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Major bacterial agents in a Mediterranean holm-oak forest recovery after a fire, El cambio global es un hecho constatado e incuestionable. Además de los procesos de tipo industrial existen otros factores, como los incendios forestales, que también contribuyen al calentamiento global dada la alta emisión de CO2 que producen. Disminuir la concentración de CO2 atmosférico, evitar su incremento o ayudar a su acumulación en la materia orgánica del suelo, se puede ver beneficiado por un correcto manejo del monte mediterráneo. Una rápida re-vegetación o recuperación de las formaciones autóctonas como son los encinares y robledales (Quercus ilex sp. rotundifolia y Q. pyrenaica) pueden ayudar en este sentido. Conocer las posibles etapas de modificación de estos bosques, expansión o regresión, por efecto del cambio climático también es importante, sobre todo si podemos contribuir a la progresión y al establecimiento de una mayor superficie de bosque. Los microorganismos del suelo son los responsables del cierre del ciclo biogeoquímico del carbono, contribuyendo además a la fertilidad del suelo y a la promoción del crecimiento vegetal. Por tanto en este proyecto se propone, la identificación de microorganismos indicadores que nos permitan seguir la evolución de la recuperación después de un incendio, la transición robledal-encinar y la progresión del robledal, como medida del cambio climático. Para ello se proponen los siguientes objetivos específicos:i) Análisis del fingerprint genético mediante TGGE de la diversidad microbiana y la redundancia funcional de fijación de N2 en los suelos bajo robles maduros y en progresión en alturas superiores.ii) Construcción y análisis de metagenomas de los suelos de encinar y robledal.iii) Secuenciación masiva del ADN ambiental extraído de un encinar y de un robledal maduros para la identificación de bioindicadores.iv) Monitorización, a los 2 y 4 años, de la evolución del encinar quemado y del robledal en progresión en altura mediante el empleo de los bioindicadores seleccionados.

The dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Please, read the full ODbL 1.0 license text for the exact terms that apply. Users of the dataset are free to: Share: copy, distribute and use the database, either commercially or non-commercially. Create: produce derivative works from the database. Adapt: modify, transform and build upon the database. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute any public use of the database, or works produced from the database. For any use or redistribution of the database, or works produced from it, you must make clear to others the license of the original database. Share-Alike: If you publicly use any adapted version of this database, or works produced from an adapted database, you must also offer that adapted database under the ODbL., List of experimental data:, No

This item is made of 2 files, of which 1 is the dataset in netcdf format and the other (Readme .txt) include a small description of the computed variables.-- Dataset contributed to the Project STRAMIX (STRAtification and MIXing in a coastal upwelling driven estuary, CTM2012-35155).-- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). The STRAMIX team appreciates that users of these data: 1) Contact Miguel Gil Coto (mgilcoto@iim.csic.es) or Nicolás Villacieros (nvrobineau@iim.csic.es) to follow the uses of the data, and 2) Include the requested acknowledgment (cite using the DOI of this dataset and please also cite Gilcoto et al. 2017) in any presentations or publications, Average directional wave spectrum from 28118 wave spectra obtained from ADCP currents between june 2013 and August 2014 in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia, Atlantic Ocean), STRAMIX project. Waves Monitor Software (RDI) was used to obtain the 28118 individual wave spectra. Criteria applied to compute parameters were: 20 minutes bursts with tilt and current correction every 10 minutes, maximum wave period of 28.6 s, sea-swell transition period of 7.3 s, 256 frequency bands, and 180 angles, Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) research project, No

Phagotrophic mixotrophs (mixoplankton) are now widely recognised as important members of food webs, but their role in the functioning of food webs is not yet fully understood. This is because of the lack of a well-established technique to estimate mixotrophy. An immediate step in this direction would be the development of a method that separates mixotrophic from heterotrophic grazing that can be routinely incorporated into the common techniques used to measure microplankton herbivory (e.g., the dilution technique). This idea was explored by the addition of rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory electron chain that has been widely used to selectively eliminate metazoans, both in the field and in the laboratory. Accordingly, rotenone was added to auto-, mixo-, and heterotrophic protist cultures in increasing concentrations (ca. 24 h). The results showed that mixotrophs survived better than heterotrophs at low concentrations of rotenone. Nevertheless, their predation was more affected, rendering rotenone unusable as a heterotrophic grazing deterrent. Additionally, it was found that rotenone had a differential effect depending on the growth phase of an autotrophic culture. Altogether, these results suggest that previous uses of rotenone in the field may have disrupted the planktonic food web, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 766327

It remains unclear as to how mixoplankton (coupled phototrophy and phagotrophy in one cell) affects the estimation of grazing rates obtained from the widely used dilution grazing technique. To address this issue, we prepared laboratory-controlled dilution experiments with known mixtures of phyto-, protozoo-, and mixoplankton, operated under different light regimes and species combinations. Our results evidenced that chlorophyll is an inadequate proxy for phytoplankton when mixoplankton are present. Conversely, species-specific cellular counts could assist (although not fully solve) in the integration of mixoplanktonic activity in a dilution experiment. Moreover, cell counts can expose prey selectivity patterns and intraguild interactions among grazers. Our results also demonstrated that whole community approaches mimic reality better than single-species laboratory experiments. We also confirmed that light is required for protozoo- and mixoplankton to correctly express their feeding activity, and that overall diurnal grazing is higher than nocturnal. Thus, we recommend that a detailed examination of initial and final plankton communities should become routine in dilution experiments, and that incubations should preferably be started at the beginning of both day and night periods. Finally, we hypothesize that in silico approaches may help disentangle the contribution of mixoplankton to the community grazing of a given system, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 766327. [...] With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

