BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The temporal trend of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal waters with highly dynamic sources and sinks is largely unknown, especially for polar regions. Here, we show the concurrent measurements of 73 individual PAHs and environmental data, including the composition of the bacterial community, during three austral summers at coastal Livingston (2015 and 2018) and Deception (2017) islands (Antarctica). The Livingston 2015 campaign was characterized by a larger snow melting input of PAHs and nutrients. The assessment of PAH diagnostic ratios, such as parent to alkyl-PAHs or LMW to HMW PAHs, showed that there was a larger biodegradation during the Livingston 2015 campaign than in the Deception 2017 and Livingston 2018 campaigns. The biogeochemical cycling, including microbial degradation, was thus yearly dependent on snow-derived inputs of matter, including PAHs, consistent with the microbial community significantly different between the different campaigns. The bivariate correlations between bacterial taxa and PAH concentrations showed that a decrease in PAH concentrations was concurrent with the higher abundance of some bacterial taxa, specifically the order Pseudomonadales in the class Gammaproteobacteria, known facultative hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria previously reported in degradation studies of oil spills. The work shows the potential for elucidation of biogeochemical processes by intensive field-derived time series, even in the harsh and highly variable Antarctic environment., Peer reviewed

The work unravels the previously unexplored atomic-scale mechanism involving the interaction of phonons with crystal homointerfaces. Silicon nanowires with engineered isotopic content and crystal phases were chosen for this investigation. Crystal polytypism, manifested by the presence of both diamond cubic and rhombohedral phases within the same nanowire, provided a testbed to study the impact of phase homointerfaces on phonon transport. The lattice thermal conductivity and its temperature response were found to be markedly different in the presence of polytypism. Its origin, however, was not traced to any acoustic mismatch as the polytypic nanowires presented a similar phonon spectrum as their counterparts. Rather, phenomenological modeling and atomistic simulations identified and quantified the role of atomically rough homointerfaces and the subsequent phonon scattering from such homointerfaces in shaping the phonon behavior. This framework provides the inputs necessary to advance the design and modeling of phonon transport in nanoscale semiconductors., Peer reviewed

Fractures are integral to the hydrology and geochemistry of watersheds, but our understanding of fracture dynamics is very limited because of the challenge of monitoring the subsurface. Here we provide evidence that long-term, high-frequency measurements of the river concentration of the ultra-trace element thorium (Th) can provide a signature of bedrock fracture processes spanning neighboring watersheds in Colorado. River Th concentrations show abrupt (subdaily) excursions and biexponential decay with approximately 1-day and 1-week time constants, concentration patterns that are distinct from all other solutes except beryllium and arsenic. The patterns are uncorrelated with daily precipitation records or seasonal trends in atmospheric deposition. Groundwater Th analyses are consistent with bedrock release and dilution upon mixing with river water. Most Th excursions have no seismic signatures that are detectable 50 km from the site, suggesting the Th concentrations can reveal aseismic fracture or fault events. We find, however, a weak statistical correlation between Th and seismic motion caused by distant earthquakes, possibly the first chemical signature of dynamic earthquake triggering, a phenomenon previously identified only through geophysical methods., Peer reviewed

