Resultados de investigación

Oceanographic data acquired during the BOCATS-2-2023_LEG1 Cruise (29SG20230608) on board the ResearchVessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2023, BOCATS2, a continuation of the previous BOCATS project (2014-2017), will be a main contribution to the observation of the NA subpolar gyre by continuing the occupation of the biennial section A25-Ovide (2021 and 2023) within the framework of the international GO-SHIP programme. A particular focus will be given to the new challenge of assessing the variability of the deep circulation in the NA, improving the spatial-temporal resolution of deep currents and water mass characteristics by deploying a regional deep-ARGO array and, at a submilenary scale, using paleoceanographic data obtained in sedimentary records from key sites, such as the Bight and Charlie-Gibbs fracture zones. The high-quality observations foreseen in the SPNA will contribute to the early detection of the alteration of the carbon cycle allowing the precise estimation of the heat, CO2 and N2O storage rates and, ultimately, to find the connection between these changes and the variability of the AMOC at different time scales. The natural and anthropogenic fluxes of heat, CO2 and N2O will be evaluated, as well as the present and submillenary scale transport of sediments and biogenic elements, and the impact of acidification on these timescales by means of the analysis of CaCO3 and organic carbon fluxes to the sediment. Besides, the current ocean acidification rates will also be quantified by evaluating the present situation and establishing future projections. These new observation-based estimates will be a valuable result that will be used to validate the predictions from the models (GCMs and ESMs from CMIP5-6) for the 2°C warming scenario. Finally, special attention will be paid to the rates of elevation of aragonite saturation horizons in deep layers, where the impact on the ecosystems sustained by calcareous organisms is potentially imminent

Oceanographic data acquired during the FAR-DWO_DS1 Cruise (29SG20230719) on board the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2023, In the FAR-DWO DS1 oceanographic cruise we analyze the hydrographic and sedimentological variability of the Denmark Strait Overflow using water column and seafloor observation and sampling techniques. We also deploy multi-instrumented mooring lines at depths between 1000 m and 2000 m to record information of the dense current during a whole year. The FAR-DWO DS1 cruise will last from July 19th to August 12th 2023 onboard the oceanographic vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa (CSIC). We are a team of around thirty experts from the Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Iceland (UI), and the company specialized in satellite technology Lobelia Earth, and we count on the technical support of Unidad de Tecnología Marina (UTM-CSIC)

Oceanographic data acquired during the BOCATS-2-2023_LEG2 Cruise (29SG20230814) on board the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2023, The ocean currently accumulates 93% of the excess heat and 31% of the excess CO2 generated by human activity. The AMOC influences the European climate in a very relevant way in that of the Iberian Peninsula and amplifies the capture of anthropogenic CO2 with an average rate that exceeds 50% of the average ocean value. Besides, in the subpolar gyre of the NA, ocean acidification reaches abyssal depths, endangering the future of ecosystems supported by cold water coral structures. The recent weakening of the AMOC has been noted and is expected to become more pronounced in the coming decades. The IPCC highlights the lack of observations to quantify the magnitude of this reduction. Therefore, observational monitoring (present and past) of ocean circulation and acidification in the NA is essential to advance the accurate detection of anthropogenic impact and improves the projections of the coupled climate models that support the IPCC reports for the subpolar gyre of NA. The paleoceanographic information from this area allows us to give context and establish the nature of previous changes to the instrumental records in different climatic contexts. BOCATS2 has as its main observational contribution the continuation of the biennial programme of oceanographic cruises in section A25-Ovide within the framework of the international GO-SHIP programme. Also, the new challenge of assessing the variability of the deep circulation of the NA will be faced, improving the spatiotemporal resolution of current currents by deploying the deep-ARGO array and at a submillenary scale using paleoceanographic data obtained in sedimentary records from key sites such as the Bight and Charlie-Gibbs fracture zones. The high-quality observations foreseen in the SPNA will contribute to the early detection of the alteration of the carbon cycle and will allow the precise estimation of the storage rates of heat, CO2 and N2O, connecting these changes to the variability of the AMOC at different time scales. The natural and anthropogenic fluxes of heat, CO2 and N2O will be evaluated, as well as the current and submillenary scale transport of sediments and biogenic elements and the impact of acidification on these scales through the analysis of CaCO3 and organic carbon fluxes to the sediment. Besides, the current ocean acidification rates will also be quantified evaluating the present situation and establishing future projections that will allow comparing the results of the observations with the predictions from the models for the 2°C warming scenario. Special attention will be paid to the elevation of aragonite saturation horizon in deep layers

