. Results: three catego-ries: knowledge, showing disinformation; beliefs such as that there is nothing after death, that do-nation is altruistic and that their professions help raise awareness; and attitudes such as that they tend to talk about death openly, but not about donation. Discussion: university students are aware, but they are not well informed, finding evidence such as that religion or donating blood or marrow does not influence to be an organ donor and knowing recipients or someone with some disfigure-ment and talking about death does influence. Conclusions: there are beliefs that favor the donation of organs and vascularized composite tissue in university students, but also a significant misinfor-mation and a lack of dialogue about becoming a donor that damages said donation and the educa-tional role in this regard at a professional level., [PT] Tanto os transplantes como os alotransplantes compostos vascularizados, por depende-rem de doações, devem-se a fatores psicossociais que, conhecendo-os, nos permitem tomar atitudes educativas adequadas. Objetivo: explorar os conhecimentos, crenças e atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem e computação em relação à doação e transplante de órgãos e aos alotransplantes compostos vascularizados. Material e métodos: Estudo exploratório a partir de uma exploração qualitativa. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 estudantes de enfermagem e informática. Resultados: três categorias: conhecimento, mostrando desinformação; crenças como que não há nada depois da morte, que a doação é altruísta e que suas profissões ajudam a aumentar a consciência; e atitudes tais como falar sobre a morte abertamente, mas não sobre doação. Discussão: os universitários estão cientes, mas não estão bem informados, encontrando evidências como a religião ou a doação de sangue ou medula óssea não influenciam ser um doador de órgãos, mas conhecer os destinatários ou alguém com uma desfiguração e falar sobre a morte, sim. Conclusões: existem crenças que favo-recem a doação de órgãos e tecidos compostos vascularizados em universitários, porém há também uma desinformação significativa e uma falta de diálogo sobre como tornar-se doador, o que é prejudicial para esta doação e à educação sobre este assunto como futuros profissionais., SI

Tít. en portugués: Felicidade, [ES] El propósito de esta editorial es reflexionar, en forma de micro-relato, sobre los espacios donde buscamos la felicidad en nuestra cultura sumergida en la era digital., [EN] The purpose of this editorial is to reflect, as micro-story, on the spaces where we seek happiness in our culture immersed in the digital age., [PT] O objetivo deste editorial é refletir, sob a forma de uma micro-história, sobre os espaços onde procuramos a felicidade na nossa cultura imersa na era digital., SI

[EN] During the COVID-19 pandemic, gender inequalities in nurses have been exacerbated through the images shown on social networks. This study aimed to explore and describe nursing students’ experiences and perceptions about gender inequalities in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative study was carried out in two universities in 264 undergraduate nursing students. The photovoice method was used to guide the study. Results: Two main categories and four subcategories were described from the data: “gender-related stereotypes”, with “male leadership in a female profession” and “sexualization of female nurses” and “women’s vulnerability in the pandemic” with “the gender gap in the face of increased risk of contagion “ and “women’s emotional fragility”. Over the years, care has been considered a female task, and nursing continues to be thought of in this way. The nurse has been discriminated against, poorly considered as a professional, and, as a woman, subjected to gender roles., SI

[ES] FUNDAMENTOS // El folleto del Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer de Mama (PDPCM) es una importante herramienta de difusión de ese programa. Conocer la percepción de las mujeres sobre ese material informativo es relevante para entender mejor su actitud hacia el PDPCM. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar las reacciones de las mujeres respecto al folleto del PDPCM. MÉTODOS // Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo en mujeres de entre cuarenta y sesenta años en Asturias (España). Se realizaron veintiséis entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres de diferentes perfiles socioeconómicos en 2018. Se realizó un análisis de contenido para identificar inductivamente las categorías emergentes. RESULTADOS // La lectura del folleto despertó emociones positivas como tranquilidad, bienestar o gratitud, pero también miedo o inquietud. Las mujeres expresaron diversas creencias sobre el CM (enfermedad muy prevalente y de elevada supervivencia), sobre el PDPCM (programa dirigido a la prevención y que suponía una actividad normalizada en su entorno) y sobre el relevante papel de los servicios de salud y los medios de comunicación. Se detectaron actitudes ambivalentes hacia el PDPCM y estas actitudes estaban relacionadas con las emociones. CONCLUSIONES // La respuesta emocional al leer el folleto es ambivalente, aunque la mayoría de las mujeres expresan emociones positivas. Las mujeres comparan la información con sus creencias previas, especialmente respecto al CM y al PDPCM. Es importante entender cómo ciertas emociones (especialmente las negativas) están estrechamente relacionadas con la actitud hacia este programa., [EN] BACKGROUND // Breast cancer screening (BCS) leaflets are important for outreach and dissemination of BCS programs. Knowing how women perceive these leaflets is relevant to better understand their attitude towards BCS. The objective of this paper was to explore women’s reactions regarding BCS leaflet. METHODS // A simple descriptive qualitative design was performed involving women aged between forty and sixty years of age in Asturias (Spain). Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with women of different socioeconomic profiles in 2018. Thematic analysis was carried out. RESULTS // Reading the leaflet elicited positive emotions such as peace of mind, well-being or gratitude, in addition to fear or anxiety. The women expressed various beliefs about breast cancer (highly prevalent and high survival rates), about BCS (a program aimed at prevention, a normative activity among their peers) and about the relevant role of health services and the media. Ambivalent attitudes towards BCS were detected, related to emotions. CONCLUSIONS // The emotional response after reading the brochure is ambivalent, although most of the women express positive emotions. Women compare the information with previous beliefs, especially regarding breast cancer (BC) and BCS. It is important to understand how certain emotions (especially negative ones) are closely related to the attitude towards BCS., SI

