BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The study combined the use of biometric, behavioral, physiological and external tissue damage scoring systems to better understand how high stocking densities drive schooling behavior and other adaptive features during the finishing growing phase of farmed gilthead sea bream in the Western Mediterranean. Fish were grown at three different final stocking densities (LD, 8.5 kg/m3; MD, 17 kg/m3; HD, 25 kg/m3). Water oxygen concentration varied between 5 and 6 ppm in LD fish to 3–4 ppm in HD fish with the summer rise of water temperature from 19°C to 26°C (May–July). HD fish showed a reduction of feed intake and growth rates, but they also showed a reinforced social cohesion with a well-defined endogenous swimming activity rhythm with feeding time as a main synchronization factor. The monitored decrease of the breathing/swimming activity ratio by means of the AEFishBIT data-logger also indicated a decreased energy partitioning for growth in the HD environment with a limited oxygen availability. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased with the rise of stocking density, and the close association of glycaemia with the expression level of antioxidant enzymes (mn-sod, gpx4, prdx5) in liver and molecular chaperones (grp170, grp75) in skeletal muscle highlighted the involvement of glucose in redox processes via rerouting in the pentose-phosphate-pathway. Other adaptive features included the depletion of oxidative metabolism that favored lipid storage rather than fatty acid oxidation to decrease the oxygen demand as last electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This was coincident with the metabolic readjustment of the Gh/Igf endocrine-growth cascade that promoted the regulation of muscle growth at the local level rather than a systemic action via the liver Gh/Igf axis. Moreover, correlation analyses within HD fish displayed negative correlations of hepatic transcripts of igf1 and igf2 with the data-logger measurements of activity and respiration, whereas the opposite was found for muscle igf2, ghr1 and ghr2. This was indicative of a growth-regulatory transition that supported a proactive instead of a reactive behavior in HD fish, which was considered adaptive to preserve an active and synchronized feeding behavior with a minimized risk of oxidative stress and epidermal skin damage., Peer reviewed

Data for the publication in Journal of Ecology: Phylogenetic diversity is a weak proxy for functional diversity but they are complementary in explaining community assembly patterns in temperate vegetation, long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939) Czech Science Foundation (project 19-28491X), Peer reviewed

† Rwork = ∑hkl ||Fobs(hkl)|—|Fcalc(hkl)|| / ∑hkl |Fobs(hkl)|, where Fobs and Fcalc are the structure factors, deduced from measured intensities and calculated from the model, respectively. ‡ Rfree = as for Rwork but for 5% of the total reflections chosen at random and omitted from refinement., Peer reviewed

The strictly conserved residues are in red blocks and similar residues in red characters. The FMDV 3B1 residues interacting with FMDV 3Dpol are marked by green asterisks. Residues of EV71 3B previously shown to contact the bottom of the palm of EV71 3Dpol in the X-ray structure of the complex [11](PDB:4IKA) are highlighted in yellow boxes., Peer reviewed

pbio.3002315.t001 - Lineage tracing identifies heterogeneous hepatoblast contribution to cell lineages and postembryonic organ growth dynamics, Peer reviewed

(A) Approximately 5 μm projection of a 72-hpf liver expressing tp1:H2B-mCherry (BEC), stained for Hnf4a (hepatocytes) and EdU (proliferating cells). Yellow and white arrowheads highlight proliferating BECs and hepatocytes, respectively (N = 2, n = 10 livers). (B) Graph showing the proportion of EdU+ proliferating hepatocytes and BECs over time (N = 2, n ≥ 8). (C, D) Graph showing hepatocyte (C) and BEC (D) cell numbers during development (N = 4, n ≥ 12 livers). (E) Quantification of total liver volume during development determined in embryos in BABB (N = 4, n ≥ 12 livers). (F) Maximum projection (20 μm z-stacks) of a 48-hpf liver expressing tp1:H2B-mCherry (BEC) and stained for Hnf4ɑ (hepatocyte). (G) Relative distribution of BECs and hepatocytes during development from 48 to 144 hpf (N = 4, n ≥ 12 livers). (B-E) Different shape data points indicate different experiments. The numerical values that were used to generate the graphs in (B-E, G) can be found in S1 Data. BEC, biliary epithelial cell; EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine; hpf, hours post fertilization., Peer reviewed

Uncropped gel images of S2E and Uncropped gel images of S2F Fig., Peer reviewed

(A, B) Parental (Par), and Ndufs4−/− RAW 264.7 cells were left untreated or treated with LPS (100 ng/ml). Supernatants were collected at 8 hours for measurement of cytokine concentrations by ELISA (A). Cells were collected at 4 hours for quantification of cytokine transcripts using real-time PCR (expressed as fold increases versus untreated parental cells) (B). (C) Representative flow cytometry plots (left) showing phagocytosis of FITC labeled heat killed E. coli (HKEC) and bar graph representing % of fluorescent cells and the MFI values (right). Ctrl, control. Ns, not significant; *, P <0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P<0.005; ****, P<0.001. Each point represents a biological replicate. In all experiments, 4 to 5 different Ndufs4−/− clones were used. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM., Peer reviewed

Parental and Ndufs4−/− RAW 264.7 cells (40,000) were plated on 6-well plates. The cells were cultured in media containing galactose in the complete absence of glucose. The number of viable cells was determined at the indicated time points. Each point represents a biological replicate. Data are shown as the mean ± SD., Peer reviewed

A representative experiment showing OCR in LPS-pretreated RAW 264.7 sublines before and after the sequential addition of oligomycin (2.6 μM), FCCP (1 μM), and a combination of rotenone (Rot) and antimycin A (AA) (1 μM)., Peer reviewed