Appendix Figure S1. Lateral root deficiency leads to starch hyperaccumulation in leaves. -- Appendix Figure S2. Comparable starch content in foliage at the end of the light period in plants producing LR or not. -- Appendix Figure S3. Glucose and Sucrose levels in shoots of IAA-treated Col-0 and slr seedlings. -- Appendix Figure S4. Auxin/slr-dependent signaling reconfigures the carbon metabolism-related transcriptome during LR formation is influenced. -- Appendix Figure S5. TOR over-activation leads to longer primary roots, whereas impairment of the TOR machinery results in reduced primary root length. -- Appendix Figure S6. Silencing efficiency in UB10pro>>amiR-TOR line. -- Appendix Figure S7. IAA or external carbohydrate sources in TOR-deficient seedlings can not rescue lateral root formation. -- Appendix Figure S8. Foliar accumulation of starch upon TOR silencing. -- Appendix Figure S9. Transcriptome analysis upon auxin-induced induction of lateral root formation in UB10pro>>amiR-TOR. -- Appendix Figure S10. Expression of TOR, GATA23, and ARF7 transcripts upon inhibition of TOR via AZD8055. -- Appendix Figure S11. IAA-responsive genes detected during ribosome profiling and TOR inhibition IAA induced in the RNA-seq experiment under TOR deficiency vastly overlap. -- Appendix Figure S12. WOX11 expression upon TOR-knockdown or TOR inhibition. -- Expanded view figures EV1-EV3. -- Dataset EV1. -- Dataset EV2., embj2022111273-sup-0001-appendix.pdf, embj2022111273-sup-0002-evfigs.pdf, embj2022111273-sup-0003-datasetev1.xlsx, embj2022111273-sup-0004-datasetev2.xlsx, embj2022111273-sup-0006-sdataev.zip, Peer reviewed

Tables., This research was funded by the European Fund for Regional Development/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Project Reference PID2019-105805RB-I00., genotypes_MG.map, genotypes_MG.ped, Peer reviewed

Tables., Genotypes and phenotypes of Murcino-Granadina goats., This research was funded by the European Fund for Regional Development/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Project Reference PID2019-105805RB-I00, genotypes_MG.map, genotypes_MG.ped, text/plain, Peer reviewed