[EN] Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a primary, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Many risk factors for the development of AD have been investigated, including nutrition. Although it has been proven that nutrition plays a role in AD, the precise mechanisms through which nutrition exerts its influence remain undefined. The object of this study is to address this issue by elucidating some of the mechanisms through which nutrition interacts with AD. This work is a qualitative systematic bibliographic review of the current literature searchable on various available databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our evidence comprises 31 articles selected after a systematic search process. Patients suffering with AD present a characteristic microbiome that promotes changes in microglia generating a proinflammatory state. Many similarities exist between AD and prion diseases, both in terms of symptoms and in the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome due to dietary habits could be one of the environmental factors affecting the development of AD; however, this is probably not the only factor. Similarly, the mechanism for self-propagation of beta-amyloid seen in AD is similar to that seen in prions., SI

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el tumor con mayor prevalencia y mortalidad en las mujeres de nuestro país. Esta enfermedad causa un enorme impacto emocional, por lo que las pacientes que la padecen ponen en marcha distintas estrategias de afrontamiento para evitar un desajuste psicológico y distrés. La enfermería es el personal que comparte más tiempo con estas pacientes, con lo cual, deben de tener la formación adecuada para poder dotarlas de los recursos que necesitan y hacer frente a sus necesidades emocionales. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica en la cual se utilizaron como bases de datos Medline, Scielo y Google Académico. Se seleccionaron artículos con año de publicación 2015-2019, en español e inglés, con acceso gratuito y que nombraban estrategias de afrontamiento emocional en paciente diagnosticado de cáncer de mama. Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 12 artículos. En general, las mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer mama, utilizan dos tipos de estrategias: positivas o activas y negativas o pasivas. Las primeras se centran en el problema, tienen mejores resultados y adaptación psicológica como el humor, la religión y la reevaluación positiva. Las segundas, suelen asociarse a inestabilidad y distrés emocional como la autoculpa y evitación. Enfermería no dispone de un protocolo para identificar de manera eficaz las necesidades emocionales de las mujeres con cáncer mama, sino que suele realizar una valoración general de su salud. Conclusión: Es necesario que el personal de enfermería esté formado para poder ayudar a estas pacientes a desarrollar estrategias que les permitan adaptarse a su situación, así como un protocolo que ayude a identificar las necesidades emocionales de las mismas., [EN] IntroductionBreast cancer is the most prevalence and mortal tumor amound women in our country.This disease causes an enourmous emotional impact, wich is why patients use several coping strategies to avoid distress and a psychological mismatch. Nurses are the staff that spend most time with this patients, therefore, they need to have proper training and education to be able to help these women, giving them the resources they need to face their emotio-nal needs. MethodologyBibliographic review in which the following da-tabases were used: Medline, Scielo and Academic Google. Articles with year of publishment 2015-2019 were selected, both spanish and english, with free access and that mentioned emotional coping strate-gies in patients who were diagnosticed with breast cancer. A total of 12 articles were selected.ResultsA total of 12 articles were selected. In general, wo-men diagnosticed with breast cancer use two types of strategies: positives or actives and negatives or RCUUKXGU 6JG ƓTUV QPGU HQEWU QP VJG RTQDNGO VJG[ have better results and psychological adjustment as humor, religion and positive reevaluation. The second ones are usually associated with inesta-bility and emotional distress such as blame and avoidance. Nursering does not have a protocol to identify emotional needs in breast cancer patients, they usuallly just do a general appreciation of their health.ConclusionIt is necessary that the nursing staff are trained to help these patients develop strategies that allow them to adapt to their situation, as well as a protocol that helps identify their emotional needs, SI

La enfermedad infecciosa por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una infección del tracto respiratorio causada por un coronavirus de reciente aparición (2019-nCoV), que fue reconocido por primera vez en Wuhan, China, en diciembre de 2019. La secuenciación genética del virus sugiere que se trata de un betacoronavirus estrechamente vinculado al virus del SARS1

