BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Supplementary Material to Guerra JG, Cabello F, Fernández-Quintanilla C, Peña JM and Dorado J (2022) Plant functional diversity is affected by weed management through processes of trait convergence and divergence. Front. Plant Sci. 13:993051. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993051, Weed management involving tillage and/or herbicides has generally led to a decline of plant diversity in agroecosystems, with negative impacts on ecosystem services provision. The use of plant covers has become the predominant alternative in vineyard management, with numerous studies focusing on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of plant covers compared to the aforementioned management. Although the impacts of weed management on taxonomic diversity have been widely studied, many gaps remain on their effects on plant functional diversity. As plant functional diversity is linked to the delivery of key ecosystem services in agroecosystems, understanding these effects could enable the development of more sustainable practices. From 2008 to 2018, a long-term trial was carried out in a Mediterranean vineyard to assess different agricultural practices. In this article, we examined how weed management, as well as irrigation use, could affect plant functional diversity. Based on 10 functional traits, such as plant height, specific leaf area or seed mass, we measured different indices of functional diversity and used null models to detect processes of trait convergence and divergence. Our results revealed that weed management and irrigation use had a significant effect on plant functional diversity. Mown plots showed the highest functional richness but were functionally convergent, since mowing was a strong functional filter on most of the traits. Tillage also behaved as a functional filter on some vegetative traits, but favored the divergence of certain reproductive traits. Herbicide-treated and irrigated plots showed the highest values of functional divergence by promoting more competitive species with more divergent trait values. The effect of weed management on these community assembly processes was shaped by the use of irrigation in vineyard rows, leading to functional divergence in those vegetative traits related to resource acquisition and seed mass. These results suggest that greater functional diversity may be associated with the bias caused by higher occurrence of competitive species (e.g. Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus asper) with contrasting values for certain traits. Therefore, since these species are considered harmful to crops, higher plant functional diversity might not be a desirable indicator in agroecosystems., Peer reviewed

There are three items: the first one (Dacal_et_al_2020_Rcode_final) contains the R code to perform the analyses. The second one (Dacal_et_al_2020_Rcode_readme) contains information about the R and all the packages' versions used in our study, whereas the third one (Dacal_et_al_2020_ResDATA_final) is the database. In the latter item there are two spreadsheets. The spreadsheet "DATA" contains the raw data at a microsite scale. The spreadsheet "METADATA" contains the associated metadata, where a description of all the variables and units can be found. All the methodological details can be found in the article., R code and Data from "Dacal, M., Delgado-Baquerizo,M., Barquero, J., Berhe, A.A., Gallardo, A., Maestre, F. T. & García- Palacios, P. Temperature increases soil respiration across ecosystem types and soil development, but soil properties determine the magnitude of this effect. Ecosystems. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00648-2", Peer reviewed

572_2022_1083_MOESM1_ESM = Appendix 1. Supplementary Tables and Figures.-- 572_2022_1083_MOESM2_ESM = Appendix 2. Supplementary Methods, Appendix 1. Supplementary Tables and Figures: Table S1. Soil abiotic variables (A) and ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity indices (B) by host plant and season at each site (mean ± standard error). Means not sharing a letter differ significantly according to Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05). OM: organic matter; GM: gravimetric moisture. S: fungal richness; NTI: nearest taxon index.-- Table S2. Variations of ectomycorrhizal fungal community Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) at different spatial scales (regional, local, plot, host plant) compared with null expectations (t test). Mean NTI values with their respective confidence intervals (CI) at 95% are shown at each habitat scale. Asterisks on t value for a given site and habitat scale denote significant differences between observed and null communities: ‘***’ p < 0.001. No variation across scales was detected (tested via Tukey’ test).-- Table S3. Loadings of Principal Component Analysis axes (PCA) in relation with explanatory variables used to calculate PCA: soil variables (OM = organic matter; GM = gravimetric moisture), phylogeny of plant species (decomposed via Principal Coordinates Analysis, PCOAs), and spatial variables (decomposed as Principal Coordinates of Neighbour Matrices, PCNMs). Variables that heavily loaded a PCA axis are marked in bold. PCA axes were classed as environmental measured variables (ENV MEASURED) when heavier loadings were associated with the measured soil variables and PCoAs; spatial variables when PCA axes were loaded by PNCM (SPATIAL); and spatially-structured environmental unmeasured variables in the cases when spatial variables significantly explained βNTI in the dbRDA (ENV UNMEASURED).-- Table S4. Correlations among ECM fungal community phylogenetic turnover (βNTI) with relative abundance of ECM fungal taxa at Family level. Phylogenetic turnover was described by calculating the PCoA axes. Only the axes significantly related with PCAs 4 (PCoAs 5, 9 and 36) and 9 (PCoAs 44 and 57) were used in correlations with fungal families. Significant Spearman correlations are marked in bold and with codes: ‘**’ < 0.01; ‘*’ < 0.05; ‘.’ < 0.1.-- Appendix 2. Supplementary Methods., Peer reviewed

