BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Synthesis of 4-((4-((4-ethynylphenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)ethynyl)benzoic acid (HOPEA). Full description of the material., Peer reviewed

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Detailed sequencing data obtained in this study., Horizon 2020 Framework Programme Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Generalitat Valenciana Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Peer reviewed

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector and nowadays provides more food than extractive fishing. Studies focused on the understanding of how teleost growth is regulated are essential to improve fish production. Cysteamine (CSH) is a novel feed additive that can improve growth through the modulation of the GH/IGF axis; however, the underlying mechanisms and the interaction between tissues are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CSH inclusion in diets at 1.65 g/kg of feed for 9 weeks and 1.65 g/kg or 3.3 g/kg for 9 weeks more, on growth performance and the GH/IGF-1 axis in plasma, liver, stomach, and white muscle in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings (1.8 ± 0.03 g) and juveniles (14.46 ± 0.68 g). Additionally, the effects of CSH stimulation in primary cultured muscle cells for 4 days on cell viability and GH/IGF axis relative gene expression were evaluated. Results showed that CSH-1.65 improved growth performance by 16% and 26.7% after 9 and 18 weeks, respectively, while CSH-3.3 improved 32.3% after 18 weeks compared to control diet (0 g/kg). However, no significant differences were found between both experimental doses. CSH reduced the plasma levels of GH after 18 weeks and increased the IGF-1 ones after 9 and 18 weeks. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the ghr-1, different igf-1 splice variants, igf-2 and the downregulation of the igf-1ra and b, depending on the tissue and dose. Myocytes stimulated with 200 µM of CSH showed higher cell viability and mRNA levels of ghr1, igf-1b, igf-2 and igf-1rb compared to control (0 µM) in a similar way to white muscle. Overall, CSH improves growth and modulates the GH/IGF-1 axis in vivo and in vitro toward an anabolic status through different synergic ways, revealing CSH as a feasible candidate to be included in fish feed., Peer reviewed

Data are values of mass loss, ergosterol content, sporulation rates, fungal richness, shredder biomass, abundance, and richness, associated with leaves decomposing in three exposure scenarios to determine the effect of mixing litter (1:1 mixture of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Populus × canadensis Moench) on decomposition Exposure scenario. The litterbags were incubated in three terrestrial-aquatic exposure scenarios. 0:100 – 0 days terrestrial; 56 days aquatic (stream) 25:75 – 14 days terrestrial; followed by 42 days in the stream. 50:50 – 28 days terrestrial followed by 28 days in the stream. RME. Relative Mixture Effect: comparison of the values in the mixture with the average of the two single species. RIP. Relative Individual Performance: comparison of a species in the mixture with that species alone. n/a. There are no values because there was not enough leaf material to determine fungal colonization parameters: ergosterol (estimate of fungal biomass) and sporulation rates., [Description of the data and file structure] There are two sheets, one with the data for the Relative Mixture Effect (RME) and the other with the data for the Relative Individual Performance (RIP)., [Usage notes] Data are provided in an open access spreadsheet (ods)., [Methods] The study site and the litter decomposition study are described in detail in Abelho, M. & Descals, E. (2019). Litter movement pathways across terrestrial–aquatic ecosystem boundaries affect litter colonization and decomposition in streams. Functional Ecology, 33, 1785–1797. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13356(opens in new window). Mean deviation between observed values in the mixture and the average of the single species was assessed with the relative mixture effect (RME). Mean deviation between the values of a species in the mixture and that single species was assessed with the relative individual performance (RIP)., The effect of mixing litter on decomposition has received considerable attention in terrestrial and aquatic (but rarely in both) ecosystems, with a striking lack of consensus in the obtained results. We studied the decomposition of a mixture of poplar and alder in three terrestrial:aquatic exposures to determine (1) if the effect of mixing litter on mass loss, associated decomposers (fungal biomass, sporulation rates, and richness) and detritivores (abundance, biomass, and richness of invertebrate shredders) differs between the stream (fully aquatic exposure) and when litter is exposed to a period of terrestrial exposure prior to immersion and (2) the effect of the mixture across exposure scenarios. The effect of the mixture was additive on mass loss and synergistic on decomposers and detritivores across exposure scenarios. Within scenarios, mass loss and decomposers showed synergistic effects only in the fully aquatic exposure, detritivores showed synergistic effects only when the period of terrestrial was shorter than the period of aquatic exposure, and when the period of terrestrial was equal to the period of aquatic exposure the effect of the mixture was additive on mass loss, decomposers, and detritivores. The species-specific effects also differed among exposure scenarios. Alder affected poplar only when there was a period of terrestrial exposure, with increased sporulation rates and fungal richness in exposure 25:75, and increased mass loss in exposure 50:50. Poplar affected alder only under fully aquatic exposure, with increased mass loss. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of the mixture changed with a period of terrestrial exposure prior to immersion. These results provide a cross-boundary perspective on the effect of mixing litter, showing a legacy effect of exposure to terrestrial decomposition on the fate of plant litter in aquatic ecosystems and highlighting the importance of assessing the effect of mixing litter on the associated biota and not only on mass loss., Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

