BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

GALINCLIMARCH-2 Cruise (29SG20120423) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2012, To study the climatic changes that have taken place in the last 50,000 years o o objection of the oceanographic campaign Galinclimarch. The sediments of the Galician Interior Basin realm are capable of recording the peculiar conditions of the last glacial‐interglacial dynamics transition into the current interglacial and their evolution into present day, as they are influenced by the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) and because their proximity to the important continental land‐mass of western Iberia. The knowledge of the rates and magnitudes of change of this system is critical to understand its climate dynamics, processes and feedbacks, and hence its role on a local to sub‐regional scale. The inference of these climatic mechanisms encrypted in the deep‐sea sedimentary record needs to constrain the spatial and temporal scales of the sedimentary processes involved, in particular the identification of source areas, pathways and transport, storage times and hydrodynamic conditions. To adequately assess these encrypted sedimentary archives it is instrumental to identify the sedimentary expression of the main processes and forcements involved and accurately determine the spatial and temporal scales, rates and magnitudes of the processes and feedbacks that generate these records. This proposal aims to carry out a high‐resolution reconstruction of the transport time,provenance, sediment fluxes, wave climate, bottom‐current variability and post‐depositional alteration in a number of surficial samples and cores from the Galician Interior Basin. This project will provide a first insight into the relation between the last North Atlantic climate oscillation and the local regional components including abrupt climate changes (i.e. H events) and local events since the end of the last glacial period from a paleoclimatic proxies perspective. We will use a twofold approach by first constraining the current sedimentary conditions to their associated local wave climate and North Atlantic regional forcements to subsequently infer the paleoenvironmental conditions from the past 30‐50 ky sedimentary record. Firstly, analysing and modelling the present hydraulic conditions from newly acquired and historical wave climate and oceanographic records from the study area will study the current sedimentary conditions and forcements. These data will be linked to the present day sedimentation conditions by direct measurements of present day sedimentation and oceanographic conditions, supported by moored sediment traps, CTD, Doppler records and surficial samples. Epifauna, infauna, microfauna and sediment microestructure will also be studied. Subsequently we will udertake a multidisciplinary study combining high‐resolution geochemical, physical properties, environmental magnetic sediment derived records with high precision U‐series isotopes analyses in a well‐constrained geochronological framework. Further support will be provided by seismic‐acoustic data acquisition. The combination of these sedimentological, micropaleontological, geochemical and geophysical tools will help in better resolving the role of current strength, circulation and sediment provenance changes also considering across vs. along margin transport balances in the sedimentary record of the Galician Internal basin over the last 30‐50 ky

FUGRO-2 Cruise (29SG20130823) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2013, Fugro Black Sea cruise

CARIBENORTE Cruise (29SG20131118) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2013, Geodynamics of the northern Caribbean: Haití-Dominican Republic Sector

SUBVENT-2 Cruise (29SG20140310) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, The main scientific objectives of the SUBVENT-2 have been: 1)To survey and study the morphology and geophysical configuration of the mud volcanoes and magmatic volcanoes and identify active cold seeps and hot springs along the continental margins of the Gulf of Cádiz and Canary Islands. 2)To explore, sample and to photography active seabed fluid features. 3)To identify bio-mineralizations (nodules, crusts and chimneys) formed by the action of micro/macro chemosynthetic organisms and mineralization processes. 4) To recognize the role of global change and tectonics in the episodic event of eruption of gas-related mudand enriched-volatile magmatic submarine volcanoes. Technical tasks: The technical tasks carried out during the SUBVENT-2 cruise have been: 1)Multibeam mapping and CHIRP ultra-high resolution profiles on the selected targets. 2) High-resolution seismic profiles with air-gun array and 3-channel streamer. 3)Dives with the ROV LUSO using high-resolution video, methane and CO2 probes, micro-cores, aspiration tubes, rock sampling and niskin bottles. 4)Thermosalinograph (CTD) probes and Niskin bottle rosette sampling. 5) Sampling with 2-5 m gravity core

