Resultados de investigación

Material docente de introducción a la fisiología digestiva orientado a presentar, de forma global y ordenada, cómo se organiza y cómo funciona el sistema digestivo, así como los mecanismos que coordinan su motilidad, secreción y regulación neuroendocrina y microbiana, El documento ofrece una introducción estructurada a la fisiología digestiva, comenzando por la distinción entre alimentación y nutrición y avanzando hacia la organización funcional del aparato digestivo. Se expone de manera integrada fisiológica e histológica básica del tubo digestivo, las funciones motoras gastrointestinales y las propiedades electromecánicas de la fibra muscular lisa, con especial atención al papel de las células intersticiales de Cajal y a los distintos patrones de motilidad. Además, desarrolla los principales mecanismos de control del sistema digestivo, integrando regulación nerviosa intrínseca y extrínseca, control endocrino mediante hormonas gastrointestinales y la influencia moduladora de la microbiota intestinal dentro del eje intestino-cerebro.

Cómo citar: Oliveira, Andrea; Zeler, Ileana & Ruiz-Mora,Isabel (Coord.). (2025, junio 02). Relaciones Públicas y Desinformación (No3) [Episodio de Audio Podcast.] En Relaciones Públicas al Descubierto., Descubre, con María-Isabel Míguez-González (Profesora Titular en el departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad en la Universidade de Vigo y grupo de investigación en comunicación para el servicio público (SEPCOM), María Laura García (Presidenta del Comité Empresarial del World Innovation and Change Management Institute ) y Leticia Rodríguez Fernández (Profesora Titular en el Departamento de Marketing y Comunicación y directora general de Comunicación Estratégica en la Universidad de Cádiz), cómo las Relaciones Públicas pueden ayudar a la sociedad a afrontar el reto de la desinformación con una visión crítica y prospectiva, Asociación de Investigadores en Relaciones Públicas (AIRP)

AGUDIZACIÓN DE LA EPOC (AEPOC), La Agudización de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (AEPOC) se define según la GesEPOC 2021 como un “episodio de inestabilidad clínica en un paciente EPOC como consecuencia del agravamiento de la limitación espiratoria al flujo aéreo o del proceso inflamatorio subyacente y se caracteriza por un empeoramiento agudo de los síntomas respiratorios respecto de la situación basal del individuo”., Yes

Anàlisis geoquímiques i fotos de visu i microscòpia de les mostres que integren la col·lecció de geostandards del Museu de Geologia Valentí Masachs (UPC Manresa). Análisis geoquímicas y fotos de visu y microscopio de las muestras que integran la colección de geostandares del Museo de Geología Valentí Masachs (UPC Manresa). Geochemical analyses and hand and microscopy pictures of the samples belonging to the geostandards collection of the Valenti Masachs Geology Museum (UPC Manresa). Analyses géochimiques et photographies au microscope et visu des échantillons qui forment la collection de geostandards du Musée de Géologie Valentí Masachs (UPC Manresa)., 1

The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is linked to inflammation. We hypothesize that metabolites implicated in this pathway may be associated with the risk of heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to prospectively analyze the associations of kynurenine-related metabolites with the risk of HF and AF and to analyze a potential effect modification by the randomized interventions of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Two case-control studies nested within the PREDIMED trial were designed. We selected 324 incident HF cases and 502 incident AF cases individually matched with ≤3 controls. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted. Interactions with the intervention were tested for each of the baseline plasma metabolites measured by LC-tandem MS. Higher baseline kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (OR for 1 SD: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.43) and higher levels of kynurenic acid (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40) were associated with HF. Quinolinic acid was associated with AF (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32) and HF (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.49). The MedDiet intervention modified the positive associations of kynurenine (Pinteraction = 0.006), kynurenic acid (Pinteraction = 0.008), and quinolinic acid (Pinteraction = 0.033) with HF and the association between kynurenic acid and AF (Pinteraction = 0.02). We found that tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites were prospectively associated with higher HF risk and to a lesser extent with AF risk. Moreover, an effect modification by MedDiet was observed for the association between plasma baseline kynurenine-related metabolites and the risk of HF, showing that the positive association of increased levels of these metabolites and HF was restricted to the control group., Sí

