BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

[EN]
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land-vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies., We are grateful to all the respondents who took the time to take the survey and to many colleagues for their effort done in facilitating the circulation of questionnaires. M.C.M.'s research activity was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation pro-gramme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Action (Grant agreement no. 835589, MIRROR Project) . People at the Laboratory of Ecology have been funded by the PRIN-MAHRES project (Ministry of Italian Research; MUR-017MHHWBN_003 Linea C) and by the Interreg Italia-Malta HARMONY 2016 (Grant C1-3.1-31) . C. Pita and A. Nogueira would like to thank FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020) , through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds. The authors would like to thank also the ERASMUS+-FISHAQU project (No. 610071-EPP-1-2019-1-PT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) . We deeply thank Mr. Gaspare Barbera for his technical feedback during the questionnaire design looking at it under the lens of a stakeholder. We are grateful to QUALTRICS (Inc. USA) Product Spe-cialists based in Italy to have always answered to queries about software technicality. We recognised the wide, prompt and effective support offered by the Ethical Committee at the University of Palermo in assessing the questionnaire.

The rapid, global spread of COVID-19, and the measures intended to limit or slow its propagation, are having major impacts on diverse sectors of society. Notably, these impacts are occurring in the context of other anthropogenic-driven threats including global climate change. Both anthropogenic stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic represent significant economic challenges to aquaculture systems across the globe, threatening the supply chain of one of the most important sources of animal protein, with potential disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities. A web survey was conducted in 47 countries in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess how aquaculture activities have been affected by the pandemic, and to explore how these impacts compare to those from climate change. A positive correlation between the effects of the two categories of drivers was detected, but analysis suggests that the pandemic and the anthropogenic stressors affect different parts of the supply chain. The immediate measurable reported losses varied with aquaculture typology (land vs. marine, and intensive vs. extensive). A comparably lower impact on farmers reporting the use of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) methods suggests that IMTA might enhance resilience to multiple stressors by providing different market options under the COVID-19 pandemic. Results emphasize the importance of assessing detrimental effects of COVID-19 under a multiple stressor lens, focusing on areas that have already locally experienced economic loss due to anthropogenic stressors in the last decade. Holistic policies that simultaneously address other ongoing anthropogenic stressors, rather than focusing solely on the acute impacts of COVID-19, are needed to maximize the long-term resilience of the aquaculture sector., The Open Access publication of the MS was funded by M. Cristina Mangano FOE N. 418 at Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (personal OA publication fund). People at Laboratory of Ecology have been found by the PRIN-MAHRES project (Ministry of Italian Research; MUR) 2017MHHWBN_003 Linea C and by the HARMONY Project Italy-Malta 2016 (grant C1-3.1-31) funded by the Sicilian Region and Maltese Government. A. Nogueira thanks FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies., M.C.M.'s research activity was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (Grant agreement no. 835589, MIRROR Project). People at the Laboratory of Ecology have been funded by the PRIN-MAHRES project (Ministry of Italian Research; MUR - 017MHHWBN_003 Linea C) and by the Interreg Italia-Malta HARMONY 2016 (Grant C1-3.1-31). C. Pita and A. Nogueira would like to thank FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds. The authors would like to thank also the ERASMUS+-FISHAQU project (No. 610071-EPP-1-2019-1-PT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP).

13 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures, The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies, M.C.M.'s research activity was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (Grant agreement no. 835589, MIRROR Project). People at the Laboratory of Ecology have been funded by the PRIN-MAHRES project (Ministry of Italian Research; MUR - 017MHHWBN_003 Linea C) and by the Interreg Italia-Malta HARMONY 2016 (Grant C1-3.1-31). C. Pita and A. Nogueira would like to thank FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds. The authors would like to thank also the ERASMUS+-FISHAQU project (No. 610071-EPP-1-2019-1-PT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP), Peer reviewed

