Dataset.

RedDots: Limits on habitable and undetected planets orbiting nearby stars GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128 - Appendices E - H

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372006
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
  • Liebing, Florian
  • Jeffers, Sandra V.
  • Gorrini, Paula
  • Haswell, Carole A.
  • Dreizler, Stefan
  • Barnes, John R.
  • Hartogh, Paul
  • Koseleva, Valerija
  • Del Sordo, Fabio
  • Amado, Pedro J.
  • Caballero, J. A.
  • López González, Maria J.
  • Morales, Nicolás
  • Reiners, Ansgar
  • Ribas, Ignasi
  • Quirrenbach, Andreas
  • Rodríguez, Eloy
  • Tal-Or, Lev
  • Tsapras, Yiannis
The Appendices E to H with Tables E.1 and E.2, F.1 and F.2, G.1 to G.5, and Figures H.1 to H.19., Peer reviewed
 
DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372006
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372006

HANDLE: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372006
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372006
 
Ver en: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/372006
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372006

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/371999
Artículo científico (article). 2024

REDDOTS: LIMITS ON HABITABLE AND UNDETECTED PLANETS ORBITING NEARBY STARS GJ 832, GJ 674, AND ROSS 128

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
  • Liebing, Florian
  • Jeffers, Sandra V.
  • Gorrini, Paula
  • Haswell, Carole A.
  • Dreizler, Stefan
  • Barnes, John R.
  • Hartogh, Paul
  • Koseleva, Valerija
  • Del Sordo, Fabio
  • Amado, Pedro J.
  • Caballero, J. A.
  • López González, Maria J.
  • Morales, Nicolás
  • Reiners, Ansgar
  • Ribas, Ignasi
  • Quirrenbach, Andreas
  • Rodríguez, Eloy
  • Tal-Or, Lev
  • Tsapras, Yiannis
[Context] The nearby (d < 5 pc) M dwarfs GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128 each host a single exoplanet, with Ross 128 b located within the optimistic habitable zone. Due to their low mass and close proximity, these three systems are prime candidates for further characterization studies., [Aims] Using HARPS spectroscopic data obtained by the RedDots campaign, as well as archival data from HARPS and CARMENES, supplemented with ASH2 and T90 photometry, we aim to search for additional planets in the three systems. We also aim to determine limits on possible undetected, habitable planets. We investigate (i) the reliability of the recovered orbital eccentricities and (ii) the reliability of Bayesian evidence as a diagnostic for selecting the best model., [Methods] We employed Markov-chain Monte Carlo, nested sampling, and Gaussian process (GP) analyses to fit a total of 20 different models comprising 0–2 Keplerian signals and three different GP kernels for stellar activity. We used the residuals to create grids for injection-recovery simulations to obtain detection limits on potentially undiscovered planets., [Results] Our refined orbital elements for GJ 832 b, GJ 674 b, and Ross 128 b confirm (GJ 832, GJ 674) or increase (Ross 128) prior eccentricity determinations. No additional planets were found in any of the systems. The detection limits obtained for all three systems are between 30 and 50 cm s−1 for orbital periods in the range of 1–10 000 days. This corresponds to habitable planet masses of <1.5M⊕for GJ 832 and < 1M⊕ for GJ 674 and Ross 128. Using N-body simulations, we find that undiscovered secondary planets are unlikely (Ross 128) or incapable (GJ 674) of having caused the observed eccentricities of the known planets. We find that the eccentricity of GJ 832b is not significantly different from zero., [Conclusions] GJ 832 b, GJ 674 b, and Ross 128 b retain their status as hosting lonely and (for the latter two) eccentric planets (e = 0.04, 0.24, 0.21; respectively). This is unexpected in classical planet formation scenarios, which favor circular orbits and multiplanet configurations, demonstrating that planet formation in these cases is more complicated than traditionally thought. Additionally, the eccentricity of Ross 128 indicates that it spends some of its orbit outside of the optimistic habitable zone. Finally, our results show that Bayesian evidence, when used in conjunction with GP, is not a robust diagnostic for selecting the best model in cases of low- activity stars. In such cases, we advise an inspection of the shapes of the posterior distributions and to ensure that relevant simulations are performed to assess the validity of the perceived best model., FL, SVJ, and YT acknowledge the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (FL, SVJ: JE 701/5-1; YT: TS 356/3-1). CAH and JRB were supported by STFC under grants ST/T000295/1 and ST/X001164/1. LT-O acknowledges the support of the Israel Science Foundation through grant 1404/22. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the ERDF “A way of making Europe” through projects PID2021-125627OB-C31, PID2019-109522GB- C5[1:4], PID2019-107061GB-C64, PID2019-110689RB-100 and the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and “María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709) and Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CEX2020-001058-M). Data were partly collected with the robotic 40-cm telescope ASH2 at the SPACEOBS observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile) and the T90 telescope at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO), both operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA, CSIC). The SIMBAD database12, hosted at the CDS, Strasbourg, France, was used in this research. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services13. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work has made use of observations collected at the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes: 072.C-0488(E), 183.C-0437(A), 198.C-0838(A), 0104.C-0863(A), 077.C-0364(E), 191.C-0873(B), 191.C-0873(D), 191.C-0873(A), 191.C-0873(E), 191.C-0873(F), 1102.C-0339(A), 106.21PJ.001, and 106.21PJ.002. The analysis was carried out using the programming language Python3 (https://www.python.org/) Version 3.7.6 (Van Rossum & Drake 2009), and the accompanying software packages: Numpy (https://numpy.org/) Version 1.18.1 (Harris et al. 2020), Scipy (https://www.scipy.org/scipylib/) Version 1.4.1 (Virtanen et al. 2020), and Matplotlib (https://matplotlib.org/) Version 3.1.3 (Hunter 2007)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Unit of Excellence Maria de Maeztu" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)., Peer reviewed




Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/372006
Dataset. 2024

REDDOTS: LIMITS ON HABITABLE AND UNDETECTED PLANETS ORBITING NEARBY STARS GJ 832, GJ 674, AND ROSS 128 - APPENDICES E - H

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
  • Liebing, Florian
  • Jeffers, Sandra V.
  • Gorrini, Paula
  • Haswell, Carole A.
  • Dreizler, Stefan
  • Barnes, John R.
  • Hartogh, Paul
  • Koseleva, Valerija
  • Del Sordo, Fabio
  • Amado, Pedro J.
  • Caballero, J. A.
  • López González, Maria J.
  • Morales, Nicolás
  • Reiners, Ansgar
  • Ribas, Ignasi
  • Quirrenbach, Andreas
  • Rodríguez, Eloy
  • Tal-Or, Lev
  • Tsapras, Yiannis
The Appendices E to H with Tables E.1 and E.2, F.1 and F.2, G.1 to G.5, and Figures H.1 to H.19., Peer reviewed




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