BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

44 pages. -- Table S1. Classification of the 415 studies in the database based on application and related Sustainable Development Goal target., Peer reviewed

These data were collected for the paper, "Social media data for environmental sustainability: a critical review of opportunities, threats and ethical use" published in One Earth. It includes a database of studies applying social media data in environmental sustainability research, which were collected and reviewed in full by the authors. Rather than providing a comprehensive summary of all relevant literature like in a systematic review, our objective was to take stock and evaluate the previous body of work in the field in order to promote conceptual innovation from its critical examination. Building on a set of 169 studies collected in a previous systematic review of social media data applications in environmental research (Ghermandi and Sinclair 2019), the database includes additional relevant studies that were identified by snowballing previous references and adding further gray and scientific academic articles known to the authors. For studies to be included in our analysis, they had to involve the use of data from one or more social media platforms and investigate human interactions with and/or impacts on the environment. We relied on a broad definition of social media including any website or application that enables users to create and share content or to participate in social networking (e.g., blogging sites, recommendation sites, and online forums). We further strengthened the analysis by including insights from additional literature on social media that do not have a direct application to environmental sustainability (e.g., studies on biases in social media data). The final database consists of 415 studies, which were published between 2011 and 2021., Peer reviewed

5 pages. -- Figure S1 – Modules in the bipartite network graph of species relative abundances (horizonal axis) across sites (vertical axis). -- Figure S2 – Modules in the bipartite network graph of species relative abundances across sites; the modules cluster the nodes that share a common species’ set. -- Figure S3 –Network graph of species relative abundances across sites (nested within habitats: legend symbols) in the seascape of the Menorca channel. -- Figure S4 – Network graph of species relative abundances across sites (nested within habitats and fishing activities – as presence/absence of fishing: legend symbols) in the seascape of the Menorca channel. -- Table S1. Prioritisation indices based on in-degree (IDI), in-strength (ISI) and Pages’ Rank (PRI) for the species-habitat network of the Menorca channel seascape., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Two files are provided and they are related to each other with the variable eventID. The first file (icts-rbd-ErinaceusTracks_ev_20230915) contains the information of each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates or sampling effort); the second file (icts-rbd-ErinaceusTrack_occ_20230915) contains the count of tracks for each species recorded in each site, numbers of tracks recorded and taxonomic classification., [Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] The long-term monitoring of carnivore tracks in Doñana is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting mammals' populations. The general aim of this protocol is to study the temporal evolution of the relative density of the main species of carnivores in the main habitats of the Doñana National Park. Tracks surveys were done annually after the first rains of the hydrological year, i.e. the first autumn rains, usually in October. Due to climate change, in recent years the rainy season has been delayed until the beginning of the year. This protocol has stablished in 2007 and it has done annually until the present (2022), except in 2021 when due to logistical problems no census was made. Censuses are carried out through 12 prefixed transect, with sand substrate, in Doñana National Park. Each transect consists of a 2 km of length and 1.5 m of width that is done by a car at a constant speed between 10 and 15 km/h. Transects are cleaned the day before of the census with a metal beam to facilitate the read of the tracks and to ensure that the foot prints were from the previous day. Each transect is repeated in three consecutive days, and during the transect the sand is cleaned for the next day. In the census an expert in mammals’ tracks identifies all the tracks, i.e. groups of carnivore foot prints, and he/she records them in Cybertracker. That way, tracks' information like coordinates, hour, species identification and observation was recorded; and also the information of each transect was recorded: sampler, drivers, date, start and end (hour and coordinates). This method enables to calculate Kilometric Abundance Indexes (KAI) for each species and transect. In order to clarify all carnivore datasets, the data was separated by species, this allows concrete analysis by species. In this dataset Western European hedgehog´s (Erinaceus europeaus) data is presented., [Methods for processing the data] The data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence. The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling. The raw data was processed with Excel., The long-term monitoring of carnivore tracks in Doñana is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting mammals' populations. The general aim of this protocol is to study the temporal evolution of the relative density of the main species of carnivores in the main habitats of the Doñana National Park. Tracks surveys were done annually after the first rains of the hydrological year, i.e. the first autumn rains, usually in October. Due to climate change, in recent years the rainy season has been delayed until the beginning of the year. This protocol has stablished in 2007 and it has done annually until the present (2022), except in 2021 when due to logistical problems no census was made. Censuses are carried out through 12 prefixed transect, with sand substrate, in Doñana National Park. Each transect consists of a 2 km of length and 1.5 m of width that is done by a car at a constant speed between 10 and 15 km/h. Transects are cleaned the day before of the census with a metal beam to facilitate the read of the tracks and to ensure that the foot prints were from the previous day. Each transect is repeated in three consecutive days, and during the transect the sand is cleaned for the next day. In the census an expert in mammals’ tracks identifies all the tracks, i.e. groups of carnivore foot prints, and he/she records them in Cybertracker. That way, tracks' information like coordinates, hour, species identification and observation was recorded; and also the information of each transect was recorded: sampler, drivers, date, start and end (hour and coordinates). This method enables to calculate Kilometric Abundance Indexes (KAI) for each species and transect. In order to clarify all carnivore datasets, the data was separated by species, this allows concrete analysis by species. In this dataset Western European hedgehog´s (Erinaceus europaeus) data is presented., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) in 2007; the Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2011; the Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2011); the Ministry of Environmetal sustainability and blue economy from the Regional Goverment of Andalusia since 2017 with the LIFE-ADAPTAMED project; Ministry of Science and Innovation (Recovery, Transformation and Resilence Plan); and the European Comision with the Long-term Ecosystem Research in Europe (eLTER) (a HORIZON funding coordination of the European funding programme for research and innovation) and NextGenerationEU funding., 1. icts-rbd-ErinaceusTracks_ev_20230915: eventID, institutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, eventDate, year, month, day, verbatimEventDate, eventTime, country, continent, countryCode, stateProvince, county, municipality, locality, verbatimLocality, verbatimCoordinates, geodeticDatum, samplingProtocol, SampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, samplingEffort and eventRemarks. 2. icts-rbd-ErinaceusTracks_occ_20230915: eventID, occurrenceID, collectionCode, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, dynamicProperties, basisOfRecord, recordedBy, occurrenceStatus, individualCount, identifiedBy, scientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, taxonRank, organismQuantity, organismQuantityType and occurrenceRemarks., Peer reviewed

