BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

Deuterostomes are a monophyletic group of animals that includes Hemichordata, Echinodermata (together called Ambulacraria), and Chordata. The diversity of deuterostome body plans has made it challenging to reconstruct their ancestral condition and to decipher the genetic changes that drove the diversification of deuterostome lineages. Here, we generate chromosome-level genome assemblies of 2 hemichordate species, Ptychodera flava and Schizocardium californicum, and use comparative genomic approaches to infer the chromosomal architecture of the deuterostome common ancestor and delineate lineage-specific chromosomal modifications. We show that hemichordate chromosomes (1N = 23) exhibit remarkable chromosome-scale macrosynteny when compared to other deuterostomes and can be derived from 24 deuterostome ancestral linkage groups (ALGs). These deuterostome ALGs in turn match previously inferred bilaterian ALGs, consistent with a relatively short transition from the last common bilaterian ancestor to the origin of deuterostomes. Based on this deuterostome ALG complement, we deduced chromosomal rearrangement events that occurred in different lineages. For example, a fusion-with-mixing event produced an Ambulacraria-specific ALG that subsequently split into 2 chromosomes in extant hemichordates, while this homologous ALG further fused with another chromosome in sea urchins. Orthologous genes distributed in these rearranged chromosomes are enriched for functions in various developmental processes. We found that the deeply conserved Hox clusters are located in highly rearranged chromosomes and that maintenance of the clusters are likely due to lower densities of transposable elements within the clusters. We also provide evidence that the deuterostome-specific pharyngeal gene cluster was established via the combination of 3 pre-assembled microsyntenic blocks. We suggest that since chromosomal rearrangement events and formation of new gene clusters may change the regulatory controls of developmental genes, these events may have contributed to the evolution of diverse body plans among deuterostomes., Peer reviewed

Deuterostomes are a monophyletic group of animals that includes Hemichordata, Echinodermata (together called Ambulacraria), and Chordata. The diversity of deuterostome body plans has made it challenging to reconstruct their ancestral condition and to decipher the genetic changes that drove the diversification of deuterostome lineages. Here, we generate chromosome-level genome assemblies of 2 hemichordate species, Ptychodera flava and Schizocardium californicum, and use comparative genomic approaches to infer the chromosomal architecture of the deuterostome common ancestor and delineate lineage-specific chromosomal modifications. We show that hemichordate chromosomes (1N = 23) exhibit remarkable chromosome-scale macrosynteny when compared to other deuterostomes and can be derived from 24 deuterostome ancestral linkage groups (ALGs). These deuterostome ALGs in turn match previously inferred bilaterian ALGs, consistent with a relatively short transition from the last common bilaterian ancestor to the origin of deuterostomes. Based on this deuterostome ALG complement, we deduced chromosomal rearrangement events that occurred in different lineages. For example, a fusion-with-mixing event produced an Ambulacraria-specific ALG that subsequently split into 2 chromosomes in extant hemichordates, while this homologous ALG further fused with another chromosome in sea urchins. Orthologous genes distributed in these rearranged chromosomes are enriched for functions in various developmental processes. We found that the deeply conserved Hox clusters are located in highly rearranged chromosomes and that maintenance of the clusters are likely due to lower densities of transposable elements within the clusters. We also provide evidence that the deuterostome-specific pharyngeal gene cluster was established via the combination of 3 pre-assembled microsyntenic blocks. We suggest that since chromosomal rearrangement events and formation of new gene clusters may change the regulatory controls of developmental genes, these events may have contributed to the evolution of diverse body plans among deuterostomes., Peer reviewed

Deuterostomes are a monophyletic group of animals that includes Hemichordata, Echinodermata (together called Ambulacraria), and Chordata. The diversity of deuterostome body plans has made it challenging to reconstruct their ancestral condition and to decipher the genetic changes that drove the diversification of deuterostome lineages. Here, we generate chromosome-level genome assemblies of 2 hemichordate species, Ptychodera flava and Schizocardium californicum, and use comparative genomic approaches to infer the chromosomal architecture of the deuterostome common ancestor and delineate lineage-specific chromosomal modifications. We show that hemichordate chromosomes (1N = 23) exhibit remarkable chromosome-scale macrosynteny when compared to other deuterostomes and can be derived from 24 deuterostome ancestral linkage groups (ALGs). These deuterostome ALGs in turn match previously inferred bilaterian ALGs, consistent with a relatively short transition from the last common bilaterian ancestor to the origin of deuterostomes. Based on this deuterostome ALG complement, we deduced chromosomal rearrangement events that occurred in different lineages. For example, a fusion-with-mixing event produced an Ambulacraria-specific ALG that subsequently split into 2 chromosomes in extant hemichordates, while this homologous ALG further fused with another chromosome in sea urchins. Orthologous genes distributed in these rearranged chromosomes are enriched for functions in various developmental processes. We found that the deeply conserved Hox clusters are located in highly rearranged chromosomes and that maintenance of the clusters are likely due to lower densities of transposable elements within the clusters. We also provide evidence that the deuterostome-specific pharyngeal gene cluster was established via the combination of 3 pre-assembled microsyntenic blocks. We suggest that since chromosomal rearrangement events and formation of new gene clusters may change the regulatory controls of developmental genes, these events may have contributed to the evolution of diverse body plans among deuterostomes., Peer reviewed

