Resultados de investigación

Supplementary Table 1: Primers used in this work., Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes., Peer reviewed

Resources available on the publisher's site: http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2021012805, Peer reviewed

Experimental section including preparation of MoSe2, f-MoSe2, PorMn, and MoSe2–MnP, high-magnification HAADF-STEM images, UV–vis spectra, and electrochemical data., Peer reviewed

Table S2. FS and SE quantification in seeds of wt, slasat1, slpsat1 and slpsat1 x slasat1 mutants. Data are shown as average values from three biological replicates with SEM in parentheses. n.d. stands for not detected. Significant changes compared to wild-type (WT) seeds are indicated by asterisks (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.005)., Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes., Peer reviewed

Table S3. FS and SE quantification in leaves of wt, slasat1, slpsat1 and slpsat1 x slasat1 mutants. Data are shown as average values from four biological replicates with SEM in parentheses. n.d. stands for not detected. Significant changes compared to wild-type leaves are indicated by asterisks (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.005)., Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes., Peer reviewed

Detailed experimental procedures; MAS NMR spectra of OSDAs and as-synthesized PST-2; TGA/DTA curves of TEA-rho, TEA-ZK-5, and a series of TEA-PST-2 products for different times; FE-SEM images; Raman spectra; relative crystallinities and yields; and chemical composition data of TEA-PST-2., Peer reviewed

Raman measurements; NLO parameters of different concentrations of TMDs; optical limiting measurements at different irradiation wavelengths; Tauc plots; variation of the NLO parameters (β, γ′) with the laser intensity., Peer reviewed

Tables summarizing the Ru NP morphology and size obtained for different experimental conditions; figures showing TEM images, STEM-HAADF images, and high-resolution STEM-HAADF images of Ru NPs; local EDS analyses of Ru icosahedra; high-resolution XPS spectra of Ru NPs in the C 1s and Ru 3d energy range; X-ray photoelectron spectra of Ru NPs; table summarizing the DFT energies of Ru polyhedra of 147 atoms (hcp, ico, cubo); and the link to interactive three-dimensional (3D) models., Peer reviewed

Ex vivo physiological systems for the study of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions are scarce. We establish a method using primary human lung tissue (HLT) cells for the rapid analysis of cell tropism and identification of therapeutics. Main findings: i) HLT cells preserve main cell subpopulations, including alveolar type-II cells, and expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2, CD147, TMPRSS2 and AXL. ii) HLT cells are readily susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection without the need of cell isolation or further cell differentiation. iii) Antiviral testing in HLT cells allows the rapid identification of new drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 variants, missed by conventional systems. iv) Local inflammation is supported in HLT cells and offers the identification of relevant anti-inflammatory compounds for SARS-CoV-2 infection., Peer reviewed

3 pages. -- 1 table and 1 figure. -- Fig. S1 Representative voltammograms obtained after measurement process with the integrated system in different conditions: (a) laboratory measurement of pure water sample spiked with 50 and 200 µg/L for Pb and Cu respectively. The measured areas were 0.454 µAV (left peak) and 1.816 µAV (right peak) for Pb and Cu, respectively; (b) laboratory measurement in the water tank (500 L) filled with Danube water spiked with 25 µg/L and 100 µg/L for Pb and Cu respectively. The measured areas were 0.396 µAV (left peak) and 1.244 µAV (right peak) for Pb and Cu respectively; (c) laboratory measurement in the water tank (500 L) filled with ground water (bank filtration of Danube) spiked with 25 µg/L and 100 µg/L for Pb and Cu respectively. The measured areas were 1.46 µAV (left peak) and 1.27 µAV (right peak) for Pb and Cu respectively; (d) field measurement of the Danube River. The measured areas were 0.018 µAV for Pb and Cu was not detected (, The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MINECO, Grant No. SEV-2017–0706)., Peer reviewed