Background: Consumption of a Mediterranean diet, adequate levels of physical activity, and energy-restricted lifestyle interventions have been individually associated with improvements in HDL functions. Evidence of intensive interventions with calorie restriction and physical activity is, however, scarce. Objectives: To determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet plus physical activity enhanced HDL function compared to a non-hypocaloric Mediterranean eating pattern without physical activity. Methods: In 391 older adults with metabolic syndrome (mean age, 65 years; mean BMI, 33.3 kg/m2) from 1 of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus trial centers, we evaluated the impact of a 6-month intervention with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet plus physical activity (intensive lifestyle; n = 190) relative to a nonrestrictive Mediterranean diet without physical activity (control; n = 201) on a set of HDL functional traits. These included cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL oxidative/inflammatory index, HDL oxidation, and levels of complement component 3, serum amyloid A, sphingosine-1-phosphate, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV, C-III, and E in apoB-depleted plasma. Results: The intensive-lifestyle intervention participants displayed greater 6-month weight reductions (-3.83 kg; 95% CI: -4.57 to -3.09 kg) but no changes in HDL cholesterol compared with control-diet participants. Regarding HDL functional traits, the intensive lifestyle decreased triglyceride levels (-0.15 mg/g protein; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.014 mg/g protein) and apoC-III (-0.11 mg/g protein; 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.026 mg/g protein) compared to the control diet, with weight loss being the essential mediator (proportions of mediation were 77.4% and 72.1% for triglycerides and apoC-III levels in HDL, respectively). Conclusions: In older adults with metabolic syndrome, an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet plus physical activity improved the HDL triglyceride metabolism compared with a nonrestrictive Mediterranean diet without physical activity. This trial is registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870., This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers: CB06/03/0028, CD17/00122, IFI16/00012, PI15/00047, PI18/00020, and P19/00017), Fundació La Marató de TV3 (grant number: 201512.31), Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (grant number: 2017 BP 00021, 2017 SGR 222, SLT002/16/00088), and the European Regional Development Fund., Sí

Recent years have seen great advances in the use of clinical ultrasound imaging in both hospital emergency departments and out-of-hospital settings. However, all new techniques require up-to-date definitions of competencies relevant to the clinical realities of different specialties and the geographic settings in which specialists work. To that end, a group of experts in clinical ultrasound reviewed the evidence available in the literature and strictly applied the Delphi method to define the competencies relevant to emergency physicians. The group worked with the starting premise that clinical ultrasound imaging should be a common competency across the specialty., En los últimos años se han producido grandes avances en el uso de la ecografía clínica tanto en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios como en el ámbito extrahospitalario. Sin embargo, toda nueva técnica requiere de definiciones actualizadas de competencias relevantes para las realidades clínicas de las diferentes especialidades y los entornos geográficos en los que trabajan los especialistas. Para ello, un grupo de expertos en ecografía clínica revisó la evidencia disponible en la literatura y aplicó estrictamente el método Delphi para definir las competencias relevantes para los médicos de urgencias. El grupo trabajó con la premisa de partida de que la ecografía clínica debería ser una competencia común para toda la especialidad., Yes