HOTMIX Cruise (29SG20140427) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, This project will study the influence of mixing zones between water masses on the metabolism and biodiversity of microbial communities, and their impact on biogeochemical fluxes, in the deep ocean. The project will be carried out in the Mediterranean Sea as an example of experimental laboratory for its dynamic characteristics, with turnover times an order of magnitude smaller than in the open ocean (11 to 100 years). We will follow the evolution of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) from its generation, in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea until its flow to the North Atlantic through the Strait of Gibraltar. During its westward flow the LIW mixes both with surface water of Atlantic origin and deep Mediterranean waters, formed both in the eastern (Adriatic and Aegean Seas) and western (Gulf of Lions) basins. After outflowing through the Gulf of Cadiz, the LIW sinks down and spills over into the eastern Atlantic Ocean, mixing with different Atlantic waters, like the North Atlantic Central Water (NACW), the Subpolar Modal Water (SPMW) and the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). We will reproduce the "in situ" conditions (temperature, pH and hydrostatic pressure) in the deep ocean to study microbial metabolism using advanced methodologies. We will also examine the relationship between diversity, microbial metabolism and the elemental and molecular composition of the available organic matter at these interface regions. Finally, we will compare estimates of metabolic rates with geochemical approaches based on multiparametric analysis of water masses (OMP) and age estimates from transient tracers, helping to resolve the paradox of the imbalance between sources and sinks of carbon in the deep ocean

PLOCAN Cruise (29SG20140601) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, The objective of the cruise is to collaborate in the installation and anchoring of a buoy with superficial meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation in the context of the PLOCAN platform (The Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands). It also contains a structure in subsurface waters which brings together another series of sensors to measure physical and biochemical parameters in the water column.The deployment of this anchor will allow to measure atmospheric and oceanographic variables in high resolution (every hour) at sea, which will be transmitted in real time via satellite. Regarding the atmosphere and by means of a meteorological station, barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation and photosynthetically active solar radiation are measured, and oceanographic variables are measured at the sea surface. temperature, conductivity, oxygen, turbidity and chlorophyll. In addition, there are two sensors belonging to the Marine Chemistry group of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) to record the data on surface pH and CO2. With respect to the subsurface structure, pressure, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and currents are measured in a self-contained manner. These observations can be viewed once the funding is recovered. It is estimated that the funding remains one year maximum

MED-SUV Cruise (29SG20140625) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, An active seismic experiment to study the internal structure of Etna Volcano is going to carried out on Sicily and Aeolian islands. The main objective of the experiment is to perform a high resolution seismic tomography, in velocity and attenuation, in the Etnean region, by using active and passive seismic data, in an area encompassing outstanding volcanoes as Mt. Etna, and Aeolian volcanoes. This experiment will start on July 20th, 2014 and the final phase of it will be performed in January-February 2015. The achievement of this objective is based on the integration and sharing of the in-situ marine and land experiments and observations and on the implementation of new instruments and monitoring systems. For the purpose, onshore and offshore seismic stations and passive and active seismic data generated both in marine and terrestrial environment will be used. Additionally, other geophysical data, mainly magnetic and gravimetric data will be considered to obtain a joint Upper Mantle-Crust structure that could permit to make progress in the understanding of the dynamic of the region. This experiment is a collaborative effort of different research projects and relationships among institutions under a common joint project, MED-SUV. Combining refraction and reflexion experiment, around 50.000 shots will be performed that will be recorder on a dense local seismic network consisting of 100 protable seismic stations, 70 permanent seismic stations from INGV, 25 OBSs stations and by a streamer 3 km long with 240 geophones associated to the “Sarmiento de Gamboa” vessel. In total we expect to record more than ten million of P-waves onsets, probably never done before in the world. In the follow figure we show the position of the seismic stations onshore and the OBSs

MODUPLAN Cruise (29SG20140804) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, The scientific objective of this oceanographic cruise: to study the biodiversity of microplanktonic organisms in the deep waters of the North Atlantic and their relationship with global change

MOWER Cruise (29SG20140901) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, MOWER:The main objective is to identify and study in the seabed of the Gulf of Cádiz and in western Portugal, the erosive features and sedimentary deposits generated by water bodies (especially the flow of Mediterranean waters in the Atlantic called Mediterranean Outflow Water or MOW). To achieve this objective, images of the seafloor will be recorded and sediment samples will be obtained, among others.The objectives of the MOWER Cruise have been: 1) to determine the latest (Holocene) sedimentary, oceanographic and paleoceanographic processes; 2) to establish the Pliocene and Quaternary evolution of the erosional features and associated sandy contourites, particularly dealing with sedimentological aspects and addressing geohazards deducted from such evolution; and 3) to characterize the influence and control in a large--‐scale of the continental margin prior to and during the development of the erosional features and associated sandy contourites. The data acquired during the 35 days of cruise consisted in single-channel seismic (airguns and parasound), scientific and multibeam echosounder systems, and sediment samplings (van been drag and box and gravity corers). On selected areas, the Portuguese ARGUS ROV system was deployed

FUGRO-3 Cruise (29SG20141029) carried out on the Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa in 2014, Fugro Black Sea Cruise