25 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables.-- This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, Data from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), a wave-gauge, a met-ocean buoy and model results provide new insights into the wave regime in a partially sheltered upwelling-driven bay, the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia), and the adjacent continental shelf from June 2013 to August 2014. Swell on the NW-Iberian shelf comes mainly from NW directions, while wind sea comes from the NW under upwelling conditions, and from the SW under downwelling conditions. As the ria is protected from the NW and exposed to the SW, swell is almost always attenuated when entering the bay, and wave height inside the ria depends mostly on shelf wind sea variability. During the upwelling season, swell and wind sea barely enter the ria and wave heights inside the ria are small (0.21 m). During the downwelling season, shelf wind sea directly enters the ria, contributing more to the total wave height which achieves its maximum values (0.46 m). There is a cumulative action of wave and currents (wave current coupling, WCC) that is stronger during the downwelling season. The WCC entails an increase in the seabed energy which could reinforce bottom remineralization. The inter-annual variability (2009–2016) of winter wave height and WCC in the ria is associated with the combined role played by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and West Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA) indices. The highest waves and strongest WCC occur during the coincidence of negative NAO and positive WEPA phases and can have potentially relevant repercussions on the ecosystem services of the ria, Villacieros-Robineau and P. C. Pardo were funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 through a Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2017–34290) and a Personal Técnico de Apoyo grant (PTA2019-017492-I), respectively. Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project “STRAMIX” (CTM2012-35155), by the European Union FEDER (POCTEP) project “Radar On Raia” (0461_RADAR_ON_RAIA_1_E), by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033 project “STRAUSS” (PID2019-106008RB-C21), and by the Xunta de Galicia (Grupos de Referencia Competitiva, IN607A2016/11), Peer reviewed

VI Expanding Ocean Frontiers conference (EOF 2021), Barcelona (Spain), 5th - 7th July 2021, This study provides new insights into the wave regime and wave-current coupling in a partially sheltered upwelling-driven coastal system, the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia), and its adjacent continental shelf using data from ADCP, wave-gauge, met-ocean buoy and models results. The wave propagation from the shelf to the ria is considered during both downwelling (autumn-winter) and upwelling (spring-summer) seasons from June 2013 to August 2014. Swell on the NW Iberian shelf comes mainly from NW directions, while wind sea comes from the NW under upwelling conditions, and from the SW under downwelling conditions. As the bay is protected from the NW and exposed to the SW, swell is almost always attenuated and wave height inside the ria depends mostly on shelf wind sea variability. During the upwelling season, both swell and wind sea barely enter the ria and wave heights inside the ria are small (0.21 m). During the downwelling season, shelf wind sea directly enters the ria, contributing more to the total wave height, which achieves its maximum values (0.46 m). There is a wave-current coupling (WCC) between waves and wind-driven currents inside the ria that is stronger in the downwelling season. This strong WCC entails an increase in energy near the sea bed that reinforces benthic re-
mineralization, produces changes in the physiology of benthic organisms and has potential effects on other essential ecosystem services and human activities. The winter inter-annual variability (2009-2016) of wave height and WCC in the ria is analyzed through its relationship with the main climatic modes of the NW Iberian area. The winter wave height and WCC in the ria are controlled by the combination of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the West Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA) indices. The highest waves, strongest residual currents, and consequently increased effects of WCC occur during the coincidence of negative NAO and positive WEPA phases, N. Villacieros-Robineau and P. C. Pardo were funded by the Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290) and a Personal Técnico de Apoyo grant (PTA2019-017492-I), respectively. Funding for this study was provided by “STRAMIX” (CTM2012-35155), “Radar On Raia” (0461_RADAR_ON_RAIA_1_E), and “STRAUSS” (PID2019-106008RB-C21) projects, No