S2. Redox charge density & thickness: Figure S2. Cyclic voltamogramms of the different P3HT film series with different film thicknesses (indicated by different colors) taken at a scan rate of 20 mV/s. A) P3HT-CHCl3 B) P3HT-THF C) P3HT-CHCl3(NP) D) P3HT-THF(NP). Respective figures E), F) ,G) and H) represent the linear relations found between resulting redox charge densities and measured thicknesses (colors of each film thickness according to the corresponding cyclic voltammogram). Redox charge density values in units of mCcm-2 are calculated by the integration of the anodic and cathodic CV curves for each thickness followed by dividing the obtained values by the scan rate and the probed surface area.-- Figure S3. Transmittance values at 520 nm for the P3HT film series taken in their A) oxidized transparent states and B) neutral colored states as a function of the calculated redox charge density. Symbols represent experimental data points. Lines represent the fitted curves according to exponential decay functions. Regression coefficients r2 are indicated for all the film series. The transmittance curve for P3HT-CHCl3 in the neutral state not only shows overall higher transmittance values but also its exponential fitting curve with lowest regression coefficient strongly deviates from the behavior of all the other films. The different and rather poor transmittance behavior reflects the non-continuous island-like coating of the ITO substrate obtained for this sample by the employed spray-coating process, as demonstrated by the SEM and profilometry results in the main manuscript (Figure 5D and 6D, respectively). The poor transmittance behavior of the spray-coated P3HT-CHCl3 sample in the neutral state thus accounts for the largely different contrast behavior compared to the other P3HT samples, with an apparent shift of the optimum contrast range towards rather high, i.e. out-of-range redox charge density values, as a consequence of unsatisfying fitting results.--, Figure S4. Transmittance spectra of a P3HT film in its neutral and oxidized states.-- Figure S5. A) Transmittance vs. time plot a P3HT-THF film. B) Contrast vs. pulse length extracted from the previous data and corresponding fitting function from which τ values can be obtained.-- Figure S6. A) Transmittance vs. time plot for a P3HT-THF film. B) Contrast vs. number of cycles extracted from the previous data and corresponding fitting function from which N80 values can be obtained.-- Figure S7. Characterization of spin-coated P3HT films deposited from chloroform. A) SEM image obtained at 30 kX magnification (scale bar 200 nm). B) Profilometry of a representative film with average thickness of 77 nm. C) Transmittance in transparent and colored states, together with resulting contrast, versus redox charge density. D) Switching speeds, represented by t90 values versus redox charge density. E) Cycling stability, represented by the number of cycles corresponding to a 20 % loss of the initial contrast value, i.e. N80 value. F) Images of delaminated films after cycling stability tests. Table S1. Electrochromic performance parameters for spin-coated P3HT-CHCl3 series.--, Under a Creative Commons license BY-NC-ND 4.0., S1. UV-vis absorption spectra. S2. Redox charge density & thickness. S3. Stationary transmittance at 520 nm. S4. Transmittance spectra. S5. Switching speed. S6. Stability test. S7. Spin-coated P3HT-CHCl3 film. References., S1. UV-vis absorption spectra: The UV-vis spectra (Figure S1) of P3HT-THF and CHCl3 solutions show a featureless broad π-π* transition absorption band with its maximum at 445 nm, typical for amorphous P3HT. This band is red-shifted to 510 nm for the nanoparticle polymer P3HT (NP) dispersions. The spectra for these dispersions also show the appearance of peaks at 520 nm, 560 nm, and 620 nm, which indicate the existence of vibronic transitions caused by the internal aggregation of the P3HT chains inside the nanoparticles.[1,2] The acquired aggregate structure with its electronic transitions of the P3HT (NPs) in dispersion is maintained when deposited in the form of films onto substrates.-- S2. Redox charge density & thickness: Figure S2 shows the cyclic voltammograms of the different P3HT film probed for different film thicknesses at a scan rate of 20 mV/s in the potential window from -0.3 to 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE), calibrated at 0.45 V vs. ferrocene. The surface area exposed to the electrolyte is about 1 cm2.-- S3. Stationary Transmittance: Figure S4 show the stationary transmittance curves of the P3HT film series taken at 520 nm in the oxidized and neutral state as a function of the calculated redox charge densities. Experimental data points are fitted by exponential decay functions. The P3HT film series show similar transmittance curves in the oxidized state (Figure S3A), while those in the neutral state (Figure S3B) exhibit larger deviations. The difference between transmittance values in the oxidized and neutral state then provides the contrast curve as a function of the redox charge density as shown in Figure 2 of the main manuscript.--, S4. Transmittance spectra: Figure S4 shows the transmittance spectra of P3HT-THF film acquired in its neutral and oxidized states, reflecting its magenta and transparent pale blue colors, respectively. The transmittance minimum is obtained at 520 nm for the neutral state and provides the reference value at which maximum contrast, i.e. transmittance differences between the oxidized and neutral state is calculated for the different P3HT film series.-- S5. Switching speed: The switching speed of the P3HT films has been determined following the experimental procedure described in the experimental section of the main manuscript. Here the films are submitted to potential steps of variable pulse lengths of 15, 10, 5, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 s between -0.3 and 1.1 V. A representative case study for a P3HT-THF film is depicted in Figure S5.-- S6. Cycling stability: The cycling stability of the P3HT films has been determined following the experimental procedure described in the experimental section of the main manuscript. Here the films are submitted to a number of potential steps between -0.3 and 1.1 V: 300 cycles of 10 s for each step were applied. A representative case study for a P3HT-THF film is depicted in Figure S6.-- S7. Spin-coated P3HT-CHCl3 film: Spin-coating of non-nanostructured P3HT-CHCl3 dispersions, provides a continuous film coverage of the ITO substrate, as can be seen by SEM (Figure S7A) and the profilometry curve of a representative film with average film thickness of 77 nm (Figure S7B). Therefore, the electrochromic transmittance and contrast behavior at 520 nm (Figure S7C) now shows more consistent results, comparable to those of the spray-coated films of the other P3HT series. This especially refers to the optimum redox charge density and maximum contrast being achieved. Equally, t90 switching speed (Figure S7D), as well as the cycling stability (Figure S7E) in the optimum redox window reveal a behavior close to the ones of the other spray-coated film series. However, the spin-coated P3HT-CHCl3 film is prone to delamination issues (Figure S7F), compromising the mechanical integrity of the film, and thus as well the contact to the underlying substrate. This results in the non-linear enhancement of the t90 switching and the decrease of the cycle stability, beyond the established optimum redox charge densities window, as can be seen in Figure S7D and S7E, respectively. The overall electrochromic performance parameters for the spin-coated P3HT-CHCl3 series are summarized in Table S1., This work was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN-AEI, Spain) under Grant numbers PID2019-104272RB-C55/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2019-104272RB-C51/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and TED2021-129609B-I00/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (co-funded by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR). A.C-S acknowledges financial support from UPCT-Banco Santander through a research grant (“Iniciación en investigacion” Program 2021). W.M. and A.M.B acknowledge financial support from Gobierno de Aragon (DGA) under project “Grupos de Investigación Reconocidos” T03_23R. E.C. is grateful for his PhD grant from MINECO (FPI BES2017-080020) and associated European Social Funds (ESF)., Peer reviewed