This dataset presents the levels of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) (PCB-81, PCB-77, PCB-126, PCB-169, PCB-123, PCB-118, PCB-114, PCB-105, PCB-167, PCB-156, PCB-157 and PCB-189) in bivalves collected annually from 2008 to 2023 in the Shellfish Production Areas of the Basque coast (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Additionally, data on 6 non-dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) (PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-153, PCB-138 and PCB-180) are provided for the 2012-2023 time period. Depending on the availability of bivalves at each Shellfish Production Area, different species, such as mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Magallana gigas and Ostrea edulis), were used for the evaluation. Bivalve samples were analyzed following standardized methodologies according to the specific requirements established at the corresponding EU Regulations. This work was supported by the Fisheries and Aquaculture Directorate, Department of Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment of the Basque Government through CULTIVOS Project. Steps to reproduce This database can be accessed with any standard database manager or spreadsheet software. It should be taken into account that different species of bivalve mollusks have been used during the study period and at different sampling points. It should be taken into account that the locality of Mendexa corresponds to open waters and sampling began in 2013. In contrast, the other locations are estuarine and sampling began in 2008., The accumulation of contaminants in aquatic organisms is of concern to human health due to the potential for exposure through the consumption of seafood. This dataset presents the levels of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) (PCB-81, PCB-77, PCB-126, PCB-169, PCB-123, PCB-118, PCB-114, PCB-105, PCB-167, PCB-156, PCB-157 and PCB-189) in bivalves collected annually between 2008 and 2023 from the four Shellfish Production Areas of the Basque coast (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Additionally, data on 6 non-dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) (PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-153, PCB-138 and PCB-180) is provided for the 2012-2023 time period. Depending on the availability of bivalves at each Shellfish Production Area, different species, such as mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Magallana gigas and Ostrea edulis) were used for the evaluation. Bivalve samples were analyzed at the accredited Laboratory of Dioxins of the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - CSIC in Spain, following standardized methodologies according to the specific requirements established at the corresponding EU Regulation. Concentrations and the World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalents (WHO-TEQ) were calculated. Considering the data from the four Shellfish Production Areas and the study period, WHO-TEQ values ranged from 0.12 to 0.64 pg g-1 wet weight for PCDD/Fs and from 0.45 to 2.23 pg g-1 wet weight for DL-PCBs, whereas concentrations ranged from 7.45 to 51.10 ng g-1 wet weight for NDL-PCBs. This database is useful for (i) assessing the spatial and temporal trends of PCDD/Fs and various PCBs in bivalves from the Basque coast, (ii) determining the relative contribution of different congeners, (iii) comparison with levels for human consumption and environmental quality standards, as well as with levels of other biogeographical areas, and (iv) the management of Shellfish Production Areas on the Basque coast., Peer reviewed

SSR data from “Genotyping and diversity analysis of local avocado landraces in La Palma, Canary Islands”. Verónica Pérez, Nerea Larrañaga, M. Librada Alcaraz, J. Ignacio Hormaza., Peer reviewed

European Commission: GrapheneCore3 – Graphene Flagship Core Project 3881603; European Commission: 2D-SIPC – Two-dimensional quantum materials and devices for scalable integrated photonic circuits 820378; European Commission: TOPONANOP – Topological nano-photonics 726001; European Commission: BlochTG – Bloch Oscillations, Wannier-Stark Localisation and Coherent Terahertz Emission in Twisted Graphene Superlattices 893030, Peer reviewed