8 pages. -- Supporting methods: Matrix standardization and species preferences. -- Fisher’s r-to-z transformation. -- Average effect size. -- Back-transformation to Pearson’s correlation coefficient. -- Supporting References., Peer reviewed

Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Two files are provided and they are related to each other with the variable eventID. The first file (icts-rbd-VulpesTracks_ev_20230915) contains the information of each event (time of occurrence, geographical coordinates or sampling effort); the second file (icts-rbd-VulpesTracks_occ_20230915) contains the count of tracks for each species recorded in each site, numbers of tracks recorded and taxonomic classification., [Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] The long-term monitoring of carnivore tracks in Doñana is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting mammals' populations. The general aim of this protocol is to study the temporal evolution of the relative density of the main species of carnivores in the main habitats of the Doñana National Park. Tracks surveys were done annually after the first rains of the hydrological year, i.e. the first autumn rains, usually in October. Due to climate change, in recent years the rainy season has been delayed until the beginning of the year. This protocol has stablished in 2007 and it has done annually until the present (2022), except in 2021 when due to logistical problems no census was made. Censuses are carried out through 12 prefixed transect, with sand substrate, in Doñana National Park. Each transect consists of a 2 km of length and 1.5 m of width that is done by a car at a constant speed between 10 and 15 km/h. Transects are cleaned the day before of the census with a metal beam to facilitate the read of the tracks and to ensure that the foot prints were from the previous day. Each transect is repeated in three consecutive days, and during the transect the sand is cleaned for the next day. In the census an expert in mammals’ tracks identifies all the tracks, i.e. groups of carnivore foot prints, and he/she records them in Cybertracker. That way, tracks' information like coordinates, hour, species identification and observation was recorded; and also the information of each transect was recorded: sampler, drivers, date, start and end (hour and coordinates). This method enables to calculate Kilometric Abundance Indexes (KAI) for each species and transect. In order to clarify all carnivore datasets, the data was separated by species, this allows concrete analysis by species. In this dataset red fox´s (Vulpes vulpes) data is presented., [Methods for processing the data] The data was recorded in CyberTracker sequence. The protocol used has been supervised by researchers and the data have been validated by the members who performed the sampling. The raw data was processed with Excel., The long-term monitoring of carnivore tracks in Doñana is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting mammals' populations. The general aim of this protocol is to study the temporal evolution of the relative density of the main species of carnivores in the main habitats of the Doñana National Park. Tracks surveys were done annually after the first rains of the hydrological year, i.e. the first autumn rains, usually in October. Due to climate change, in recent years the rainy season has been delayed until the beginning of the year. This protocol has stablished in 2007 and it has done annually until the present (2022), except in 2021 when due to logistical problems no census was made. Censuses are carried out through 12 prefixed transect, with sand substrate, in Doñana National Park. Each transect consists of a 2 km of length and 1.5 m of width that is done by a car at a constant speed between 10 and 15 km/h. Transects are cleaned the day before of the census with a metal beam to facilitate the read of the tracks and to ensure that the foot prints were from the previous day. Each transect is repeated in three consecutive days, and during the transect the sand is cleaned for the next day. In the census an expert in mammals’ tracks identifies all the tracks, i.e. groups of carnivore foot prints, and he/she records them in Cybertracker. That way, tracks' information like coordinates, hour, species identification and observation was recorded; and also the information of each transect was recorded: sampler, drivers, date, start and end (hour and coordinates). This method enables to calculate Kilometric Abundance Indexes (KAI) for each species and transect. In order to clarify all carnivore datasets, the data was separated by species, this allows concrete analysis by species. In this dataset red fox´s (Vulpes vulpes) data is presented., We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) in 2007; the Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2011; the Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2011); the Ministry of Environmetal sustainability and blue economy from the Regional Goverment of Andalusia since 2017 with the LIFE-ADAPTAMED project; Ministry of Science and Innovation (Recovery, Transformation and Resilence Plan); and the European Comision with the Long-term Ecosystem Research in Europe (eLTER) (a HORIZON funding coordination of the European funding programme for research and innovation) and NextGenerationEU funding., 1. icts-rbd-VulpesTracks_ev_20230915: eventID, institutionCode, institutionID, datasetName, eventDate, year, month, day, verbatimEventDate, eventTime, country, continent, countryCode, stateProvince, county, municipality, locality, verbatimLocality, verbatimCoordinates, geodeticDatum, samplingProtocol, SampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, samplingEffort and eventRemarks. 2. icts-rbd-VulpesTracks_occ_20230915: eventID, occurrenceID, collectionCode, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, dynamicProperties, basisOfRecord, recordedBy, occurrenceStatus, individualCount, identifiedBy, scientificName, verbatimScientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, taxonRank, organismQuantity, organismQuantityType and occurrenceRemarks., Peer reviewed