13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables.-- This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, The rapid, global spread of COVID-19, and the measures intended to limit or slow its propagation, are having major impacts on diverse sectors of society. Notably, these impacts are occurring in the context of other anthropogenic-driven threats including global climate change. Both anthropogenic stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic represent significant economic challenges to aquaculture systems across the globe, threatening the supply chain of one of the most important sources of animal protein, with potential disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities. A web survey was conducted in 47 countries in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess how aquaculture activities have been affected by the pandemic, and to explore how these impacts compare to those from climate change. A positive correlation between the effects of the two categories of drivers was detected, but analysis suggests that the pandemic and the anthropogenic stressors affect different parts of the supply chain. The immediate measurable reported losses varied with aquaculture typology (land vs. marine, and intensive vs. extensive). A comparably lower impact on farmers reporting the use of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) methods suggests that IMTA might enhance resilience to multiple stressors by providing different market options under the COVID-19 pandemic. Results emphasize the importance of assessing detrimental effects of COVID-19 under a multiple stressor lens, focusing on areas that have already locally experienced economic loss due to anthropogenic stressors in the last decade. Holistic policies that simultaneously address other ongoing anthropogenic stressors, rather than focusing solely on the acute impacts of COVID-19, are needed to maximize the long-term resilience of the aquaculture sector., The Open Access publication of the MS was funded by M. Cristina Mangano FOE N. 418 at Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (personal OA publication fund). People at Laboratory of Ecology have been found by the PRIN-MAHRES project (Ministry of Italian Research; MUR) 2017MHHWBN_003 Linea C and by the HARMONY Project Italy-Malta 2016 (grant C1-3.1-31) funded by the Sicilian Region and Maltese Government. A. Nogueira thanks FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. J.M.F. Babarro thanks project PID2019-106008RB-C21 for support through Spanish Government funds, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 3 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and two figures (cartesian and polar format) representing the mean spectrum.-- Dataset contributed to the Project STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155), 28118 Directional wave spectra obtained from ADCP currents between June 2013 and August 2014 in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia, Atlantic Ocean), STRAMIX project. First, last and mean spectra were included separately. Waves Monitor Software (RDI) was used to obtain the 28118 individual wave spectra. Criteria applied to compute parameters were: 20 minutes bursts with tilt and current correction every 10 minutes, maximum wave period of 28.6 s, sea-swell transition period of 7.3 s, 256 frequency bands, and 180 angles, Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) research project. Another project contributing to the processing of this dataset was the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project “STRAUSS” (PID2019-106008RB-C21). N.Villacieros-Robineau was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290), No

Poster.-- VIII International Symposium on Marine Science, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 6-8 July 2022, Subtidal natural beds of Polititapes rhomboides in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia) suffered massive mortality events in June 2010 (Darriba et al., 2019). Abnormal high-intensity infections of intracellular prokaryotic colonies (Rickettsiales-like) in the gills observed in the histopathological study could explain the clam’s mortality and the drop in this wild population. An atypical long period (7 months) of continuous and strong wave storms entailed high bottom boundary layer dynamics with intense sediment mobilization and resuspension. Immediately after this energetic period, warm water (17ºC) conditions near the seabed prevailed, and these could promote prokaryote colonies proliferation. Stress produced by the continuous wave impact on the seabed could have weakened the clam’s
ecophysiology inhibiting an efficient immune response. This physiological status would coincide with the expansion and infection of Rickettsial colonies in the gills, probably boosted by the warmer temperatures. This synergetic effect would have produced massive clam mortality events.
The analysis of wave climate winter variability shows an evident interannual variability related to the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and WEPA (West Europe Pressure Anomaly) climate indices (Villacieros-Robineau et al., 2021). Winters with the highest waves occur during the coincidence of negative NAO and positive WEPA phases. Warmer temperatures and low salinity conditions (downwelling scenarios) are more frequent during these severe winters. Collapses of banded carpet shell populations, with a critical reduction in the abundance and a production decline, occurred after these energetic winters (2000/2001, 2009/2010). During intermediate recovery periods (years with low
energy conditions, e.g., 2006-2009), clam populations grow until the subsequent collapse.
This multidisciplinary approach, including histopathological, oceanographic, and population ecology studies, shows that monitoring environmental stressors related to the climate indices can be used as an ecological indicator of the clam’s health population status and evolution with potential applications for managing this and other marine resources, N. Villacieros-Robineau was funded by Juan de la Cierva-Formación fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Projects: Acción de Investigación PROAMRUBIA (CIMA 19/04, Xunta de Galicia), STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) and STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, No

