BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The origin of the FtsZ/tubulin protein family was extremely relevant for life since these proteins are present in nearly all organisms, carrying out essential functions such as cell division or forming a major part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotes. Therefore, investigating the early evolution of the FtsZ/tubulin protein family could reveal crucial aspects of the diversification of the three domains of life. In this study, we revisited the phylogenies of the FtsZ/tubulin protein family in an extensive prokaryotic diversity, focusing on the main evolutionary events that occurred during its evolution. We found evidence of its early origin in the last universal common ancestor since FtsZ was present in the last common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea. In bacteria, ftsZ genes are genomically associated with the bacterial division gene cluster, while in archaea, ftsZ duplicated prior to archaeal diversification, and one of the copies is associated with protein biosynthesis genes. Archaea have expanded the FtsZ/tubulin protein family with sequences closely related to eukaryotic tubulins. In addition, we report novel CetZ-like groups in Halobacterota and Asgardarchaeota. Investigating the C-termini of prokaryotic paralogs basal to eukaryotic tubulins, we show that archaeal CetZ, as well as the plasmidic TubZ from Firmicutes, most likely originated from archaeal FtsZ. Finally, prokaryotic tubulins are restricted to Odinarchaeaota and Prosthecobacter species, and they seem to belong to different molecular systems. However, their phylogenies suggest that they are closely related to α/β-tubulins pointing to a potential ancestrality of these eukaryotic paralogs of tubulins, Peer reviewed

able S1: Species, sample, coverage, non-conversion rate (%), and average DNA methylation levels (mCG/CG) for all datasets generated in this study. Table S2: Genomic location of all differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified in the medaka genome. Table S3: DMR-linked genes in zebrafish and medaka genomes., Peer reviewed

Supplementary Figure 1. GFP+ cells engraftment and mFVIII production correlation in transplanted mice. Supplementary Figure 2. Bleeding assay in newborn HA following transplantation. Supplementary Figure 3. Bleeding assay in adult HA following transplantation. Supplementary table 1. List of antibodies used for immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Supplementary table 2. Engraftment (% GFP+ cells) and correction (% mFVIII activity) levels in plasma of newborn mice according to BU dosage and cell transplantation., Peer reviewed

Circulating antibody-secreting cells are present in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals reflecting the continued activity of the humoral immune system. Antibody-secreting cells typically express CD27. Here we describe and characterize a small population of antibody-secreting class switched CD19+CD43+ B cells that lack expression of CD27 in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. In this study, we characterized CD27-CD43+ cells. We demonstrate that class-switched CD27-CD43+ B cells possess characteristics of conventional plasmablasts as they spontaneously secrete antibodies, are morphologically similar to antibody-secreting cells, show downregulation of B cell differentiation markers, and have a gene expression profile related to conventional plasmablasts. Despite these similarities, we observed differences in IgA and IgG subclass distribution, expression of homing markers, replication history, frequency of somatic hypermutation, immunoglobulin repertoire, gene expression related to Toll-like receptors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors, and antibody response to vaccination. Their frequency is altered in immune-mediated disorders., Peer reviewed

Histological sections were incubated with Aqp1ab2-Nt and Aqp1ab2_v1 antisera preabsorbed with the immunizing peptides, indicating the specificity of the antibodies. Abbreviations: o, oocyte; y, yolk globule; gv, germinal vesicle; ve, vitelline envelope; cp, capillary; ca, cortical alveoli. Scale bars, 10 μm., Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

[Introduction]: Drought-associated tree mortality has been increasing worldwide since the last decades, impacting structure and functioning of forest ecosystems, with implications for energy, carbon and water fluxes. However, the understanding of the individual vulnerability to drought-induced mortality is still limited., [Methods]: We aimed to identify the factors that triggered the mortality of the widely distributed Pinus sylvestris L. in an extensive forest area in central Spain. We compared radial growth patterns in pairs of alive and recently dead individuals that co-occur in close proximity and present similar age and size, thereby isolating the effects of size and environment from the mortality process. Temporal dynamics of growth, growth synchrony, and growth sensitivity to water availability (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) were compared between alive and recently dead trees., [Results and discussion]: Over the last 50 years, although we did not detect significant differences in growth between alive and dead trees, an increase in the growth synchrony and sensitivity to water availability (i.e. slope of the climatic water balance in the growth model) was observed in all trees as drought intensity increased. 20 years before mortality, dead individuals showed lower growth synchrony and growth sensitivity to water availability than alive ones, without significant differences in growth. Recorded reduction in growth synchrony and growth sensitivity to water availability in dead trees suggests a decoupling between tree growth and climate, which could increase the risk of hydraulic failure and/or carbon starvation under increasingly arid conditions. Thus, the use of reduced growth sensitivity to water availability as potential early-warning signal of tree mortality, together with reduced growth synchrony, should be further explored, particularly in pine species in seasonally dry areas., Peer reviewed

