Resultados de investigación

Se evaluó la distribución espacial, en términos de probabilidad de ocurrencia y biomasa, de las tres principales especies de pequeños peces pelágicos, anchoa (Engraulis encrasicolus), sardina (Sardina pilchardus) y alacha (Sardinella aurita), en la plataforma continental ibérica dentro de la subárea geográfica (GSA) 06, con especial atención a la Zona de Especial Protección para las Aves (ZEPA) ES0000512. Para realizar estas estimaciones, se integraron tres bases de datos independientes: datos de campañas oceanográficas MEDITS (1999-2023), registros de capturas reportadas en los diarios de pesca de buques arrastreros y cerqueros (2020-2024), y variables ambientales (1999-2025), todo ello incorporado en modelos avanzados de distribución de especies. En general, las áreas altamente productivas situadas alrededor y al sur del Delta del Ebro concentran, de forma consistente a lo largo de la serie temporal (1999-2025), las mayores probabilidades de ocurrencia y biomasas para las tres especies. También se observan probabilidades de ocurrencia y biomasa relativamente elevadas en el área marina comprendida entre el Cabo de la Nao y el Cabo de Palos, aunque la biomasa estimada en esta zona es comparativamente menor que en las aguas circundantes al Delta del Ebro. Las limitaciones inherentes a las metodologías empleadas en la recopilación y análisis de los datos, junto con las características de los modelos desarrollados, sugieren que los mapas de probabilidad de ocurrencia basados en datos MEDITS constituyen la representación más realista y verosímil de la distribución espacial de estas especies. No obstante, cabe señalar que las series temporales alternativas permiten una reconstrucción estacional más detallada de la distribución de las especies, ya que no están restringidas a los meses de muestreo de MEDITS, que se limita a un periodo concreto del año (junio y julio). Esta complementariedad metodológica puede ser útil para abordar dinámicas anuales que no quedan reflejadas en los mapas basados exclusivamente en datos MEDITS, Proyecto StelarMed (Pleamar) financiado por Corys.-- This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. 2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. 2.1 Área de Estudio y Datos de las Especies. 2.2 Datos Ambientales. 2.3 Análisis exploratorio. 2.4 Modelos de distribución de especies. 2.4.1 Bondad de ajuste. 2.4.2 Influencia de las variables. 2.4.3 Validación de la predicción. 2.5 Comparación espacial cuantitativa de los mapas. 3. RESULTADOS. 3.1 Datos MEDITS. 3.1.1 Patrones espaciales. 3.1.2 Patrones temporales. 3.1.3 Validación de las predicciones. 3.2 Datos VMS-OTB (arrastreros). 3.2.1 Patrones espaciales. 3.2.2 Patrones temporales. 3.2.3 Validación de las predicciones. 3.3 Datos VMS-PS (cerqueros). 3.3.1 Patrones espaciales. 3.3.2 Patrones temporales. 3.3.3 Validación de las predicciones. 3.4 Comparación entre los resultados de las distintas fuentes de datos. 4. DISCUSIÓN. 4.1 Patrones espaciales. 4.2 Tendencias temporales. 5. CONCLUSIONES. 6. Acceso al código. 7. REFERENCIAS. APÉNDICE A. Mapas de las variables ambientales. APÉNDICE B. Mapas anuales MEDITS. APÉNDICE C. Mapas anuales VMS-OTB (arrastreros). APÉNDICE D. Mapas anuales VMS-PS (cerqueros), Peer reviewed

