BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

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Tri-axial accelerometry has proved to be a useful technique to study animal behavior with little direct observation, and also an effective way to measure energy expenditure, allowing a refreshing revisit to optimal foraging theory. This theory predicts that individuals should gain the most energy for the lowest cost in terms of time and energy when foraging, in order to maximize their fitness. However, during a foraging trip, central-place foragers could face different trade-offs during the commuting and searching parts of the trip, influencing behavioral decisions. Using the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) as an example we study the time and energy costs of different behaviors during the commuting and searching parts of a foraging trip. Lesser kestrels are small insectivorous falcons that behave as central-place foragers during the breeding season. They can commute by adopting either time-saving flapping flights or energy-saving soaring-gliding flights, and capture prey by using either time-saving active hovering flights or energy-saving perch-hunting. We tracked 6 lesser kestrels using GPS and tri-axial accelerometers during the breeding season. Our results indicate that males devoted more time and energy to flight behaviors than females in agreement with being the sex responsible for food provisioning to the nest. During the commuting flights, kestrels replaced flapping with soaring-gliding flights as solar radiation increased and thermal updrafts got stronger. In the searching part, they replaced perch-hunting with hovering as wind speed increased and they experienced a stronger lift. But also, they increased the use of hovering as air temperature increased, which has a positive influence on the activity level of the preferred prey (large grasshoppers). Kestrels maintained a constant energy expenditure per foraging trip, although flight and hunting strategies changed dramatically with weather conditions, suggesting a fixed energy budget per trip to which they adjusted their commuting and searching strategies in response to weather conditions, Peer reviewed

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Project Number: 658982 ; Project Acronym: CHAOS ; Topic: MSCA-IF-2014-EF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) ; From 2015-04-01 to 2017-03-31, closed project, Data set collecting the list of publications obtained within the CHAOS project, identifiying the relevant DOI or open-access references for the corresponding publications., No

LAOP project, CTM2015-66407-P (AEI/FEDER, EU), from the Office of Naval Research, grant no. N00014-16-1-2492, and from a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación fellowship (IJCI-2014-22343), Peer reviewed

This data set includes measurements of water samples collected from 11 water bodies (n = 8 to 30 per water body) between March 2010 and March 2013 within Doñana Natural Area. Geographic coordinates of sampling positions and a Google Earth .kml file are provided., Approximately every 30 days in situ water conductivity (converted to salinity), temperature and pH were measured using a multi-probe (YSI-6920V2, YSI Incorporated, Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA) and filtered water samples were collected for laboratory analysis of dissolved phosphate, silica (using a Skalar San^++ 215 Continuous Flow Analyzer) and total alkalinity (using a Metrohm 794 Titroprocessor following the method described by Mintrop et al. (2000) (http://hdl.handle.net/10261/25136). Dissolved carbon dioxide partial pressure was calculated from pH and total alkalinity using co2sys.xls (Pierrot et al., 2000) (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys/CO2SYS_calc_XLS_v2.1/) with the dissociation constants for carbon and sulphate of (Cai and Wang 1998) and (Dickson 1990) (https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90074-Z), respectively., Atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (μatm) was obtained from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA) monitoring station in Izaña, Spain (Site: IZO, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/site/)., Daily measurements of rainfall (mm), air temperature (ºC) and wind speed (m s-1) were provided by a meteorological station located in Lebrija (36º 58’ 35’‘N, 06º 07’ 34’’ W) maintained by the Junta de Andalucia (www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ria/servlet/FrontController)., Estimates of the areal extent of the water bodies derived via remote sensing (Landsat image archive, (http://landsat.usgs.gov/) within each wetland region of Donana Natural Area are included to allow up-scaling of fluxes to regional air-water C transport rates. A Google Earth .kml file delineating the wetland regions is provided., The data is provided as [space] delimitated plain text files and Google Earth .kml and .kmz files within a compressed folder that also includes a single README file (in markdown format converted to HTML and PDF) containing a detailed description of the data structure., This dataset is subject to a Creative Commons License Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International., This data set includes recently published data used to calculate air-water carbon dioxide fluxes within aquatic areas of Doñana Natural Area, SW Spain (Long: -6.373, Lat: 36.932, Datum: WSG84) between March 2010 and May 2013., This research was supported by projects P09–RNM–4744 (Regional Government of Andalucia), 049/2010 and 1539/2015 (Spanish Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Environment)., Peer reviewed