1 file, The global trade in seahorses is increasing and new rearing techniques are currently available for a few species. One of the main bottlenecks in seahorse production is reproduction success, which is dependent upon the administration of high quality diets to breeders. However, very little is known about the most adequate diets, on how they should be administered and on how they might affect newborn performance. In this study, three homogeneous groups of adult seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus were maintained in captivity. Each group was fed on one of the following diets since the onset of the breeding period: Unenriched adult Artemia (Diet A), unenriched adult Artemia and mysidaceans (Diet AM) and mysidaceans (Diet M). As a positive control we used a wild pregnant male. The mixed diet AM provided the highest overall breeding success and reasonable fatty acid profiles, and better resembled newborn from a wild male. The use of only mysidaceans (Diet M) provided the worse results in spite of the high DHA content. Significant differences were observed in newborn characteristics and fatty acid profiles among dietary groups and along the breeding season, especially in total n-3 HUFA and DHA. Monospecific diets including Artemia or mysidaceans very likely suffered nutritional deficiencies, which were reflected in morphological alterations of the muscle tissue (diet A) or abnormal early mortalities in newborn (diet M). Three progressive stages were identified along the whole breeding period: Initial mixed capital-income period (100 - 120 days since the onset of the breeding period), followed by an inflexion period (short transitional stage - income sources), and finally a long period characterized by the use of income sources and the progressive exhaustion of body reserves. Special attention should be deserved to the progressive changes in fatty acid profiles along the breeding season, resulting in a decrease in newborn performance. Considering the time required for a diet to be reflected in newborn, we recommend Hippocampus guttulatus breeders to be fed on a high quality diet for at least three months prior the breeding period, Peer reviewed

Figure S1: Absorption spectra and standard curve of CIP at different concentrations in inorganic α-MEM solution at 25 ◦C.; Figure S2. (a,d) Optical micrographs, (b,e) 3D rendering and (c,f) variation of surface topography in 3D of (a–c) drug-free and (d–f) CIP-loaded HHC systems; Figure S3: Zwitterionic chelate complex of ciprofloxacin with Mg2+ and Ca2+ cations (M) released by PEO coating and Mg alloy; Figure S4: (a) Evolution of OCP for HHC and HH+CIP during 1 and 24 h of immersion. (b,c) Nyquist and Bode diagrams for HHC and HHC+CIP specimens after 1 h and 24 h of immersion in inorganic α-MEM solution at 37 ◦C; Table S1. Fitted electrical parameters of EIS spectra of HHC and HHC+CIP specimens after 1 h and 24 h of immersion in inorganic α-MEM solution at 37 ◦C. Chi-square range: 0.001446-0.003891, Peer reviewed