Data set generated by the authors from samples collected during the oceanographic surveys.-- The dataset contains: • The stations sampled in each survey, with location data (longitude and latitude) and data for the month and year sampled. • Surface oceanographic variables (temperature, in ºC, salinity and chlorophyll-a, in µg L-1), and bottom depth (m), at each sampling station. • Abundance of fish larvae collected with the Bongo net, standardized per unit area (No. larvae 10 m 2), at each sampling station, This work investigates the main changes undergone by the summer larval fish community over three decades along the Catalan coast, an area characterized by a wide array of environmental conditions. The study was based on nine ichthyoplankton surveys carried out in June, July and September in three decades, 1980s, 2000s and 2010s, covering the same area and applying the same sampling methodology. Throughout the study period, an increase in sea surface temperature, particularly marked in June, and a decrease in surface chlorophyll-a associated with a decline in runoff from the Ebro and Rhone rivers was observed. Marked changes in the composition and abundance of the larval fish community were detected between June and July in the 1980s and the following decades. These changes were mainly due to the presence for the first time in the area of warm water species, such as Thalassoma pavo and Caranx rhonchus, or to the increase in their abundance, such as Sardinella aurita and Pomatomus saltatrix, in the 2000s in relation to the northward expansion of the adults ' range. The presence of larvae of warm water species in the 2000s and 2010s contributed to an increase in specific richness of the larval fish community compared to values obtained in the 1980s. Other species showed a decline in abundance over time, probably due to a decrease in surface chlorophyll-a, e.g. Engraulis encrasicolus, although overexploitation is also an important factor to consider. Larvae of other species, such as coastal and mesopelagic fishes, did not show changes in abundance over the three decades. In a future scenario of increasing sea water temperature and marine heatwaves events, enhanced stratification, and decreasing surface primary production, the changes that may occur in the fish larvae community will largely depend on the adaptive responses of individual species to the new environmental conditions, Fundación Ramón Areces (ARECES survey). Projects: CACO (REN 2002-01339/MAR), FISHJELLY (MAR-CTM2010-18874), This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Project ARECES: Survey ARECES III (A3), 1983 June. Project ARECES: Survey ARECES IV (A4), 1983 July. Project ARECES: Survey ARECES V (A5), 1983 September. Project CACO: Survey CACO 1 (C1) 2003 July. Project CACO: Survey CACO 2 (C2), 2003 September. Project CACO: Survey CACO 3 (C3), 2004 June. Project CACO: Survey CACO 4 (C4), 2004 July. Project FISHJELLY: Survey FISHJELLY 11 (F11), 2011 June. Project FISHJELLY: Survey FISHJELLY 12 (F12), 2012 July, Peer reviewed

Esta base de datos contiene medias y desviaciones estándar semanales, mensuales, y estacionales, así como climatologías de temperatura (°C), salinidad, amonio (µmol/L), Fosfato (µmol/L), nitrato (µmol/L), nitrito (µmol/L), silicato (µmol/L), oxígeno (µmol/kg), saturación de oxígeno (µmol/kg), clorofila (µg/L), pH y alcalinidad (µmol/kg). Se calcularon las medias de todas las estaciones para la Ría de Arousa y de Vigo, así como las medias de 0 a 20 m de profundidad, Esta base de datos forma parte de los resultados obtenidos bajo un convenio con el MITERD: MINISTERIO PARA TRANSICION ECOLOGICA Y EL RETO DEMOGRAFICO, dentro del proyecto OCEANS+, Eje 3: Modelización de impactos del Cambio Climático, Tarea 3.14: Análisis de las series temporales de los indicadores desde 1992 a 2021 en sistemas costeros afectados por el afloramiento costero (Rías Baixas). Este contiene las anomalías mensuales de temperatura, salinidad, amonio, fosfato, nitrato, nitrito, silicato, oxígeno, saturación de oxígeno, Clorofila GFD, Clorofila, GFF, pH y alcalinidad. Se calcularon considerando todas las estaciones de cada Ría, Arousa y Vigo, y todas las profundidades (0-5, 5-10, 10-15m) desde 1992 hasta 2019, Esta investigación está financiada por la Unión Europea -NexGenerationEU- como parte del programa del MITECO para el Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia español (Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia de la Unión Europea establecido por el Reglamento (EU) 2020/2094), y está asignada al CSIC, AZTI, SOCIB y las universidades de Vigo y Cádiz, Peer reviewed

Raw data associated with the publication "SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation revealed by elemental cryo-imaging". Files contain raw images of SOS1-GFP and SOS1-mCitrine protein localization data used for quantifications under control, salt stress conditions, as well as the chemical treatments for localization assessment. Folders named according to line, conditions and treatment. The folder `Ramakrishna_et_al_CryoSEM-NanoSIMS` contains the correlative CryoSEM image as well as the CryoNanoSIMS image files for all treatments and conditions for both rice and Arabidopsis. For analysis of the CryoNanoSIMS images please refer to the materials and methods of the manuscript. For any further details please contact the corresponding authors., Peer reviewed

1 file, This database was obtained during the project e-IMPACT (PID2019-109084RB-C21 and -C22) led by Arístegui, J. and Álvarez-Salgado, X.A., funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Peer reviewed