[Background] The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) has been acknowledged as the most endangered felid species in the world. An intense contraction and fragmentation during the 20th century left less than 100 individuals split in two isolated and genetically eroded populations by 2002. Genetic monitoring and management so far have been based on 36 STRs, but their limited variability and the more complex situation of current populations demand more efficient molecular markers. The recent characterization of the Iberian lynx genome identified more than 1.6 million SNPs, of which 1,536 were selected and genotyped in an extended Iberian lynx sample., [Methods] We validated 1,492 SNPs and analysed their heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and linkage disequilibrium. We then selected a panel of 343 minimally linked autosomal SNPs from which we extracted subsets optimized for four different typical tasks in conservation applications: individual identification, parentage assignment, relatedness estimation, and admixture classification, and compared their power to currently used STR panels., [Results] We ascribed 21 SNPs to chromosome X based on their segregation patterns, and identified one additional marker that showed significant differentiation between sexes. For all applications considered, panels of autosomal SNPs showed higher power than the currently used STR set with only a very modest increase in the number of markers., [Conclusions] These novel panels of highly informative genome-wide SNPs provide more powerful, efficient, and flexible tools for the genetic management and non-invasive monitoring of Iberian lynx populations. This example highlights an important outcome of whole-genome studies in genetically threatened species., Funding for this project was provided by the Spanish Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CGL2013-47755-P), and Banco de Santander, CSIC and Fundación General CSIC through a “Proyectos Cero” grant. DKR and MLP were supported by PhD contracts from Programa Internacional de Becas "La Caixa-Severo Ochoa". FC and BMC were hired under the EcoGenes project funded by the European FP7 programme (264125-FP7-REGPOT-2010-1). EBD-CSIC received support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017’ program, grants SEV-2012-0262., 1. SNP dataset: 1492 markers; 329 individuals.-- 2. STR dataset: 36 markers; 463 individuals.csv, Peer reviewed

Coextinction models are useful to understand community robustness to species loss and resilience to disturbances. We simulated pollinator extinctions in pollination networks by using a hybrid model that combined a recently developed stochastic coextinction model (SCM) for plant extinctions and a topological model (TCM) for animal extinctions. Our model accounted for variation in interaction strengths and included empirical estimates of plant dependence on pollinators to set seeds. The stochastic nature of such model allowed us determining plant survival to single (and multiple) extinction events, and identifying which pollinators (keystone species) were more likely to trigger secondary extinctions. Consistently across three different pollinator removal sequences, plant robustness was lower than in a pure TCM, and plant survival was more determined by dependence on the mutualism than by interaction strength. As expected, highly connected and dependent plants were the most sensitive to pollinator loss and collapsed faster in extinction cascades. We predict that the relationship between dependence and plant connectivity is crucial to determine network robustness to interaction loss. Finally, we showed that honeybees and several beetles were keystone species in our communities. This information is of great value to foresee consequences of pollinator losses facing current global change and to identify target species for effective conservation., This study was performed within project CGL2013-44386-P financed to AT by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness., Peer reviewed

The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. The Global SPEI database, SPEIbase, offers long-time, robust information on the drought conditions at the global scale, with a 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly time resolution. It has a multi-scale character, providing SPEI time-scales between 1 and 48 months. The Standardized Precipitatin-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) expresses, as a standardized variate (mean zero and unit variance), the deviations of the current climatic balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration potential) with respect to the long-term balance. The reference period for the calculation, in the SPEIbase, corresponds to the whole study period. Being a standardized variate means that the SPEI condition can be compared across space and time. Calculation of the evapotranspiration potential in SPEIbase is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. Data type: float; units: z-values (standard deviations). No land pixels are assigned a value of 1.0x10^30. In some rare cases it was not possible to achieve a good fit to the log-logistic distribution, resulting in a NAN (not a number) value in the database. Dimensions of the dataset: lon = 720; lat = 360; time = 1356. Resolution of the dataset: lon = 0.5º; lat = 0.5º; time = 1 month. Created in R using the SPEI package (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SPEI)., Global gridded dataset of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at time scales between 1 and 48 months.-- Spatial resolution of 0.5º lat/lon.-- This is an update of the SPEIbase v2.4 (http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/128892).-- What’s new in version 2.5: 1) Data has been extended to the period 1901-2015 (it was 1901-2014 in v 2.4), based on the CRU TS3.24.01 dataset. 2) A bug on versions 2.2 to 2.4 of the dataset has been corrected that prevented correctly reading the ETo data in mm/month-- For more details on the SPEI visit http://sac.csic.es/spei., Peer reviewed

Data Set License: ODbL 1.0. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), Drought indices are essential metrics for quantifying drought severity and identifying possible changes in the frequency and duration of drought hazards. In this study, we developed a new high spatial resolution dataset of drought indices covering all of Spain. The dataset includes seven drought indices, spans the period 1961–2014, and has a spatial resolution of 1.1 km and a weekly temporal resolution. A web portal has been created to enable download and visualization of the data. The data can be downloaded as single gridded points for each drought index, but the entire drought index dataset can also be downloaded in netCDF4 format. The dataset will be updated for complete years as the raw meteorological data become available., Data Set: http://monitordesequia.csic.es/, This work was supported by research projects PCIN-2015-220, CGL2014-52135-C03-01, CGL2014-52135-C03-02 and CGL2014-52135-C03-03 financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER, IMDROFLOOD financed by the Water Works 2014 co-funded call of the European Commission and INDECIS, financed by the European ERA4CS Joint Call for Transnational Collaborative Research Projects., We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)., Peer reviewed