BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The geodynamic evolution of the Western Mediterranean related to the closure of the Ligurian-Tethys ocean is not yet fully resolved. We present a new 3D numerical model of double subduction with opposite polarities fostered by the inherited segmentation of the Ligurian-Tethys margins and rifting system between Iberia and NW Africa. The model is constrained by plate kinematic reconstructions and assumes that both Alboran-Tethys and Algerian-Tethys plate segments are separated by a NW-SE transform zone enabling that subduction polarity changes from SE-dipping in the Alboran-Tethys segment to NW-dipping in the Algerian-Tethys segment. The model starts about late Eocene times at 36.5 Ma and the temporal evolution of the simulation is tied to the geological evolution by comparing the rates of convergence and trench retreat, and the onset and end of opening in the Alboran Basin. Curvature of the Alboran- Tethys slab is imposed by the pinning of its western edge when reaching the end of the transform zone in the adjacent west-Africa continental block. The progressive curvature of the trench explains the observed regional stress reorientation changing from N-S to NW-SE and to E-W in the central and western regions of the Alboran Basin. The increase of the retreat rates from the Alboran- Tethys to the Algerian-Tethys slabs is compatible with the west-to-east transition from continental-to-magmatic-to-oceanic crustal nature and with the massive and partially synchronous calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatism. Alkaline magmatism is related to the induced sublithospheric mantle flow by the double subduction system depicting a NE-SW upwelling trend., This work is funded by the SUBTETIS (PIE-CSIC-201830E039, CSIC), ALORBE (PIE- CSIC-202030E310), GeoCAM (PGC2018-095154-B-I00, Spanish Government), Equinor R&T Fornebu (Norway), and the Generalitat de Catalunya grant (AGAUR 2017 SGR 847). We also thank the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) through several projects (AECT-2019-1-0013 and AECT-2019-2-0005). S. Z. has been funded by the Spanish Ministry through Grant DPI2017-85139-C2-2-R, by the Catalan Government through Grant 2017-SGR-1278, and by the EU's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 777778. This work has been done in the framework of the Unidad Asociada of LACAN-UPC with CSIC and using the facilities of the Laboratory of Geodynamic Modeling from Geo3BCN-CSIC., Numerical experiments are named M1 and M2. M1: Alboran-Algerian system; M2: Alboran system, according to Figure S2 in Peral et al., 2022. Increasing numbers indicate different timesteps of each experiment., Peer reviewed

The database provides discrete measurements of carbon system parameters in water samples collected at 3 stations that form the marine time series GIFT during 33 oceanographic campaigns conducted over 2005–2021. Geographic coordinates of sampling stations are provided. Some physical data (i.e. pressure, temperature and salinity) are also included. Moreover, pH data obtained with a SAMI-pH sensor (Sunburst Sensors, LLC)) attached to a mooring line deployed in the Strait of Gibraltar for the years 2016 and 2017 are provided. During the cruises, a temperature and salinity profile was obtained with a Seabird 911Plus CTD probe. Seawater was subsequently collected for biogeochemical analysis using Niskin bottles immersed in an oceanographic rosette platform at variable depths (from 5 to 8 levels) depending on the instant position of the interface between the Atlantic and Mediterranean flows that was identified by CTD profiles. The biogeochemical variables shown in the database are pH in total scale at 25 °C (pHT25), total alkalinity (AT), and inorganic nutrients (phosphate, PO43and Silicate, SiO44−). pHT25 data were obtained by the spectrophotometric method with m-cresol purple as the indicator (Clayton & Byrne 1993). Samples were taken directly from the oceanographic bottles in 10 cm path-length optical glass cells and measurements were carried out with a Shimadzu UV-2401PC spectrophotometer containing a 25 °C-thermostated cells holder. Samples for AT analysis were collected in 500-ml borosilicate bottles, and poisoned with 100 μl of HgCl2-saturated aqueous solution and stored until measurement in the laboratory. AT was measured by potential titration according to Mintrop et al. (2000) with a Titroprocessor (model Metrohm 794 from 2005-2020 and model Metrothm 888 for 2021). Water samples (5 mL, two replicates) for inorganic nutrients determination were taken, filtered immediately (Whatman GF/F, 0.7 μm) and stored frozen for later analyses in the shore-based laboratory. Nutrients concentrations were measured with a continuous flow auto-analyzer using standard colorimetric techniques (Hansen & Koroleff 1999). 2. Methods for processing the data: 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret/reproduce the data, please indicate their location: 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission, please specify using CREDIT roles https://casrai.org/credit/: Chief Scientists -I.Emma Huertas/Susana Flecha; Hydro: Who -Susana Flecha/David Roque/Silvia Amaya-Vías/Angélica Enrique; Nuts: Who -Manuel Arjonilla/ Status - final; Silicate and Phosphate Autoanalizer Hansen and Koroleff (1999), This research was supported by the COMFORT project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 820989 (project COMFORT, "Our common future ocean in the Earth system – quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points).” Funding was also provided by the European projects CARBOOCEAN (FP6-511176), CARBOCHANGE (FP7-264879), PERSEUS (FP7-287600) and the Junta de Andalucía TECADE project (PY20_00293). The dataset is subject to a Creative Commons License Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. F.F.P. was supported by the BOCATS2 (PID2019-104279GB-C21) project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. SAV was supported by a pre-doctoral grant FPU19/04338 from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities., Peer reviewed