[Background]: Little is known about whether the overlap syndrome (OS) combining features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome increases the risk of stroke associated with COPD itself., [Methods]: We prospectively studied 74 COPD patients and 32 subjects without lung disease. Spirometry and cardiorespiratory polygraphy were used to assess the pulmonary function of the study population and ultrasound measurements of intima media thickness (IMT) as well as the volume of plaques in both carotid arteries were also evaluated., [Results]: Polygraphic criteria of OS were met in 51% of COPD patients. We found that 79% of patients with OS and 50% of COPD patients without OS had atherosclerotic plaques in the left carotid artery (p = 0.0509). Interestingly, the mean volume of atherosclerotic plaques was significantly higher in the left carotid artery of COPD patients with OS (0.07 ± 0.02 ml) than in those without OS (0.04 ± 0.02 ml, p = 0.0305). However, regardless of the presence of OS, no significant differences were observed in both presence and volume of atherosclerotic plaques in the right carotid artery of COPD patients. Adjusted-multivariate linear regression revealed age, current smoking and the apnea/hypopnea index (OR = 4.54, p = 0.012) as independent predictors of left carotid atherosclerotic plaques in COPD patients., [Conclusions]: This study suggests that the presence of OS in COPD patients is associated with larger left carotid atherosclerotic plaques, indicating that OS might be screened in all COPD patients to identify those with higher risk of stroke., Peer reviewed

Additional file 13: Supplementary Table S4. tRNA fragment reads in Control (wt) and METTL1 KO cells., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Peer reviewed

(A) CBK1-GFP cdc15-2 (YMF3566) and CBK1-GFP TOR1-1 cdc15-2 (YMF3565) cells were grown in YPD and arrested in late anaphase by shifting the temperature to 37 °C before the addition of rapamycin for 20 min to both strains. In addition, DMSO was added to one half of CBK1-GFP cdc15-2. Untagged cdc15-2 (YMF3580) and TOR1-1 cdc15-2 cells (YMF3578) were used as controls. Cell extracts were prepared before the immunoprecipitation of Cbk1-GFP on ChromoTek GFP-Trap Magnetic beads. Isolated material was subjected to analysis by mass spectrometry. Numbers represent spectral average of key Cbk1 functional-related interactors in 3 independent replicates of the experiment. The average is calculated as the sum of all spectral counts for the 3 replicates divided by 3. We found Cbk1 interactions previously described: Mob2 [48] or components of the RAM pathway such as Tao3 [97], Sog2 [98], and Kic1 [99]. Besides, Cbk1 negative regulators Lre1 and Fir1 were also identified [5,43]. Besides, MS found Myo1, a component of the actomyosin ring [43]. Our results showed that Cbk1 interacts with the transcription factor Ace2 [47,48]. Moreover, Cbk1 was bound to Ssd1, an RNA-binding protein that represses the translation of cell wall remodelling proteins until Ssd1 is phosphorylated by Cbk1 [48,100]. Interestingly, TORC1 and Ssd1 have been described to collaborate to maintain cellular integrity [73]. We found interactions with paralogs serine/threonine kinases Kin1 and Kin2 [74,75]. Finally, we detected protein Yol036w of unknown function interacting with Cbk1 [40,74]. Details of other known Cbk1 interactors are shown in S2 Table. (B) CBK1-5FLAG ACE2-HA cdc15-2 (YMF3585) and control cells (YMF3587) (i), CBK1-5FLAG MOB2-9MYC cdc15-2 (YMF3838) and control cells (YMF3835) (ii), or CBK1-TAP SOG2-6HA cdc15-2 (YMF4235) and control cells (YMF4236) cells (iii) were grown in YPD and arrested in late anaphase by shifting to 37 °C before the addition of rapamycin for 20 min when indicated. Subsequently, protein extracts were prepared and immunoprecipitations of Cbk1 on FLAG-beads or IgG beads (as denoted) were performed before the detection of the indicated proteins by immunoblotting. Raw data for blots can be found in Supporting information (S7 Raw Images). (C) Components of TORC1 were found in the same mass spectrometry analysis as in A. Numbers represent spectral average of 3 independent replicates of the experiment., pbio.3002263.s008.pdf, Peer reviewed