Additional characterization information on particle size and size distribution, Raman spectra, HRTEM, Rietveld and PDF refinements, EELS, and magnetization curves., Peer reviewed

Diffusion MRI files in Nifti format (DWI in nifti + B-matrix in txt) for 37 pateints with Alcohol use disorders and 20 control subjects. In addition to their demographics, Agencia Estatal de Investigación. Grant Numbers: CEX2021-001165-S, PID2021-128158NB-C21, PID2021-128909NA-I00 Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana. Grant Numbers: CIDEGENT/2021/015, CIPROM/2022/15 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme. Grant Number: 668863-SyBil-AA HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions. Grant Number: 713673 'la Caixa' Foundation. Grant Number: LCF/BQ/DI18/11660067 Vetenskapsrådet. Grant Number: 2013-07434, Peer reviewed

Complementary Measurements. S1. Intensity of incident light vs. polarizer angle. S2. Cantilever-bending experimental setup. S3. Fitting of closed-circuit photocurrent and open-circuit photovoltage. S4. Examination of the role of electrode interfaces. S5. Polarization dependence of photovoltaic for MAPbI3 single crystal. S6. Morphology of MAPbBr3 microcrystals and lack of tip-indentation damage . S7. I-V curves of MAPB crystal under AFM tip forces. S8. Photocurrent and voltage vs time for given set-points. S9. Flexo-photovoltaic effect of MAPB single crystal by working with a sharper tip. S10. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations for contact between AFM tips and MAPB single crystals., Peer reviewed

MRM parameters, limit of detection, and LOQ of the separate gallic acid and alkyl gallates obtained by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in negative ionization mode, Table Supplementary 1. Multiple reaction monitoring parameters, limit of detection, and limit of quantification of the separate gallic acid and alkyl gallates obtained by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in negative ionization mode. HIGHLIGHTS, Peer reviewed

Supplementary figures: Figure S1: photographic pictures of the experiment (a) Homemade electrochemical cell (b) Raman measurements and (c) 0.025% wt rGO-based nanofluids: left suspended in H2SO4 1M, centre suspended in 0.05%TRX and H2SO4 1M, and right suspended in 0.1%TRX and H2SO4 1M; and Figure S2: Peak position of three Raman modes of H2SO4 shown in Figure 2 in the main text: (a)-(c) modes of base fluid, (d)-(e) 0.0 % TRX, (g)-(i) 0.5% TRX and (j)-(l) 1.0% TRX., Peer reviewed

Data and analysis script to reproduce all the figures of the paper "Low disorder and high valley splitting in silicon"., QLSI grant EU H2020 agreement No. 951852 OTP with project number 16278, Peer reviewed

The supplementary material contains Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) patterns obtained from an example orthorhombic Pbnm single crystal substrate, examples where we apply our adaptation of GPA to visualize other lattice distortions or defects, and methods used to calculate the strain state of the epitaxial films on different substrates., Peer reviewed