[ES] Acordemente con aquellos planteamientos doctrinales que han venido a postular la in- clusión de las artes marciales en el currículo de Educación Física, el presente trabajo pretende la justificación que sustente la perti- nencia y, consecuentemente la, inclusión en dicho currículo, del judo como práctica de defensa personal. En este sentido, debe remarcarse que esta pretensión no se detiene exclusivamente en el objetivo utilitarista sino que tiende al establecimiento de un marco mucho más generalista e integrador. Esto es, hacia la con- secución de un contexto de for- mación general de la persona, no restringido únicamente al ámbito técnico. Una formación que inci- da en el respeto hacia los dere- chos humanos como referente ético fundamental (la paz, la li- bertad, la comprensión, la tole- Acordemente con aquellos planteamientos doctrinales que han venido a postular la in- clusión de las artes marciales en el currículo de Educación Física, el presente trabajo pretende la justificación que sustente la perti- nencia y, consecuentemente la, inclusión en dicho currículo, del judo como práctica de defensa personal. En este sentido, debe remarcarse que esta pretensión no se detiene exclusivamente en el objetivo utilitarista sino que tiende al establecimiento de un marco mucho más generalista e integrador. Esto es, hacia la con- secución de un contexto de for- mación general de la persona, no restringido únicamente al ámbito técnico. Una formación que inci- da en el respeto hacia los dere- chos humanos como referente ético fundamental (la paz, la li- bertad, la comprensión, la tole-, SI

Plants draw from various genetically controlled defenses to protect against herbivores and pathogens. The efficacy of alternative defenses can vary with the biology and phylogeny of the enemy. Dryocosmus kuriphilus, an invasive gall maker native to China, has become one of the main pests of chestnut trees around the world. We studied genetic variation in resistance and susceptibility to D. kuriphilus within a replicated blocked planting of 12 chestnut genotypes established in Galicia, Spain in 2004. We found very high genetic variation in susceptibility to D. kuriphilus. We evaluated if the variation was due to host selection by the wasp, differential efficacy of inducible defenses in the trees, or variability in susceptibility of the plant to manipulation by the gallmaker. We assessed host selection by counting number of eggs laid by females in tree buds and comparing preferences with phytochemistry. We also measured inducible changes in phytochemistry within and around galls, gall physical characteristics, parasitism, and insect fitness. The effective defense mechanisms in resistant genotypes involved (1) hypersensitive reactions to eggs or neonates within buds and (2) early precise abscission of nascent galls from expanding leaves. Surprisingly, the genetic resistance to D. kuriphilus of the chestnut genotypes we tested was not related to phenols, terpenes, and primary nutrition, SI, This work was supported by FEDER/Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Research Grant AGL2016-76262-R).

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer cómo el judo Kodokan -una genuina propuesta educativa que concibe el cuerpo como cauce de formación integral y de desarrollo humano y social-, fue sometido en Japón a una reaccionaria instrumentalización política que determinó su relegación por la versión propuesta por el ultranacionalismo. La metodología utilizada a lo largo del texto ha sido la propia de la investigación histórica: recolección, evaluación, verificación y síntesis de evidencias que han permitido obtener conclusiones válidas. Las cuales reflejan que, finalmente, fue la versión desnaturalizada del judo la que se impuso y se “exportó” a Occidente, soslayando la propia esencia de la concepción del judo de Kano y provocando que ésta todavía sea, prácticamente, desconocida por la mayoría de sus practicantes., [EN] The aim of this work is to explain how Kodokan Judo – a genuine educational proposal that sees the body as a way for whole education and human and social development – was subjected to backwards political instrumentalization in Japan, causing its replacement by the version proposed by ultranationalism. The methodology used throughout this work has been that of historical research: collection, assessment, verification, and synthesis of evidence that has allowed us to reach valid conclusions. They point out that such denatured version of judo eventually prevailed and was ‘exported’ to the West, suppressing the very nature of the conception of Kano judo and causing it to be virtually unknown to most practitioners., [PT] O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar como o judô Kodokan – uma proposta educativa que concebe o corpo como um instrumento para formação integral e desenvolvimento humano e social – foi submetido no Japão a uma instrumentalização política reacionária que determinou sua substituição por uma versão proposta pelo ultranacionalismo. A metodologia utilizada ao longo do texto foi a própria da pesquisa histórica: coleta, avaliação, verificação e síntese das evidências que permitiram obter conclusões válidas. Estas indicam que, finalmente, foi a versão desnaturalizada do judô que foi imposta e “exportada” ao ocidente, distorcendo a própria essência da concepção do judô de Kano e provocando que esta última ainda seja, praticamente, desconhecida pela maioria de seus praticantes.