BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

FORCLIM-7 Cruise (29SG20090401) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2009, The objective is to achieve a significant improvement in markers of palaeoclimate, athorough study of the ecology of these ecosystems in ogan current Gulf of Biscay, in combination with modeling. A surface-tethered drifting cone-shaped type PPS-5 Technicap sediment trap with a circular 1 m2 opening, and an 8 mm baffle-grid, was deployed for three consecutive times between April 7 and 19, 2009, to sample the flux of planktic foraminifer tests over a spring phytoplankton bloom in the central Bay of Biscay

BURATO-1 Cruise (29SG20101016) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2010, Geophysical survey in the Western continental Galicia margin in the scope of a research project to investigate a giant pockmark discovered in this margin, known as the Gran Burato. The characteristic fauna of the area has also been studied

BLUENODULES-1 Cruise (29SG20180806) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2018, The aim of the Blue Nodules field test is to carry out technical and environmental performance tests with a scale model of a polymetallic nodule collector vehicle developed within the EU funded Blue Nodules project. The model nodule collector vehicle, with dimensions of approximately 5 m x 2 m x 2 m, weighing 1500 kg in air and 300 kg in water, and connected to the ship via an umbilical cable for hoisting, power supply and data exchange, will be lowered on weakly sloping muddy seabed between 200 and 500 m depth to carry out a test program for assessing performance of its propulsion and nodule collector system. Minimizing environmental impact is an important goal of the Blue Nodules project, and therefore assessment of environmental effects will be an integral part of the test program, with particular attention to disturbance of the surface sediment layer, formation of sediment plumes and underwater noise

FRAME-OBS Cruise (29SG20180827) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2018, The formation processes of continental margins define the configuration of the different geological domains that compose them, their rheology and geometry, and nature of their boundaries . The rheological changes caused by the lithospheric cooling after its formation, modifies its kinematic behavior and the style of deformation, leading to the establishment of a new convergent margin and eventally a new subduction zone. The rheological weaknesses originated during the extensional phase deeply condition the tectonic reactivation during the convergence phase, defining the mode of deformation and the geological risks. To better understand the processes of margin formation, as well as the influence of the structures originated during the extension phase in the style of margin deformation during the convergence phase, the FRAME project proposes to conduct a detailed study of the tectonic structure and properties in the West and Southwest Iberian margin. For this, we will use wide-angle seismic methods wirh Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) recordings in combination with existing seismological data. The main objectives are to (1) determine the crustal structure, physical properties and location of the geological domains using seismic refraction and magnetotellurics; (2) define the tectonic structure and geometry of the limits using multichannel reflection seismics; (3) combine the structural and rheological information with local seismicity data from marine seismological networks to identify active faults and their seismogenic significance. The choice of the study area is justified by three factors. First, it is a classic example of non-volcanic margin, which have been used to establish some of the most widely accepted concepts concerning their formation and evolution. However, these theories are based on old geophysical data. The modern data tio be acquired in this project will allow to challenge the current conceptual models. Secondly, it is a unique example of margin, formed during the opening of the Atlantic margins in the Mesozoic, and in its southern part was reactivated during the Neogene compression and until today. Several recent studies suggest that some of the inherited structures play a key role in understanding its current deformation. Secondly, it is one of the regions of Europe with a higher geological risk, as evidenced by its long history of destructive earthquakes and tsunamis, especially the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 of M~8.5. Our ultimate goal is to bring new information to adress realistically these open questions

ORCA Cruise (29SG20181116) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2018, Cosmic rays are high energy protons and atomic nuclei arriving to the Earth coming from the outer universe. Their study is very interesting because of the information they provide about their origin, the solar activity and the magnetosphere, among others. ORCA (Observatorio de Rayos Cosmicos Antartico) is a cosmic ray observatory aimed to study them with unprecedented accuracy in the Antarctic area. ORCA is composed by a neutron monitor (NEMO), a muon telescope (MITO) and a detector of the Trasgo familiy (TRISTAN). All the detectors with gather cosmic ray data on board of the Sarmiento de Gamboa oceanographic vessel along the journey between Spain and South America, before being installed in the Juan Carlos I Spanish Antarctic Base. Some of the main goals are to study the solar activity, the Earth magnetic field and the influence of the atmosphere in the cosmic ray data measured with ground detectors