The data were generated by the authors in independent experiments, all performed in the same conditions and installations. All the experiments were performed twice and the data corresponding with trials 1 and 2 of the same set was compared to allow combination in the statistical analysis. Each trial was performed with new and fresh nematodes and insects, Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are excellent biocontrol agents against various insect pests. Novel biotechnological approaches can enhance their utility against insects above-ground, opening a new venue for selecting superior EPN against certain insects. We hypothesize that different populations of the same species but from different origins (habitat, ecoregion) will differ in their virulence. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of various EPN populations against two pests of worldwide incidence and damage to high value crops: Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). We tested 10 EPN populations belonging to three EPN species: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Koppert, MG-618b, AM-203, RM-102), Steinernema feltiae (Koppert, RS-5, AM-25, RM-107), and Steinernema carpocapsae (Koppert, MG-596a). Each EPN population was tested at two concentrations. Frankliniella occidentalis was tested at 160 and 80 IJs/cm2 and T. absoluta at 21 and 4 IJs/cm2. Control treatments followed the same experimental procedure but only adding distilled water. Overall, whenever different, higher IJs concentration resulted in lower adult emergence, higher larval mortality, and shorter time to kill the insects. Considering the low concentration, S. feltiae provided the best results for both insects and instars investigated, while H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae required a high concentration to reach similar or slightly better results. Differences among populations of each of the species were detected, but only the native populations of H. bacteriophora populations showed consistently higher control values against both insects/instar compared with the commercial one. Differences among S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae populations depended on the IJs concentration, insect, and instar. We consider S. feltiae a very promising species for their application against F. occidentalis and T. absoluta, with the Koppert population as the most consistent among the populations tested. Specific EPN-populations of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were good candidates against certain instar/insects at high concentrations. This study emphasized the importance of intraspecific variability for EPN virulence., Grants ICVV-CSIC and Koppert with the following references: 1) ref. 20194898 (ID CSIC 201912) 2) ref. 20200154 (ID CSIC 205137) 3) ref. 20202349 (ID CSIC 210825), 1) RCH is awarded by Ramon y Cajal contract award MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”: Grant RYC-2016-19939 from the Government of Spain 2) IVD is supported with a FPI-UR (2021) fellowship (Universidad de La Rioja, Spain). 3) MC is supported by a Moroccan scholarship for the Ministry of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Scientific Research, and the travel assistance associated with the grant CSIC I-COOP + 2018 grant (COOPA20231). 4) MMGT is funded by the Program JAE-Intro CSIC call 2020 (JAEINT20_EX_0939). 5) MP and DL are funded by an introduction to research fellowship from Government of La Rioja (CAR 2020)., Peer reviewed

We aimed at studying the mechanisms underneath the ascending and descending sections of the thermal performance curves in marine protozoans. To do so, we exposed Gyrodinium dominans and two strains of Oxyrrhis marina from different origins to three temperatures representative of each section of the thermal response curve (12ºC, ascending section; 18ºC, top; 25ºC, descending section). As variables, we measured growth, ingestion, and respiration rates (this latter with and without food). The growth rates of O. marina strains plotted as a function of temperature showed a triangular response with maximum values at the intermediate temperature. However, G. dominans showed similar growth rates at 12 and 18ºC, and even if showed a marked decrease in growth rates at 25ºC, this was not significant. Ingestion rates were higher at 18ºC for all the strains. The respiration rates of G. dominans were unaffected by temperature, but the respiration rates of both O. marina strains increased with temperature. The specific dynamic action produced by feeding activity ranged from 2 to 20% of the daily carbon ingestion for all organisms investigated. The calculated energetic budget indicated that the responses to temperature were diverse, even within strains of the same species. G. dominans maintained similar growth at all temperatures by balancing anabolism and catabolism functions. In O. marina strains, on the other hand, the decrease in growth rates at the lowest temperature was driven mainly by reduced ingestion rates. However, increased respiration seemed the primary factor affecting the decrease in growth rates at the highest temperature. These results are discussed in the light of previous studies and on its suitability to understand the response of wild organisms to fluctuations in temperature, This research was funded by Grant PID2020-118645RB-I00 by Ministerio de Ciencia e innovación (MCIN)/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. R.A.M. was funded by a PhD fellowship from the National Commission of Science (CONICYT), Ministry of Education, Chile. It is a contribution of the Marine Zooplankton Ecology Group (2017 SGR 87). With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Para 3 especies de protozoos marino: Tasa de respiración con y sin comida (µmol O2/ind/h), Tasa crecimiento (µ 1/d), Tasa de ingestion (cells/ind/d), Eficiencia bruta de crecimiento (GGE, %), Peer reviewed