Data Overview: These data collected in 2016 represent a paired laboratory and mesocosm experiment in which three species of amphibian were exposed to ranavirus. The laboratory experiment has two data files, one examaning survival and one examaning infection load. The mesocosm data set examines host survival by amphibian species and life stage (pre/post metamorphosis). Included files: MesocosmData.xlsx Infectionoads.xlsx LabSurvival.xlsx MesocosmData.xlsx: MesoID - A numeric ID assigned to the mesocosm Treatment - An alphanumeric code (X - #) for the treatment the mesocosm was a part of: C = control R = ranavirus exposed 1 = single host species 3 = three host species Initial population - 36 animals were included in each mesocosm at the start of the experiment Survival.day30 - The total number of surviving animals at day 30 of the experiment PR.day30 - The total number of surviving P. regilla at day 30 of the experiment RC.day30 - The total number of surviving R. cascadae at day 30 of the experiment AB.day30 - The total number of surviving A. boreas at day 30 of the experiment Survival.day60 - The total number of surviving animals at day 60 of the experiment Prlarvae.day60 - The number of surviving P. regilla larvae at day 60 of the experiment RClarvae.day60 - The number of surviving R. cascadae larvae at day 60 of the experiment ABlarvae.day60 - The number of surviving A. boreas larvae at day 60 of the experiment PRmetas.day 60 - The number of surviving P. regilla metamorphs at day 60 of the experiment RCmetas.day 60 - The number of surviving R. cascadae metamorphs at day 60 of the experiment ABmetas.day 60 - The number of surviving A. boreas metamorphs at day 60 of the experiment Infectionoads.xlsx: treatment - The treatment the animal received; C = control, R = ranavirus exposed species - The species of the animal pseudacris = P. regilla rana = R. cascadae bufo = A. boreas number - The ID number of the animal is between 1 and 28 for each treatment and species combination infectrana - The animal's infection status as Rv infection (positive for ranavirus infection) or No Rv Infection (negative for ranavirus infection) loadrana - The viral load in genetic equivalents (GE) as determined by QPCR. "null" indicates the sample was not run. LabSurvival.xlsx This data is organized into three sheets, one for each host species. The data is formatted identically on all sheets. Days elapsed - The number of days before the animal was removed from the experiment Control - For control animals: "1" indicates the animal died and was removed after the number of days indicated in the "Days elapsed" column "0" indicates the animal was alive and was removed after the number of days indicated in the "Days elapsed" column "null" indicates this was not a control animal Treated - For treated animals: "1" indicates the animal died and was removed after the number of days indicated in the "Days elapsed" column "0" indicates the animal was alive and was removed after the number of days indicated in the "Days elapsed" column "null" indicates this was not a treated animal, The global decline in amphibian populations is a major environmental issue. Chytridiomycosis, Ranaviruses and the red-leg syndrome have been identified in unusual mortality events. However, these infections do not account for all causes of declining amphibian populations. Moreover, several cases of amphibian mortality are difficult to solve without resorting to an interdisciplinary approach. Two cases of unusual mortality in Rana temporaria occurred at two high-mountain ponds (northwest Italy) in April and May 2021. Water and frog samples were analysed to understand the possible causes responsible for the unusual mortalities. Results of the main physicochemical (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand) and nutrient (ammonia/ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus) parameters revealed a good condition of the water quality, with the absence of the main cyanotoxins (microcystins/nodularins). However, unseasonably high spring water temperatures were recorded in both ponds (12.73 °C and 14.21 °C for Frog Pond and Selleries Pond, respectively). Frogs (n = 50; snout-vent length: 7.0-9.8 cm; body mass: 85-123 g) collected from Frog Pond mainly presented bumps on the ventral cavity and dermal ulceration associated with the isolation of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum. On the other hand, frogs (n = 5; snout-vent length: 8.0-9.1 cm; body mass: 87-92 g) from Selleries Pond presented petechiae and dermal ulcerations on the rear limbs associated with the isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida and A. sobria. In both mortality events, the interdisciplinary approach revealed an association between frog mortalities and the isolation of bacteria. Isolated bacteria are considered opportunistic pathogens, and the high values of the water temperature has certainly led a stress on the frogs, favouring the spread of bacteria and the death of the frogs. Further studies are needed to assess the pathophysiological effects of the opportunistic bacteria here isolated, clarifying the interactions between emerging pathogens and climate change., Peer reviewed

J. P. Anderson et al. -- The data presented in this paper were acquired through the CSP over two distinct observational SN follow-up programmes. CSP-I (Hamuy et al. 2006PASP..118....2H) operated between 2004 and 2009 and obtained data for 74 SNe II., ype II supernovae (SNe II) mark the endpoint in the lives of hydrogen-rich massive stars. Their large explosion energies and luminosities allow us to measure distances, metallicities, and star formation rates into the distant Universe. To fully exploit their use in answering different astrophysical problems, high-quality low-redshift data sets are required. Such samples are vital to understand the physics of SNe II, but also to serve as calibrators for distinct - and often lower-quality - samples. We present uBgVri optical and YJH near-infrared (NIR) photometry for 94 low-redshift SNe II observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). A total of 9817 optical and 1872 NIR photometric data points are released, leading to a sample of high-quality SN II light curves during the first 150 days post explosion on a well-calibrated photometric system. The sample is presented and its properties are analysed and discussed through comparison to literature events. We also focus on individual SNe II as examples of classically defined subtypes and outlier objects. Making a cut in the plateau decline rate of our sample (s2), a new subsample of fast-declining SNe II is presented. The sample has a median redshift of 0.015, with the nearest event at 0.001 and the most distant at 0.07. At optical wavelengths (V), the sample has a median cadence of 4.7 days over the course of a median coverage of 80 days. In the NIR (J), the median cadence is 7.2 days over the course of 59 days. The fast-declining subsample is more luminous than the full sample and shows shorter plateau phases. Of the nonstandard SNe II highlighted, SN 2009A particularly stands out with a steeply declining then rising light curve, together with what appears to be two superimposed P-Cygni profiles of H in its spectra. We outline the significant utility of these data, and finally provide an outlook of future SN II science., Peer reviewed