The role of plant traits in shaping community assembly along environmental gradients is a topic of ongoing research. It is well accepted that plant traits of aboveground organs tend to be conservative in stressful conditions. However, there is limited understanding of how belowground traits respond. Plants may have similar strategies above and belowground, but an intriguing possibility is that there is a trade-off between above and belowground traits of communities to both ensure efficient resource-use and limit niche overlap along the gradient. To test this, we asked whether the response of above and belowground traits of communities is coordinated or not along a stress gradient in Mediterranean sand dune communities. We analyzed 80 vegetation plots in Central Italy to test for coordinated vs independent patterns in above vs belowground plant traits using community weighted mean and standardized effect size of functional richness. Our results show that plant communities close to the sea, which experience high stress, were characterized by high convergence towards aboveground resource conservation and conservative water-use strategies but belowground resource acquisition, consistent with a strong effect of habitat filtering and an above-belowground tradeoff favoring adaptation to harsh and dry conditions. At the opposite end of the gradient with lower stress, plants exhibited higher trait diversity for both above and belowground traits, but overall a dominance of aboveground fast resource acquisition and generally acquisitive water-use strategies, combined with conservative fine-root traits. This suggests that fast growth rate aboveground was compensated by more conservative fine-root strategies, but processes such as competition limited niche overlap overall. Our findings provide new insights into the relationship between functional traits and environmental gradients in plant communities, shedding light on the trade-offs between the above and belowground dimensions., Peer reviewed

Modified method used for the determination of the R ratio taking into account the contribution of hererospecies. Low-loss EELS spectrum showing the Drude model fit used to extract the plasmon energy. Calibration curve between HD/HG Raman parameters used in this paper to derive the H content. Respective contributions of the Cdouble bondC groups and carbo-oxygenated groups (related to A and B peaks) in the π* character for the samples annealed 1000 and 2500 min., Peer reviewed

The data contains GPS locations of 20 individuals of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis and other parameters which were used to develop the seed dispersal models in this study., [Description of the Data and file structure] This is a csv file available for R packages used in this study. Parameter list: fid: ID of each GPS point location.long: Longitude of each GPS point location.lat: Latitude of each GPS point individual.local.identifier: ID of gull individual tags Body.weight: Body weight of gulls (g) study.local.timestamp: Timestamp of GPS positioning (yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss) Wild.olive.distribution: Presence (1) or absence (0) of wild olive vegetation in each GPS point Night.stay: Nighttime GPS positioning (1) and daytime positioning (0) Year: Year of data collection individual_id: Individual ID separated by years dist: Distances from the previous GPS point (m) timediff: Time difference from the previous GPS point (s) speed: Gulls' speed s/h at each GPS point (m/s) inland: GPS position inland (1) or sea (0) ID_LOC: Land use ID of CORINE Land Cover 2018 islands: Name of islands in each GPS point Missing data is shown as "NA"., Aim: To analyse the role of non-frugivorous birds on seed dispersal, seed dispersal by gulls is expected to be especially instrumental in island ecosystems, as these have a smaller subset of frugivores when compared to the mainland, and because long-distance dispersal is required for plant colonization. Here we investigated the seed dispersal of olives by gulls among ten islands of the same archipelago to reveal if gulls contribute to long-distance seed dispersal including different islands, and how gulls’ adaptation to domestic olives and individual differences in foraging activities affect their seed dispersal pattern., Location: Balearic Islands in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Taxon: Yellow-legged gulls ( Larus michahellis), Domestic and wild Olives ( Olea europaea and O. europaea var. sylvestris), Methods: We developed seed dispersal models of the two ecotypes of olives dispersed by gulls across an archipelago, based on GPS tracking data, gut passage time, and seed viability., Results: Mean dispersal distances were 7.67 (±12.48) km in wild and 12.57 (±13.08) km in domestic olives. Seven-point one percent of wild and 8.5% of domestic olives were dispersed among islands. Among these, 8.2% of domestic seeds were transported from large to small islands where gull colonies are located, whereas wild olives were dispersed in more variable directions. Such dispersal pattern of two olive ecotypes were consistent despite the differences in dispersal distances among individuals., Main conclusions: Gulls contributed to long-distance olive seed dispersal including different islands. The seed dispersal of domestic olives to longer distances with specific directions may facilitate colonization and expansion of that variant if the conditions of seed deposition sites are suitable. Our findings indicate that gulls are relevant vectors for long-distance dispersal of large fleshy fruits in island ecosystems where specialist large frugivores are absent., Peer reviewed