Poster.-- Conferencia sobre los Sistemas de Afloramiento de Borde Oriental (EBUS): Pasado, Presente y Futuro & Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre el Sistema de Corrientes de Humboldt, 19-23 de Septiembre de 2022, Lima, Perú, The wave regime in the NW Iberia coastal upwelling system is closely related to the seasonal wind regime (Villacieros-Robineau et al., 2019 and 2021). Under upwelling conditions (prevailing northerly winds, spring-summer), swell and wind sea come mainly from NW directions. When southerly winds prevail (downwelling conditions, autumn-winter), swell comes from WNW, and wind sea comes from SW directions. The coastal bays or rias of this region, mainly protected from the NW and exposed to the SW, are more vulnerable to the change in the shelf wave direction than the open coast. The wave regime on the shelf and in one of these bays, the Ría de Vigo, was studied between June 2013 and August 2014, using data from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), a wave-gauge, a met-ocean buoy, and model results. Our results indicate that swell is almost always attenuated when entering the bay, and wave height inside the ria depends mostly on shelf wind sea variability. During the upwelling season, both swell and wind sea barely enter the ria, and wave heights inside the ria are small (0.21 m). During the downwelling season, shelf wind sea directly enters the ria, contributing more to the total wave height, which achieves its maximum values (0.46 m). There is a cumulative action of wave and wind-driven currents (wave-current coupling, WCC) that is strongest during the downwelling season. The WCC entails an increase in the seabed energy, which could reinforce bottom remineralization, produce changes in the ecophysiology of benthic organisms, and have potential effects on other essential ecosystem services and human activities. The inter-annual variability (2009–2016) of winter wave height and WCC in the ria is associated with the combined role played by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and West Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA) indices. The highest waves and strongest WCC occur when negative NAO and positive WEPA phases coincide and can have potentially relevant repercussions on the ecosystem services of the ria, N. Villacieros-Robineau was funded by the Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Funding for this study was also provided by “STRAMIX” (CTM2012-35155) and “STRAUSS” (PID2019-106008RB-C21) projects, No

Conferencia sobre los Sistemas de Afloramiento de Borde Oriental (EBUS): Pasado, Presente y Futuro & Segunda Conferencia Internacional sobre el Sistema de Corrientes de Humboldt, 19-23 de Septiembre de 2022, Lima, Perú, Subtidal natural beds of Polititapes rhomboides in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia coastal upwelling system) suffered massive mortality events in June 2010 (Darriba et al., 2019). Abnormal high-intensity infections of intracellular prokaryotic colonies (Rickettsiales-like) in the gills, observed in the histopathological study, could explain the clam’s mortality and the drop in this wild population. An atypical long period (7 months) of continuous and strong wave storms entailed high bottom boundary layer dynamics with intense sediment mobilization and resuspension. Immediately after this energetic period, warm water (17ºC) conditions near the seabed prevailed, and these could promote prokaryote colonies proliferation. Stress produced by the continuous wave impact on the seabed could have weakened the clam’s ecophysiology inhibiting an efficient immune response. This physiological status would coincide with the expansion and infection of Rickettsial colonies in the gills, probably boosted by the warmer temperatures. This synergetic effect would have produced massive clam mortality events.
The analysis of wave climate winter variability shows an evident interannual variability related to the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and WEPA (West Europe Pressure Anomaly) climate indices (Villacieros-Robineau et al., 2021). Winters with the highest waves occur during the coincidence of negative NAO and positive WEPA phases. Warmer temperatures and low salinity conditions (downwelling scenarios) are more frequent during these severe winters. Collapses of banded carpet shell populations, with a critical reduction in the abundance and a production decline, occurred after these energetic winters (2000/2001, 2009/2010). During intermediate recovery periods (years with low energy conditions, e.g., 2006-2009), clam populations grow until the subsequent collapse.
This multidisciplinary approach, including histopathological, oceanographic, and population ecology studies, shows that monitoring environmental stressors related to the climate indices can be used as an ecological indicator of the clam’s health population status and evolution with potential applications for managing this and other marine resources, N. Villacieros-Robineau was funded by the Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Funding for this study was also provided by “STRAMIX” (CTM2012-35155), “STRAUSS” (PID2019-106008RB-C21) projects and Acción de Investigación PROAMRUBIA (CIMA 19/04), No