[Aim] As a consequence of globalisation, biological invasions have become an increasing concern due to multifaceted ecological and socio-economic impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite the increasing availability and accessibility of data, a comprehensive assessment of established non-native species and their distribution in the Iberian Peninsula has not been conducted so far., [Location] Iberian Peninsula, including Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar., [Methods] We compiled a harmonised dataset of 1273 established non-native species from multiple regional, national, and global sources. We analysed taxonomic composition, introduction pathways, and native biogeographic realms. Temporal patterns were assessed using first-record data, while spatial patterns were mapped using high-resolution occurrence data from GBIF and national databases., [Results] The majority of established non-native species are vascular plants and insects, specifically of the classes Magnoliopsida and Insecta and the families Asteraceae and Formicidae, respectively. Overall, the most common pathways of introduction were escapes from human facilities and transport-related mechanisms (contaminant and stowaway), but their importance varies among countries. Established non-native species were mostly native to the other regions within the Palearctic, followed by the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Regarding the time of introduction, first records increased steadily until the last decades of the 20th century, when the introduction rate slowed down; yet new introductions persist. Finally, our spatial analysis identified that areas with high human population density and coastal zones recorded the highest number of established non-native species., [Main Conclusion] The Iberian Peninsula hosts a high number and diversity of established non-native species. Given the ongoing rise in cumulative introductions and the role of unintentional human-driven pathways, strengthening prevention measures is vital to reduce future invasions. However, with many non-native species already established, effective management efforts are equally crucial to curb further spread and mitigate consequent impacts, especially in areas of conservation interest., RS was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through national funds under the project MULTI-CRASH: Multi-dimensional ecological cascades triggered by an invasive species in pristine habitats (PTDC/CTA-AMB/0510/2021) (https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/CTA-AMB/0510/2021). FR is supported by an individual contract from FCT (CEEC/0482/2020) and by the project MEGAPREDATOR: A giant on the water: from predation pressure to population control of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) (https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/ASP-PES/4181/2021). EGB and CMM received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICIU/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) and the European Union (NextGenerationEU/PRTR) through projects PID2019-103936GB-C21, FJC2021-047559-I, TED2021-129889B-I00, and RED2022-134338-T. CCB benefited from a postdoctoral contract Ref. JDC2023-052358-I, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the FSE+., Peer reviewed

This study was supported by the projects CHALLENGE (PID2019-107979RB-100 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and CHALLENGE-2 (PID2022-141628NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF, EU) led by CA. TA-G was financed by a Severo Ochoa FPI predoctoral grant (PRE2020-096185) of the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) of Barcelona. TA-G and BF acknowledge the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). BF has received funding from a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2022-036268-I) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+ and from the MedCalRes project Grant PID2021-125323OAI00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’. PB-C was supported by a Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship. BF is part of the Marine Conservation research group funded by Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 01073). CA is part of the Marine Biodiversity and Evolution research group funded by Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 01271), Peer reviewed

This dataset compiles the traits of plant species selected for use in urban areas of warm climates in the Mediterranean region. Its purpose is to support the ENVI-met software, a three-dimensional modelling program specialized in the study of urban cooling and climate-adapted urban planning. The compiled traits include key aspects such as geographic distribution, environmental requirements, ecological behavior, morphology, and phenology, as well as the physico-chemical properties and commercial availability of each taxon included in the catalogue. The information is divided into four separate groups in different sheets: - PAULIA Plants: compendium of all the species selected as candidates for inclusion in the PAULIA Project. - Variables Simple Plants: information on the morphological and functional characteristics of low-growing species (creeping plants, climbing plants, shrubs, herbaceous plants, bulbous plants, and succulents), in accordance with the parameters defined by the ENVI-met software. This data is used for the parameterization of Simple Plants in ENVI-met. - Variables 3D Plants: grouping of data corresponding to tree vegetation and other large species, in accordance with the parameters defined by the ENVI-met software. This data is used for the tree-dimensional modeling of 3D Plants in ENVI-met. - Pico Teide”: subset derived from the two previous groups, limited to the species selected for the pilot project in Plaza Pico Teide (San Isidro, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)., [EN] PAULIA's aim is to develop an integrated tool for assessing climate-vulnerable urban areas. This tool identifies the hottest areas and, through simulations, proposes solutions focused on the selection of building materials and urban vegetation as temperature mitigators. The end result will be a set of measures that contribute to optimizing thermal comfort in public spaces. In addition, the project has generated catalogs and databases of drought-tolerant vegetation and materials with low thermal absorption., [ES] El objetivo de PAULIA es desarrollar una herramienta integrada para evaluar las zonas urbanas vulnerables al clima. Esta herramienta identifica las zonas más calientes y, mediante simulaciones, propone soluciones centradas en la selección de materiales de construcción y vegetación urbana como mitigadores de la temperatura. El resultado final será un conjunto de medidas que contribuyan a optimizar el confort térmico en los espacios públicos. Además, el proyecto ha generado catálogos y bases de datos de vegetación resistente a la sequía y materiales con baja absorción térmica., PAULIA project CPP2022-009932 is funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR, Five sheets corresponding to: - PAULIA plants: compendium of all the species selected as candidates for inclusion in the PAULIA project. - Variables Simple Plants: information on the morphological and functional herbaceous plants, bulbous plants, and succulents), in accordance with the parameters defined by the ENVI-met software. This data is used for the parameterization of "Simple Plants" in ENVI-met. - Variables 3D Plants: grouping of data corresponding to tree vegetation and other large species, in accordance with the parameters defined by the ENVI-met software. This data is used for the tree-dimensional modeling of "3D Plants" in ENVI-met. - Pico Teide: subset derived from the two previous groups, limited to the species selected for the pilot project in Plaza Pico Teide (San Isidro, Santa Cruz de Tenerife). - Bibliography: original sources of the data collected., No