Under a Creative Commons license by-nc-nd 4.0, Fig. S1. STEM (left) and TEM (right) images of Cu-N-C-Ac2 acquired using a Tecnay F30 microscope (300 kV). Fig. S2. XRD pattern of Cu-N-C-Ac2-3h obtained using the same experimental details than for Cu-N-CAc2 but with a lixiviation treatment of 3 hours. Fig. S3. N1s XPS spectra of the Cu-N-C. The material Cu-N-C-Ac1-BPT before the two-step post-treatment (acid leaching and 2nd carbonization) is also included for comparison purposes. Fig. S4. Effect of the two-step post-treatment (acid leaching and 2nd carbonization) on the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for Cu-N-C-Ac1. Fig. S5. Correlation between the Cu oxidation state and the energy position of the XANES spectrum, determined as the first maximum of the first derivative spectrum of Cu-N-C-Ac0.5 (red circle) and different copper reference compounds (black circles).Fig. S6. Variation with time of pH of the electrolyte (0.1 M KHCO3 aqueous solution) as a function of CO2 partial pressure. Balance with an inert gas for the equilibrium CO2 (aq) + H2O ↔ HCO3– + H+, pKa = 6.4, room temperature, 1 atm total pressure. Fig. S7. Oxidation of formic acid and methanol at the Pt ring of an RRDE, disc turned off, 1600 rpm. Fig. S8. Comparison of the CV in 0.1 M KHCO3 saturated with N2 (blue curve), methane oxidation voltammogram after saturation of the electrolyte with CH4 at the open circuit potential (red curve) and CH4 stripping voltammogram (Ead = 0.4 V vs. RHE, green curve) at the Pt ring of an RRDE, disc turned off, 1600 rpm. CV conditions from 0.05 to 1.6 V vs. RHE, 50 mV s-1. Room temperature. Fig. S9. CVs of the disc at 50 mV s-1 and 1600 rpm in CO2-saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 of Cu-N-C catalysts. Fig. S10. Chronoamperometric experiments at the disc for the Cu-N-C catalysts. Electrolyte: Fig. S11. CVs at the platinum ring for disc potentials reported in the legend. Table S1. Bulk chemical composition (wt. %) from EA and ICP of Cu-N-C electrocatalysts before and after the two-step post-treatment (acid leaching and 2nd carbonization). Table S2. N content (at. %) from XPS of the Cu-N-C electrocatalysts. Relative areas (at. %) of the deconvoluted peaks of N1s. Table S3. Textural parameters of Cu-N-C electrocatalysts. Table S4. CO, CH4 and C2H4 formation rate (mmol g-1 h-1) at selected applied potentials (V vs. RHE) and molar H2/CO ratio. Product analysis in a H-type electrochemical cell.  , Authors acknowledge Grant PID2020-115848RB-C21 “STORELEC” project, and TED2021-129694B-C22 “DEFY-CO2” project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. They also acknowledge LMP253_21 project funded by Gobierno de Aragón. Sara Pérez-Rodríguez thanks Grant IJC2019-041874-I funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Ana Cristina Giménez thanks CSIC for her JAE Intro ICU 2021-ICB-04 grant. David Ríos-Ruiz acknowledges the Y2020/EMT-6419 “CEOTRES” project funded by the Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid., Peer reviewed

Any usage of field data should aquire permission from Geo-Energie Suisse., This dataset includes the input files of the numerical models used in the manuscript for simulating the hydraulic stimulation in the conceptual models as well as the Bedretto model with the executable file of the numerical code (CODE_BRIGHT). Each folder is named after the corresponding model in the manuscript described in the sections 3.1.1 and 3.2.1. In each folder, there is a file with the name of the folder ended as “_gen.dat” which contains the input data of the model, including material properties, initial and boundary conditions and the time intervals. There is also a file ended as “_gri.dat” that includes the information on the mesh. The file “root.dat” includes the name of the model. The file ended as “_bcf.dat” contains injection rate input for Bedretto model. To run the simulation, copy and paste Code_Bright executable file, i.e., “Cb_2021.exe”, in a folder that contains the input files and execute it., European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Starting Grant GEoREST (www.georest.eu), under grant agreement No. 801809. Swiss Federal Office of Energy within the framework of the ZoDrEx GEOTHERMICA project under contract SI/501720-01. European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Sklowdowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ARMISTICE, under Grant Agreement No. 882733. The “ZoDrEx” project, which has been subsidized through the ERANET Cofund GEOTHERMICA (Project No. 731117), from the European Commission and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO). EURAD, the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management through the project DONUT (Grant No 847593), Peer reviewed

14 pages. -- Table S1. Properties of the Au NPs obtained for different synthesis parameters. -- Figure S1-S6. -- Table S2. Comparison of the properties of different Au NPs for the EOR. -- Table S3. Comparison of the properties of different Au NPs for the EGOR., Peer reviewed