Supplementary Material S1: Supplementary methods. Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P.A.S. Fonseca, G. Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz. S1 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P.A.S. Fonseca, G. Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz. Supplementary Table S1. Description of the experimental groups defined in the nutritional challenge experiment in the Spanish Assaf dairy ewes included in the present study. S2 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P.A.S. Fonseca, G. Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz. Supplementary Table S2. Statistics of the milk production and feed efficiency traits measured in the first lactation of the Assaf dairy ewes included in the nutritional challenge experiment. S3 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega. B. Gutiérrez. Gil. P. A.S. Fonseca. Gonzalo Hervás. R. Pelayo. P.G. Toral. H. Marina. P. de Frutos. J.J. Arranz. Supplementary Table S3. Phenotypic Values for Residual Feed Intake (RFI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) indexes and group classification for transcriptomic analyses in the Spanish Assaf dairy ewes included in the present study. S4 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P. A.S. Fonseca, Gonzalo Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz Supplementary Table S4. Differentially expressed genes in the mammary gland transcriptome between High-FE-RFI and Low-FE-RFI sheep S5 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P. A.S. Fonseca, Gonzalo Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz Supplementary Table S5. Differentially expressed genes in the mammary gland transcriptome between High-FE-FCR and Low-FE-FCR sheep S6 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P. A.S. Fonseca, Gonzalo Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz Supplementary Table S6. Enrichment analysis results from the differentially expressed genes with higher expression in the low-FE-FCR Assaf dairy sheep S7 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P. A.S. Fonseca, Gonzalo Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz Supplementary Table S7. Differentially expressed genes in the mammary gland transcriptome between High-FE-consensus and Low-FE-consensus sheep S8 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P. A.S. Fonseca, Gonzalo Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz Supplementary Table S7. Enrichment analysis results from the differentially expressed genes with higher expression in the high-FE-consensus Spanish Assaf ewe group S9 Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes A. Suárez-Vega, B. Gutiérrez. Gil, P. A.S. Fonseca, Gonzalo Hervás, R. Pelayo, P.G. Toral, H. Marina, P. de Frutos, J.J. Arranz Supplementary Table S9. Enrichment analysis results from the differentially expressed genes with higher expression in the low-FE-consensus Spanish Assaf ewe group., “Supplementary material for the manuscript "Milk Transcriptome Biomarker Identification to Enhance Feed Efficiency and Reduce Nutritional Costs in Dairy Ewes”., Horizon 2020 Framework Programme SMARTER. Contract No. 772787, Peer reviewed, v01

Evolutionary history of the pharyngeal gene cluster with the full dataset., Peer reviewed

Positional analysis around Hox clusters based on unidirectional BLAST. The query species is shown in the middle of each panel. The curved lines connect gene pairs of the BLAST best hits. Hox genes are labeled in gray. Up to 20 neighboring genes of anterior and posterior Hox genes are shown and labeled in blue and red, respectively. Orthologous genes that are not located in chromosomes descended from DALGs E, B2, and C2 are omitted. The full list of BLAST comparisons is provided in S6 Data. The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Data., Peer reviewed

[Introduction]: In monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the expansion of malignant B cells disrupts the normal homeostasis and interactions between B cells and T cells, leading to immune dysregulation. CD20+ T cells are a subpopulation of T cells that appear to be involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer., [Methods]: Here, we quantified and phenotypically characterized CD20+ T cells from MBL subjects and CLL patients using flow cytometry and correlated our findings with the B-cell receptor mutational status and other features of the disease., [Results and discussion]: CD20+ T cells were more represented within the CD8+ T cell compartment and they showed a predominant memory Tc1 phenotype. CD20+ T cells were less represented in MBL and CLL patients vs healthy controls, particularly among those with unmutated IGVH gene. The expansion of malignant B cells was accompanied by phenotypic and functional changes in CD20+ T cells, including an increase in follicular helper CD4+ CD20+ T cells and CD20+ Tc1 cells, in addition to the expansion of the TCR Vβ 5.1 in CD4+ CD20+ T cells in CLL., Peer reviewed

[Introduction]: In monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the expansion of malignant B cells disrupts the normal homeostasis and interactions between B cells and T cells, leading to immune dysregulation. CD20+ T cells are a subpopulation of T cells that appear to be involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer., [Methods]: Here, we quantified and phenotypically characterized CD20+ T cells from MBL subjects and CLL patients using flow cytometry and correlated our findings with the B-cell receptor mutational status and other features of the disease., [Results and discussion]: CD20+ T cells were more represented within the CD8+ T cell compartment and they showed a predominant memory Tc1 phenotype. CD20+ T cells were less represented in MBL and CLL patients vs healthy controls, particularly among those with unmutated IGVH gene. The expansion of malignant B cells was accompanied by phenotypic and functional changes in CD20+ T cells, including an increase in follicular helper CD4+ CD20+ T cells and CD20+ Tc1 cells, in addition to the expansion of the TCR Vβ 5.1 in CD4+ CD20+ T cells in CLL., Peer reviewed