Population sizes, threats, and abundance change through time, for monitored plants in the Aragon Region (Spain) between 2010 and 2019., Regional Government of Aragón, the European Project RESECOM (LIFE+12 NAT/ES/000180), the OAPN (DYNBIO, grant 1656/2015), the Research Spanish Agency (VULBIMON, grant CGL2017-90040-R), and the Diputación Provincial de Huesca (2019), Peer reviewed

This item includes the dataset used in the analyses published in the article entitled: "Intraspecific genetic differentiation in a hybridizing Anacyclus species in western Mediterranean". Besides, it includes the results of unpublished analyses performed for this work., The European Regional Development Fund and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2010-18039). The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2011-048197). The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BVA 2010-0375)., No

S_1_Meteorological data: This study reports daily meteorological data from 131 automatic weather stations belonging to the General Directorate of Waters (Center for Climate and Resilience Research, 2020; DGA, 2020) of Chile and Soquimich (SQM). The weather stations are located at elevations ranging from 1900 to 5100 m a.s.l., The data is a compilation of information from previous studies and during the study published in “Spatial Distribution of Factors Controlling Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in Northern Chile”., Peer reviewed

S_2_Isotope data: In the Salar de Atacama study, 5 Palmex passive precipitation samplers (Gröning et al., 2012) were installed at different sites in the Salar de Atacama basin to support this study. Samples were collected in 30 mL polyethylene bottles. Seventeen accumulated rainwater samples of various rainwater events were obtained in the period 2017-2019. All these samples were analysed for δ18O and δ2H at the University of Waterloo-Environmental Isotope Laboratory (uwEILAB) using a Los Gatos Research Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (LGR-OA-ICOS) Laser System. The analytical uncertainty is ±0.2‰ for δ18O and ±0.8‰ for δ2H. Additionally, isotopic data in the study area from previously published studies were included in this analysis (Alpers and Whittemore, 1990; Aravena et al., 1999, 1989; Cortecci et al., 2005; CRICYT, 2017; Fritz et al., 1981; Godfrey et al., 2019; Herrera et al., 2016, 2006; Lagos, 2016; López et al., 2016; Moran et al., 2019; Uribe et al., 2015). The dataset consists of 300 isotope analyses in the 1973-2017 period for rain and snow samples accumulated daily or monthly. The water isotope standard is the Mean Ocean Water: Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) and Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW)., The data is a compilation of information from previous studies and during the study published in “Spatial Distribution of Factors Controlling Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in Northern Chile”., Peer reviewed

Eutrophication is a major cause of wetland degradation worldwide. In recent decades, reductions in nutrient inputs have led to improvements in water quality in many rivers and lakes in central and northern Europe, but long-term trends are less clear in southern Europe. We conducted the first comprehensive study of water quality in Doñana (SW Spain), one of the most important wetland complexes in Europe and the Mediterranean region. The core area of Doñana is a large shallow, seasonal marsh (UNESCO World Heritage Site—WHS) that floods during rainy, cool winter months, then dries out during the summer. The marsh is fed by three main streams whose catchments are within a Biosphere Reserve but are impacted by greenhouses (for cultivating fruit, irrigated with groundwater), poorly treated urban wastewaters and tourism. From 2013 to 2016, we monitored nutrient (Total P, Total N, PO4−3, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (chla) concentrations in surface waters of the Doñana marsh and the three main streams. We quantified changes in greenhouse cover since 1995 using satellite images. Nutrient concentrations in streams were consistently higher than in the marsh, particularly in the Partido and Rocina streams that regularly reached concentrations equivalent to a “bad physico-chemical status” under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), and whose catchments suffered a fivefold expansion of greenhouses from 1995 to 2016. The Partido was the most polluted stream, and the most affected by wastewater effluents, and had particularly high concentrations of NH4+ (Geometric Mean = 0.3 mg L−1) and NO2− (GM = 0.52 mg L−1) across seasons. Patterns in chla concentrations were less consistent, but streams (GM = 6.78 µg L−1) generally had higher concentrations than the marsh (GM = 4.27 µg L−1). Nutrient concentrations in spot samples within the marsh largely depended on a combination of evaporation (as revealed by higher stable isotope δ2H values in the water column) and spatial processes (concentrations increase close to stream entry points, where conductivity is lower). Anthropogenic nutrient pollution in entry streams is a serious problem in Doñana, with extensive stretches too toxic for fish. Reinforcement of policies aimed at reducing nutrient inputs to Doñana are urgently required to meet the biodiversity conservation and environmental objectives for the WHS and WFD, respectively. Paradoxically, the marsh is currently relied upon to purify the water entering from streams., With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Peer reviewed