This item is made of 3 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and two figures (cartesian and polar format) representing the mean spectrum.-- Dataset contributed to the Project STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155), 28118 Directional wave spectra obtained from ADCP currents between June 2013 and August 2014 in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia, Atlantic Ocean), STRAMIX project. First, last and mean spectra were included separately. Waves Monitor Software (RDI) was used to obtain the 28118 individual wave spectra. Criteria applied to compute parameters were: 20 minutes bursts with tilt and current correction every 10 minutes, maximum wave period of 28.6 s, sea-swell transition period of 7.3 s, 256 frequency bands, and 180 angles, Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) research project. Another project contributing to the processing of this dataset was the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project “STRAUSS” (PID2019-106008RB-C21). N.Villacieros-Robineau was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290), No

Data Mixing Dynamics dataset, Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] Collection of data from extraction of articles retrieved from the literature (Web of Knowledge and SCOPUS, accessed July 2015 and updated May 2021). Papers reporting estimates of the effect of coastal plants on current and wave attenuation in vegetated coastal habitats identified using search terms: “Seagrass*” [All Fields] OR “Mangrove*” [All Fields] OR “Salt marsh*” [All Fields] OR “Macrophyte*” [All Fields] AND “engine*” [All Fields] OR “wave attenuation” [All Fields] OR “flow modification” [All Fields]. The in total 963 papers retrieved were analyzed for quantitative estimates, supplemented with papers and documents containing data meeting the requirements of the analyses contained within the references of the papers retrieved, resulting in a data set containing a total of 1372 estimates derived from 95 individual articles with a temporal cover from 1982 to 2020., [Methods for processing the data] Results from field and laboratory studies were used, but not numerical models. When information was given for multiple observations with different vegetation parameters and/or hydrodynamic parameters, we included several data points per study, but only included 1 measurement (max. distance) when the same structural parameters had repeated measurements for different distances within the vegetation. Where authors reported values for current reduction these were used directly, always making sure a non-vegetated (bare) reference value was used to calculate reduction in the vegetation. When data was (re)calculated from separate reported values the formulas used for current reduction, dU, were calculated as: dU/U0 = (U0-Uv)/U0 With U as the current speed over a reference unvegetated region U0 and through a vegetated region Uv in m s-1 respectively. Where the information was provided in the selected studies, we calculated the wave energy reduction, dE, defined as (Knutson et al. 1982): dE/E0 = ((E0-Ev))/E0 Where E is the energy without vegetation (E0) and within the vegetation (Ev) respectively. The wave height reduction per meter r (Mazda et al 1997) was calculated as: r = dH/(H0x) = ((H0-Hv))/(H0x) Where x is the length of the vegetation field. When multiple measurements were done with the same vegetation settings (i.e. density, water height) at different distances into the vegetation, we took the maximum distance evaluated. The effect of vegetation on current and wave attenuation was represented by the decay coefficients, KiH, (Kobayashi et al., 1993) and KiU (m-1), representing the relative decrease in significant wave height (KiH), and current velocity (KiU) with distance into the vegetated fringe (x, bed length) calculated as, kiH=1/x ln(1-dH/H0 )=1/x ln(Kt ) and kiU=1/x ln(1-dU/U0 ) Where Kt is the wave transmission coefficient. We used the same literature sources that were used for the data were collection, to compile relevant vegetation structural parameters, specifically, shoot or stem density and emergence ratio (defined as hveg/h). For stiffness we used Young’s bending modulus (E, in N mm-2), when this parameter was not available from the same source, we completed the data with species specific values from literature (e.g. Zhu et al. 2020 for salt marshes, de los Santos et al. 2016; La Nafie et al. 2012; Soissons et al. 2017 for seagrasses and van Hespen et al. 2021 for mangroves). When no value was known, the value for the family was used or an average for the group (i.e., saltmarsh, seagrass, etc.) obtained from the compiled values., [Relationship between files] Readme provides background information for xlsx datafile., [People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission] https://casrai.org/credit . Idea and concept C.M.D and I.J.L, design and discussion of content during workshops I.E.H., N.M., B.v.W., T.J.B., I.J.L, C.M.D. Database compilation I.E.H, M.M., A.G.M and N.M. Analysis of data I.E.H.. All authors contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript., Funding for this data collection supplied by the MedShift project, CGL2015-71809-P (MINECO/FEDER) and baseline funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology to C.M.D. I.E.H. was supported by grant RYC-2014-15147, co-funded by the Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme of the Balearic Government (Pla de ciència, tecnologia, innovació i emprenedoria 2013-2017) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness., Data_coastal_vegetation_adaptation.xlsx, readme.txt, Peer reviewed