Neuroinflammation is widely recognized as a key pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. sEH plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation by hydrolyzing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, into pro-inflammatory dihydroepoxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Furthermore, the overexpression of the enzyme in the brains of AD patients and animal models of the disease highlights its relevance as a therapeutic target. Our previous studies, using the inhibitor UB-SCG-51 demonstrated that sEH inhibition regulates neuroinflammation and other mechanisms, such as the unfolded protein response pathway, while reducing autophagy, apoptosis, and neuronal death, thereby promoting neuroprotection. Building on these findings, we evaluated the arginine salt of the compound, designated UB-SCG-74, which offers improved oral absorption compared to that of UB-SCG-51 while retaining high permeability, potency, and selectivity. In experiments using 5XFAD mice, UB-SCG-74 treatment significantly improved cognition and synaptic plasticity, outperforming donepezil, a standard AD drug, and ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug. Remarkably, these benefits persisted for 4 weeks after administration cessation, suggesting lasting therapeutic effects. Safety pharmacology studies showed no toxicity, supporting the advancement of UB-SCG-74 into preclinical regulatory evaluation. Our findings further indicate that sEH inhibition engages multiple neuroprotective pathways, potentially modifying both AD symptoms and disease progression, thus reinforcing its therapeutic potential., Peer reviewed

Z.-Y. Wang et al. -- We conducted multi-band optical (Sloan griz, Johnson-Cousins UBV) and near-infrared (NIR; JHK) follow-up campaigns of SNe 2018jmt and 2019cj starting shortly after their classification. Photometry tables for two Ibn supernovae (SN 2018jmt, SN 2019cj)., We present optical and near-infrared observations of two Type Ibn supernovae (SNe), SN 2018jmt and SN 2019cj. Their light curves have rise times of about 10 days, reaching an absolute peak magnitude of Mg(SN 2018jmt)=-19.07+/-0.37 and MV(SN 2019cj)=-18.94+/-0.19mag, respectively. The early-time spectra of SN 2018jmt are dominated by a blue continuum, accompanied by narrow (600-1000km/s) HeI lines with P-Cygni profile. At later epochs, the spectra become more similar to those of the prototypical SN Ibn 2006jc. At early phases, the spectra of SN 2019cj show flash ionisation emission lines of CIII, NIII and HeII superposed on a blue continuum. These features disappear after a few days, and then the spectra of SN 2019cj evolve similarly to those of SN 2018jmt. The spectra indicate that the two SNe exploded within a He-rich circumstellar medium (CSM) lost by the progenitors a short time before the explosion. We model the light curves of the two SNe Ibn to constrain the progenitor and the explosion parameters. The ejecta masses are consistent with either that expected for a canonical SN Ib (~2M_{sun}_) or those from a massive WR star (>~4M_{sun}_), with the kinetic energy on the order of 1051 erg. The lower limit on the ejecta mass (>~2M_{sun}_) argues against a scenario involving a relatively low-mass progenitor (e.g., MZAMS~10M_{sun}_). We set a conservative upper limit of ~0.1M_{sun}_ for the 56Ni masses in both SNe. From the light curve modelling, we determine a two-zone CSM distribution, with an inner, flat CSM component, and an outer CSM with a steeper density profile. The physical properties of SN 2018jmt and SN 2019cj are consistent with those expected from the core collapse of relatively massive, stripped-envelope (SE) stars., Peer reviewed