Resultados de investigación

Materials contain R codes with analyses (*.R), phylogenetic trees (*.tre) and dataset (SupplementaryDataset1.xlsx). Dataset contains variables expressing visual system architecture and exposure to environmental light across birds: -eye axial length. -cornreal diameter. -optic tectum volume. -visual wulst volume. -nocturnal habits. -prefered habitat. These variables were extracted from literature and open sources for 760 avian species., Peer reviewed

Additional file 1: Supplementary figures S1 to S11 and Supplementary Tables S1 to S10., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación CajaCanarias Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

Additional file 2. Excel file with the posterior values of the accepted models in the ABC-DL analysis. Factor 2, Kullback Leiber, and Spearman correlation tables for the accepted models in both ABC-DL analysis., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación CajaCanarias Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

Additional file 3. Histograms with the posterior versus prior distributions of all parameters for the best model in ABC DL analysis., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación CajaCanarias Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

Additional file 4. Spearman correlation plots for all parameters in the best model in the ABC-DL analysis., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación CajaCanarias Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

Additional file 5. Fitness error values of all iterations of the GP4PG analysis. Parameter values for the best 10 models in the GP4PG analysis., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación CajaCanarias Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

Additional file 6. Peer review history., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Fundación CajaCanarias Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades., Peer reviewed

These data are associated with the population genomic analyses in Decroly et al. (2024)., Natural selection is less efficient in the absence of recombination. As a result, non-recombining sequences, such as sex chromosomes, tend to degenerate over time. Although the outcomes of recombination arrest are typically observed after many millions of generations, recent neo-sex chromosomes can give insight into the early stages of this process. Here we investigate the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in the Spanish marbled white butterfly, Melanargia ines, where a Z-autosome fusion has turned the homologous autosome into a non-recombining neo-W chromosome. We show that these neo-sex chromosomes are likely limited to the Iberian population of M. ines, and that they arose around the time when this population split from North-African populations, around 1.5 million years ago. Recombination arrest of the neo-W chromosome has led to an excess of premature stop codons and frameshift mutations, and reduced gene expression compared to the neo-Z chromosome. Surprisingly, we identified two regions of 1 Mb at one end of the neo-W that are both less diverged from the neo-Z and less degraded than the rest of the chromosome, suggesting a history of rare but repeated genetic exchange between the two neo-sex chromosomes. These plateaus of neo-sex chromosome divergence suggest that neo-W degradation can be locally reversed by rare recombination between neo-W and neo-Z chromosomes., European Research Council, ModelGenomLand., Peer reviewed

Copies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of all new species; UV-VIS Absorption and emission spectra of all new species; Table S1: Crystal data and structure refinement for 1c; Table S2: Bond distances (Å) and angles (°) for 1c; Table S3: Crystal data and structure refinement for 2b; Table S4. Bond distances (Å) and angles (°) for 2b; ORTEP drawings of the contents of the asymmetric part of the unit cell of 2b., Peer reviewed

RMN spectra of all the complexes and UV–visible spectra are included in the Supporting Information., Peer reviewed