The dataset is composed of several images named as: type of crop_date_number.png., [Methodological information] The data were acquired using the RGB camera TRI016S-CC RGB from Lucid Vision Labs equipped with the SV-0614V lens (resolution: 1.6 MP; FoV: 54.6° × 42.3°)., [Environmental/experimental conditions] The data were acquired by manually operating a mobile platform during different time periods and weather conditions in the same season., [People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission] Jesus Herrera-Diaz (Methodology), Luis Emmi (Investigation), Pablo Gonzalez-de-Santos (Supervision)., This dataset is part of a the WeLASER project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101000256., Peer reviewed

The dataset is composed of several images named as: type of crop_date_number.png., [Methodological information] The data were acquired using the RGB camera TRI016S-CC RGB from Lucid Vision Labs equipped with the SV-0614V lens (resolution: 1.6 MP; FoV: 54.6° × 42.3°)., [Environmental/experimental conditions] The data were acquired by manually operating a mobile platform during different time periods and weather conditions in the same season., [People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission] Jesus Herrera-Diaz (Methodology), Luis Emmi (Investigation), Pablo Gonzalez-de-Santos (Supervision)., This dataset is part of a the WeLASER project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101000256., Peer reviewed

This study was part of the SoilClim project (https://www.biodiversa.org/976) and carried out in the DOK agricultural trial in Therwil, Switzerland. The DOK trial is an agricultural long-term farming system research that is comparing biodynamic, organic and conventional farming systems, under the same 7-year crop rotation and equal ploughing depth (20 cm), for more than 40 years. The soil is a Haplic Luvisol (16% clay, 72% silt and 12% sand) on deep deposits of alluvial loess. Mean annual precipitation is 842 mm, and mean annual temperature is 10.5°C. For the current study, winter wheat fields (Triticum aestivum L. cv. “Wiwa”) under biodynamic (organic) and conventional management were used with soybean as preceding crop. In fields under organic (biodynamic) management the guidelines for ‘Demeter’ food production were followed; while fields under conventional management were managed according to the Swiss Guidelines. For more information on the types of management and inputs applied during the experiment see Kundel et al. (2020), Birkhofer et al. (2021) and Meyer et al. (2021). + Experimental design The experiment consisted of four blocks (A–D), each one containing one organic (BIODYN) and one conventional (CONMIN) field. Every field included three plots with different precipitation treatments: a partial rainout shelter (Roof - 2.5 m × 2.5 m, 1.3–1.7 m height) that reduced precipitation by 65%; a rainout shelter control (Roof Control), which did not reduce precipitation, but allowed knowing possible artefacts derived from the shelters; and an open field (Control) without a shelter. In total, there were 24 experimental plots (i.e., four replicated fields in two farming systems with three precipitation treatments each). The rainout-shelters were installed from mid-March 2017 (during wheat tillering stage) until June of that same year (shortly before wheat harvesting). Details on the design and installation of the rainout shelters are available in Kundel et al. (2018)., The experiment consisted of four blocks (A–D), each one containing one organic (BIODYN) and one conventional (CONMIN) field. Every field included three plots with different precipitation treatments: a partial rainout shelter (Roof - 2.5 m × 2.5 m, 1.3–1.7 m height) that reduced precipitation by 65%; a rainout shelter control (Roof Control), which did not reduce precipitation, but allowed knowing possible artefacts derived from the shelters; and an open field (Control) without a shelter. In total, there were 24 experimental plots (i.e., four replicated fields in two farming systems with three precipitation treatments each). The rainout-shelters were installed from mid-March 2017 (during wheat tillering stage) until June of that same year (shortly before wheat harvesting). Details on the design and installation of the rainout shelters are available in Kundel et al. (2018, The SoilClim project was financed by the BiodivERsA COFUND (2015–2016 call), in concert with the following national funders: the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Swedish Research Council (Formas), the Estonian Research Council (ETAG), and the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation (MICINN, ref.: PCIN-2016-045). The DOK trial is funded through the Swiss Federal Office of Agriculture (FOAG)., 1_BaitLamina_Depth_Database_(GLMM)_Gavin-Centol_et_al_2022.xls 2_BaitLamina_RAI_Database_(GLM)_Gavin-Centol_et_al_2022.xls 3_BaitLamina_Database_(RF)_Gavin-Centol_et_al_2022.xls, Peer reviewed