The Live Fluorescently Labelled Algae (LFLA) technique has been used numerous times to estimate micro-zooplankton herbivory. Yet, it is unknown how mixoplankton (i.e., single-cell organisms that can combine phototrophy and phagotrophy) affect the outcome of this technique. Hence, we conducted a broad-spectrum assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the LFLA technique, using several mixoplanktonic and proto-zooplanktonic grazers. Species from different taxonomic groups and different feeding mechanisms were tested in short-term experiments (ca. 5 h) in the laboratory, at different prey concentrations and during light and dark periods of the day. Overall, our findings suggest that the LFLA technique, due to its short-term nature, is an effective tracker of diel ingestion and digestion rates, and can detect new mixoplanktonic predators. We recommend that, irrespective of the prey concentration, incubations to measure grazing rates with this technique should generally be concluded within 1 h (adaptable to the environmental temperature). Nevertheless, our results also call for caution whenever using LFLA in the field: feeding mechanisms other than direct engulfment (like peduncle feeding) may provide severely biased ingestion rates. Furthermore, size and species selectivity are very hard to circumvent. To reduce the effects of selectivity, we propose the combined use of two distinctly coloured fluorochromes (i.e., distinct emission spectra). With this modification, one could either label different size ranges of prey or account for species-specific interactions in the food web, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 766327. [...] With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Feeding rates, fecal production rates, egg production rates and gross-growth efficiencies of the copepod Paracartia grani offered a variety of phytoplankton, protozooplankton and mixoplankton in monodiet. See Excel file for details, This research was supported by EC MSCA-ITN 2019 funding to the project MixITiN (Grant Number 766327), Peer reviewed

Feeding and egg production rates of the copepods Paracartia grani and Centropages typicus feeding on the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum under different nutrient and trophic conditions. See more details in the Excel file, This research was supported by EC MSCA-ITN 2019 funding to the project MixITiN (Grant Number 766327), Peer reviewed

Abstract: A detailed biostratigraphy is established, using the high foraminiferal abundance and diversity at Trowbarrow Quarry, which is also proposed as a stratotype section for the late Asbian (late Viséan), a substage not previously formally subdivided. The foraminiferal assemblages suggest that the early Asbian has to be revised, which has implications for the chronostratigraphy of many late Viséan outcrops in Britain, which are probably erroneously interpreted. From the upper part of the Park Limestone Formation at Trowbarrow Quarry, near the base of the section, the transition between foraminifers assigned to the early and late Asbian (Cf6α-β to Cf6γ subzones) is identified. The Urswick Limestone Formation contains excellent biostratigraphic records of many important taxa, allowing the subdivision of the formation into five foraminiferal assemblage zones for the late Asbian, namely Cf6γ1a, Cf6γ1b, Cf6γ2a, Cf6γ2b and Cf6γ2c. The last assemblage is currently only recognised in the North Pennines and at Trowbarrow. These assemblages allow revision of the stratigraphic range of many taxa used as biostratigraphic markers in Britain and Ireland. Owing to its excellent foraminiferal record, the late Asbian subdivisions will significantly facilitate the reinterpretation of other well-known Asbian platform carbonate successions in Britain. Although with some faunal differences, the base of the late Asbian can be confidently correlated to other European zonal schemes, with its base equivalent to the base of the former V3bγ or more recent MFZ14 foraminiferal zones of Belgium, and the base of the Mikhailovian Substage in Russia., Peer reviewed

The present document develops the laboratory protocols to analyse plastic pollution in freshwater environmental samples, although the methods followed can be extrapolated to other ecosystems. These protocols are developed in the framework of the PLASTICØPYR project, which aims to tackle plastic pollution associated with mountain tourism activities by developing transversal actions involving several stakeholders. These guidelines are developed in order to quantify plastic pollution in different river habitats, from large items (macro- and mesoplastics) to tiny plastic particles (microplastics). The protocols are developed for the analysis of microplastics (MicP) up to 63 µm, from samples from the water column, the fluvial sediments, the fluvial biota (i.e., brown trout and biofilm), as well as plastic particles present in the atmosphere (either wet or dry deposition). The MicP analysis is done following the Nile Red method, a fluorescent dye that facilitates the observation of small particles. Although Nile Red cannot provide chemical characterisation, it can be compatible with MicP identification techniques, such as FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The samples procedure includes: the extraction of MicP from the inorganic matrix by density separation (using ZnCl2), a digestion step with hydrogen peroxide and catalysed with Fenton's reagent to eliminate the organic remains and finally, the staining of the sample with Nile Red., Peer reviewed