Poster.-- 4th Congress of the International Society of Fish & Shellfish Immunology, December 12-15, 2022, Bode, Norway, High-energy hydrodynamic events associated with currents and waves may disturb bivalve mollusks' ecophysiology, especially those buried in the sea bed where the bottom boundary layer dynamics may mobilize and resuspend the surface sediments. Evidence of massive mortality for the clam Polititapes rhomboides (banded carpet shell clam) in 2010 in Galicia (NW Spain) has been associated to warm water temperatures and high wave magnitudes above climatic averages and the presence of rickettsias (intracellular prokaryotic colonies) in gills. To monitor in the laboratory the environmental conditions observed in 2010, clams were subjected to intense sediment mobilization (four cycles of sediment remobilization, each followed by a calm period) and seawater warming (from 15°C to 18°C). Immune system, behavioral, and ecophysiological clams' responses were then evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) production increased synergistically with seawater warming and sediment remobilization. Taking into account the four cycles of sediment remobilization, clams responded by increasing NO production as early as the first cycle in what we could call an acute effect. However, the most striking effect was the increased NO response after a second stimulation (the following sediment remobilization cycles), suggesting that clams achieve a kind of alertness the first time they are exposed to a stimulus through a mechanism possibly related to "trained immunity". Seawater warming and sediment mobilization presented also synergistic effects causing the lowest valve opening amplitude. Besides, sediment remobilization caused abrupt decrease in clearance rates of clams suggesting that reduced valve opening during this stage may have altered filtration processes of phytoplankton uptake. Metabolic rate as oxygen consumption showed a synergistic increase with both abiotic stressors.
Considering the NO response and the ecophysiology data we could suggest that clams respond to stress increasing metabolism to obtain energy (ATP) and oxygen consumption by aerobic respiration. ATP production involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including NO as by-products. The anti-oxidant system can balance the ROS production but this could be drastically altered (disruption of cytoskeleton and apoptotic cell death) if ROS production is greater and faster than the antioxidant system can regulate, which seems not to be the case for this particular experiment, Project PID2019-106008RB-C21 financed by MCIN/AEl/10.13039/501100011033, No

Poster.-- Clivar 2023, Towards an integrated view of climate, 24-26 January, Madrid, Several massive mortality events and drops in catches of wild clam beds (Polititapes rhomboides) have been reported during the last decades in the Galician rias (NW Iberia coastal upwelling system). In June 2010, one of these mortality events was detected and monitored in the Ría de Vigo until 2021 (Acción CIMA 19/04, Darriba et al., 2019). The histopathological analysis showed an abnormal high-intensity infection of intracellular prokaryotic colonies (Rickettsiales-like) in the gills of the affected clams that was suggested as the cause of mortality.
We hypothesized that an atypical long period (7 months, autumn 2009 to spring 2010) of continuous and strong wave storms could be the precursor of these infections. Strong waves entailed high bottom boundary layer dynamics with intense sediment mobilization and resuspension inside the ria, which could have weakened the clams' ecophysiology inhibiting an efficient immune response. On top of that, warm water conditions (17ºC) near the seabed prevailed immediately after this energetic period, and could have promoted the prokaryote colonies proliferation. The synergetic effect of stress produced by the continuous wave impact on the seabed and the expansion and infection of Rickettsial colonies would have led to the clams' mortality.
The variability of mean winter wave conditions inside the ria was recently associated with the combination of NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and WEPA (West Europe Pressure Anomaly) climate indices (Villacieros-Robineau et al., 2021). Winters with the highest waves occur during negative NAO and/or positive WEPA phases. Warmer temperatures and low salinity conditions (downwelling scenarios) are more frequent during these severe winters. Considering these previous results and following our main hypothesis, we investigated the link between the interannual variability of mean wave height, the infection intensity, and the evolution of the clams’ population. Collapses of banded carpet shell populations, with a critical reduction in the abundance and catch declines, occurred after energetic winters (2000/2001, 2009/2010, 2019/2020, 2020/2021). During intermediate recovery periods (years with low-medium energy conditions, e.g., 2006-2009), clam populations grow until the subsequent collapse.
This multidisciplinary approach, including histopathological, oceanographic, and population ecology studies, shows that monitoring environmental stressors related to climatic indices can be used as an ecological indicator of the health status and evolution of clams’ populations with potential applications for managing this and other marine resources, N. Villacieros-Robineau was funded by Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI‐2017–34290 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Projects: Acción de Investigación PROAMRUBIA (CIMA 19/04, Xunta de Galicia), STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155), and STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, No