SM1. Study area: The south of the Mallorca channel (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, Z1) is characterized by the oligotrophy of its waters but considered as a hotspot of biological activity and biodiversity in the deep-sea (Massutí et al., 2021). In contrast, the Alborán Sea (Z2), unlike the general oligotrophy dominating most of the Mediterranean, holds two anticyclonic gyres of high biological productivity (Bárcena et al., 2004). This area together with the Gulf of Cádiz (Z3) is considered a transition zone between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with water-mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar. This region couples the convergence of critical water masses regarding the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation with a semi-permanent upwelling regime, itself connected to the larger dynamic cells off northwest Africa (Penaud et al., 2016). The area off Lisbon (Portugal, Z4) is characterized by a coastal upwelling, intensified during the summer when upwelled waters occupy the surface layers over the whole western shelf and part of the upper slope off Portugal (Fiuza, 1983). This scenario is also found in the Galician coast (Z5), showing upwelling favorable conditions during spring-summer (Villegas-Ríos et al., 2011). [...], This work was supported by projects “Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources” (SUMMER, H2020, Grant agreement No 817806), “DisEntangling Seasonality of Active Flux In the Ocean” (DESAFÍO, PID2020-118118RB-100), and IMDEEP (CajaCanarias-LaCaixa, ref. 2022CLISA15). María Couret was supported by a postgraduate grant (TESIS2022010116) co-financed by the Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información de la Consejería de Universidades, Ciencia e Innovación y Cultura and by the Fondo Social Europeo Plus (FSE+) Programa Operativo Integrado de Canarias 2021-2027, Eje 3 Tema Prioritario 74 (85%). JDP by a postgraduate grant (ULPGC2022-2) from Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. ASL by a postgraduate grant (IN606B-2024/018) from the “Agencia Gallega de Innovación”, Peer reviewed

This dataset contains AI-based fish detections at the OBSEA Underwater Observatory (NW Mediterranean sea). The model is a YOLOv8 xlarge trained with labeled underwater pictures from OBSEA. The model can be found here. The pictures where taken at OBSEA area with cameras pointing to an artifical biotop developed in the framework of the Slagreef project, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades TED2021-129760B-I00. European Commission Horizon Europe 101058625 iMagine - Imaging data and services for aquatic science, This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, The data file in CSV format includes the following columns: timestamp: Time instance when the picture was taken (in UTC). SourceImage: URL of the source image. ProcessedImage: URL of the processed image with detections + bounding boxes. SENSOR_ID: Name of the camera that took the picture. Diplodus puntazzo: Number of s. Oblada melanurus: Number of specimens detected. Parablennius gattorugine: Number of specimens detected. Sarpa salpa: Number of specimens detected.Seriola dumerili: Number of specimens detected. Serranus cabrilla: Number of specimens detected. Sparus aurata: Number of specimens detected. Symphodus mediterraneus: Number of specimens detected. Diplodus sargus: Number of specimens detected. Diplodus vulgaris: Number of specimens detected. Epinephelus costae: Number of specimens detected. Aetomylaeus bovinus: Number of specimens detected. Chromis chromis: Number of specimens detected. Coris julis: Number of specimens detected. Dentex dentex: Number of specimens detected. Diplodus cervinus: Number of specimens detected. Epinephelus marginatus: Number of specimens detected. Mullus surmuletus: Number of specimens detected. Muraena helena: Number of specimens detected. Oblada melanurus: Number of specimens detected. Parablennius gattorugine: Number of specimens detected. Sarpa salpa: Number of specimens detected. Seriola dumerili: Number of specimens detected. Serranus cabrilla: Number of specimens detected. Sparus aurata: Number of specimens detected. Symphodus mediterraneus: Number of specimens detected, Peer reviewed