Background: Low-cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery secondary to systemic hypoperfusion is associated with a higher incidence of renal and neurological damage. A range of effective therapies are available for LCOS. The beneficial systemic effects of levosimendan persist even after cardiac output is restored, which suggests an independent cardioprotective effect. Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was conducted in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LCOS randomized into two treatment groups (levosimendan vs. dobutamine). Monitoring of hemodynamic (cardiac index, systolic volume index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, central venous saturation); biochemical (e.g. creatinine, S100B protein, NT-proBNP, troponin I); and renal parameters was performed using acute kidney injury scale (AKI scale) and renal and brain ultrasound measurements [vascular resistance index (VRI)] at diagnosis and during the first 48 h. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in terms of cardiac index, systolic volume index, NT-proBNP, and kidney injury stage at diagnosis. In the levosimendan group, there were significant variations in AKI stage after 24 and 48 h. No significant differences were observed in the other parameters studied. Conclusion: Levosimendan showed a beneficial effect on renal function in LCOS patients after cardiac surgery that was independent from cardiac output and vascular tone. This effect is probably achieved by pharmacological postconditioning., LG is supported by the Miguel Servet program from the ISCIII (Spain) (“Miguel Servet II” program, CPII18/00030) and Nicolas Monardes program from the Consejería de Salud de Andalucía (Spain) (C-0028-2018). CS is supported by a grant from the ISCIII (Spain) (“PFIS” program, FI16/00241). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) is an ISCIII project (Spain)., Sí

Objectives: The use of intraosseous (IO) access is recommended in cardiac arrest when peripheral venous access is not accessible. Various methodologies exist that are used for teaching and learning about cannulation of the IO route both in education and in research. The purpose of the present study was to compare self-efficacy in the cannulation technique for IO access through different techniques. Methods: A randomized comparative study was conducted. A total of 118 nursing students participated. The participants were randomly distributed into 2 intervention groups: chicken bone and egg. A checklist was used for data collection to evaluate the IO cannulation technique in nursing students and another to analyze self-efficacy. Results: The average total score of self-efficacy for all participants was 8.84 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.98). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the total self-efficacy score and the intervention group ( U = 1604.500; z = -0.733; P = 0.463). No statistically significant differences were found between both groups for the average total score of the procedure ( U = 6916.500; z = -0.939; P = 0.348). The egg group carried out the IO cannulation procedure in a significantly less amount of time (M = 126.88, SD = 82.18) than the chicken bone group (M = 183.77, SD = 108.28), finding statistically significant differences ( U = 4983.500; z = -5.326; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Using an egg to teach and learn about IO access could be considered a methodology that is equally effective as using a chicken bone, with the advantage of achieving IO access in a lesser amount of time., Yes

El proyecto de investigación ALZARQ (PID2020-115790RB-I00) financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, tiene como uno de sus objetivos principales determinar, cuantitativamente, cuáles son las variables espaciales y ambientales óptimas para que, alguien afectado por la enfermedad de alzhéimer (EA) durante las primeras fases (leve e intermedia), pueda desarrollar sus Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD) el mayor tiempo posible de forma autónoma y/o con la ayuda del entorno. Otro objetivo es establecer pautas proyectuales y constructivas para diseñar entornos asistidos para los que los enfermos, familiares y cuidadores puedan vivir en su hábitat de forma segura, autónoma y accesible. Para establecer los parámetros arquitectónicos de partida se analizan los espacios y ambientes empleados en diferentes experiencias internacionales (residencias, dementia villages, centros de día, etc.), construidos exprofeso para este grupo poblacional con EA. Este dataset muestra los resultados del análisis realizado al equipamiento residencial: Sun City Ginza East, en Tokio, Japón; de los arquitectos Perkins Eastman; en 2006. Se presentan varias fichas que muestran información sobre el edificio y los principales espacios domésticos habitados por estos usuarios con objeto de tener una visión amplia de los aspectos más importantes del entorno que inciden en su vida diaria. Así se puede identificar la repetición de determinadas pautas empleadas en su diseño, y a partir de aquí establecer los principales parámetros arquitectónicos que son básicos para la construcción y definición funcional de esos equipamientos residenciales., A. Emplazamiento y ubicación. B. Planimetría. C. Esquema funcional. D. Tablas de datos. E. Fotografías e imágenes. F. Dibujos, perspectivas, modelados y esquemas. G. Técnica y construcción