BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

FICARAM-IV Cruise (29HE20020304) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, The overall objective of the FICARAM program is the monitoring and the annual evolution of the quantification of CO2 uptake in the Atlantic. Specific objectives during the campaign: 1) Evaluate the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide, measuring the partial pressure of CO2 on the surface of the sea and the atmosphere. 2) Estimate the incorporation of anthropogenic carbon, measuring the variables of the carbon system (pH and alkalinity) and dissolved oxygen in the water column

ZEE-2002 Cruise (29HE20020503) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, Exclusive Economic Zone cruise 2002. Oceanographic hydrographic study of the Spanish exclusive economic zone

MARINADA Cruise (29HE20020803) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, Continental Slope Stability (COSTA-ETC) .The main objective of COSTA is to assess the stability of the European continental slope in relation both to the natural processes that occur in the slope and to the effects of human activities (for example the extraction of hydrocarbons in deep waters). This objective will be achieved through rigorous analysis of 1) landslides that have occurred from prehistory to the present. 2) areas conducive to sliding. 3) areas of interest for deepwater oil and gas exploration

COCA-1 Cruise (29HE20020910) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, Carbon flux in the Canary region: identification of local balance and trophic structure. Determination of local balances of organic carbon and trophic structure in the Canary region. Determination of organic carbon flows and coupling between coastal export and demand in the subtropical gyre. Experiments have been carried out related to the growt of phytoplankton and bacteria under specific conditions

FICARAM-V Cruise (29HE20021028) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, The specific objective during the FICARAM V campaign is to evaluate the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide, measuring the partial pressure of CO2 from the sea surface and in the atmosphere. This campaign is framed in the European project "CAVASSOO" (Carbon variability by ships of Opportunity). Salinity-temperature, chlorophyll by fluorescence and meteorological variables (wind, atmospheric pressure, air temperature and geographic position) will also be measured. The study will be conducted in the Cartagena-Rio de Janeiro section

OCEANSAC-1 Cruise (29HE20021115) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, The campaign aims to collect bio-optical and hydrological data for the calibration of the MMRS space sensor that operates on the Argentine satellite SAC-C

TEMPANO Cruise (29HE20021123) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, The main objective of the project is to quantify experimentally how temperature affects the regulation of metabolic processes and possible changes in the structure of Antarctic planktonic communities and the implications this implies globally. These communities are composed of unicellular microorganisms that have sizes from less than 1 micron in diameter (bacterioplankton and archaea) to a few tens of microns (phytoplankton and protozoa) and multicellular organisms such as zooplankton (small crustaceans, krill). Phytoplankton are constituted by photosynthetic organisms, whereas bacterioplankton, protozoa (ciliates and flagellates) and zooplankton are mostly heterotrophs (consumers of organic matter, either dissolved and particulate). Part of this matter is breathed and returned to the environment in the form of CO2. The mere fact that the water temperature will increase 0.5 and 1 degree in an extreme system such as Antarctica will likely result in increased respiration (CO2 excretion) by heterotrophic organisms which, in part, could be fixed by phytoplankton. , or in the worst case, it could be released into the atmosphere, promoting the greenhouse effect and the global warming of the planet. Experiments related to primary production and temperature and light have been carried out

BREDDIES Cruise (29HE20021227) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2002, Mesoscale vortices/meanders in the central portion of the Bransfield Strait: identification and physical–biological coupling-BREDDIES. The general objective of this project is their identification and the study of the coupling between the underlying physical processes and the plankton community. With this aim an interdisciplinary sampling was conducted in the region, with spatial resolution and a degree of interdisciplinary interaction not previously carried on. Through the observations we aim at gaining a better physical and biological characterization of these structures as well as understanding the adjustment mechanisms between the physical processes (water column stability, diapycnal mixing, advection) and the planktonic community (abundance and structure). Additionally we will develop a physical-biological model that allows us to understand and diagnose the nature of such coupling. In this way the results of this project could contribute to the identification of mesoscale structures not previously described and to a better understanding of the adjustment between the planktonic community and the physical environment in the marine antarctic system at the mesoscale range

BENTART-03 Cruise (29HE20030125) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2003, Integrated study of benthic biodiversity Bellinghausen Sea and Antarctic Peninsula (West Antarctica).1)Taxonomic determination of all the collected species belonging to the macrobenthos and the infaunal meiobenthos, with special attention to the peracarid crustaceans and the demersal ichthyofauna.2) Integrated ecological study of the communities of the three main components of the benthic domain: Infauna, epibenthos and suprabenths, through the analysis of abundance and biomass and of the oceanographic and sedimentological factors.3) Biogeographic studies, analysis of geographical and bathymetric distributions of the species and comparing them with other zones 4) Study of the biology of Antartic annelids polychaetes. 4) knowledge of the influence of the use of scientific samplers, especially the Agassiz drag dredge model, on organisms and the Antarctic bentonic system.5) Development of models on the feeding of demersal fish species, for the estimation of the flow of matter and energy that passes through this zoological group.6) Use of audiovisual media for the obtaining of photographic material and aerial and submarine video for scientific and informative purposes

OCEANSAC-2 Cruise (29HE20030315) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2003, Taking measurements of oceanographic parameters that contribute to the calibration of ocean observation satellites