5 pages. -- Table S1. Summary table with description of sites and fish species studied at four locations across the Mediterranean Sea. -- Fig. S1 Trend in minimum (1st percentile of daily temperatures) and maximum (99th percentile of daily temperatures) sea surface temperatures from 1981 to 2019. -- Fig. S2 Ivlev’s electivity index for herbivorous fishes across the Mediterranean Sea. Ivlev’s index standardizes food consumed by food availability within the habitat and scales from -1 (extreme selection against food source) to 1 (extreme selection for food source) (Jones & Norman 1986), Peer reviewed

Climate-driven species redistributions are reshuffling the composition of marine ecosystems. How these changes alter ecosystem functions, however, remains poorly understood. Here we examine how the impacts of herbivory change across a gradient of tropicalization in the Mediterranean Sea, which includes a steep climatic gradient and marked changes in plant nutritional quality and fish herbivore composition. We quantified individual feeding rates and behaviour of 755 fishes of the native Sarpa salpa, and non-native Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus. We measured herbivore and benthic assemblage composition across 20 sites along the gradient, spanning 30º of longitude and 8º of latitude. We coupled patterns in behaviour and composition with temperature measurements and nutrient concentrations to assess changes in herbivory under tropicalization. We found a transition in ecological impacts by fish herbivory across the Mediterranean from a predominance of seagrass herbivory in the west to a dominance of macroalgal herbivory in the east. Underlying this shift were changes in both individual feeding behaviour (i.e., food choice) and fish assemblage composition. The shift in feeding selectivity was consistent among temperate and warm-affiliated herbivores. Our findings suggest herbivory can contribute to the increased vulnerability of seaweed communities and reduced vulnerability of seagrass meadows in tropicalized ecosystems., Funding: Fundación BBVA, Award: Interbioclima; Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Award: CGL2015-71809-P, Fig._1_reconsructed_temperatures_by_location.csv, Fig._2_benthic_data_RAW.csv, Fig._2_herbivore_abundance_biomass.csv, Fig._3_Herbivore_bite_rates.csv, Fig._4b_C_and_N_Posidonia_Padina_turf.csv, Peer reviewed

6 pages. -- Figure S1. Schematic circulation. -- Figure S2. Wind stress variability. -- Figure S3. Seasonal shelf circulation anomaly. -- Figure S4. AAO & SOI. -- Figure S5. Antarctic Dipole., Peer reviewed

14 pages. -- A1. Synthetic approach. -- A1.1. General description. -- A1.2. Numerical approach. -- A1.3. GWHP scenarios. -- A1.4. Results. -- A1.4.1. Concentration and groundwater temperature across the aquifer. -- A1.4.2. Evolution of concentration and groundwater temperature on the downgradient boundary. -- Appendix B. -- B1. Sensitivity analysis. -- B1.1. Hydraulic conductivity. -- Appendix C. Concentration of OCECs reported at the study site is shown in the two plots of Figure C1., Peer reviewed