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 4 figures representing the buoy and the three experiments.-- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), GPS fixes of the drifts of manufactured buoys (GPRS) under Radar On Raia Project. These buoys were used in three short experiments (< 2 day) in July - september 2022 in order to collect lagrangian observations of the superficial currents of Ría de Vigo. The data collected can also be used to validate the data collected by the HF Radar of RAIA_Vigo system. http://radaronraia.eu/, Funding for this experiments were provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

Documental.-- Datos técnicos: 5:32 minutos, 1080p (HD), 16:9, color, castellano.-- Ficha técnica: Cristian Bastias Urbieta (Guion, Montaje y Edición, Voz), Adrián Martínez Fernández (Montaje y Edición, Supervisión), Elsa Silva Caride (Grabación y supervisión), Manuel Enrique García Blanco (Grabación), José Manuel Fernández Babarro (Supervisión), Miguel Gil Coto (Supervisión).--
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Breve documental del proceso de cultivo de mejillón en Galicia, perteneciente a los talleres escolares desarrollados bajo el marco del proyecto STRAUSS, Este vídeo ha sido producido bajo el marco del proyecto STRAUSS Effects of Ocean Waves in the Rías Baixas Upwelling System: surface dynamics on selected biological case studies. (Proyecto PID2019-106008RB-C21 está financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 en la modalidad Proyectos I+D+i «Retos Investigación», No

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from ACDP currents of a RDI 600-kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in Cabo do Mar from November 2020 to December 2020 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from ACDP currents of a RDI 600-kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in Cabo do Mar from October 2020 to November 2020 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from ACDP currents of a RDI 600-kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in Cíes Sur from in May 2022 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

Poster.-- Clivar 2023, Towards an integrated view of climate, 24-26 January, Madrid, The wave regime in the NW Iberia coastal upwelling system is closely related to the seasonal wind regime (Villacieros-Robineau et al., 2019 and 2021). Under upwelling conditions (prevailing northerly winds, spring-summer), swell and wind sea come mainly from NW directions. When southerly winds prevail (downwelling conditions, autumn-winter), swell comes from WNW while wind sea comes from SW directions. The inner areas of coastal bays (rias) of this region are protected from the NW and exposed to the SW, being more vulnerable to the change in the shelf wave direction than the open coast. The wave regime on the shelf and in one of these bays, the Ría de Vigo, was studied between June 2013 and August 2014, using data from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP; 600 kHz RDI Workhorse Sentinel), a wave-gauge (Vigo Miros Radar), a met-ocean buoy (Silleiro Seawatch buoy), and model results (Copernicus IBI-WAV Reanalysis and SIMAR hindcast). Our results indicate that swell is almost always attenuated when entering the bay, and wave height inside the ria depends mostly on shelf wind sea variability. During the upwelling season, both swell and wind sea barely enter the ria, and wave heights inside the ria are small (Hs50% = 0.21 m). During the downwelling season, shelf wind sea directly enters the ria, contributing more to the total wave height, which achieves its maximum values (Hs50% = 0.46 m). There is a cumulative action of wave and wind-driven currents (wave-current coupling, WCC) that is strongest during the downwelling season. The WCC entails an increase in seabed energy, which could reinforce bottom remineralization, produce changes in the ecophysiology of benthic organisms, and have potential effects on other essential ecosystem services and human activities (Villacieros-Robineau et al., 2017, 2022). The inter-annual variability (2009–2016) of winter wave height and WCC in the ria is associated with the combined role played by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and West Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA) indices. The highest waves and strongest WCC occur when negative NAO and positive WEPA phases coincide and can have potentially relevant repercussions on the ecosystem services of the ria, N. Villacieros-Robineau and P. C. Pardo were funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 through a Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2017–34290) and a Personal Técnico de Apoyo grant (PTA2019-017492-I), respectively. Projects: STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) and STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, No

18 pages.-- Proyecto Strauss: Effects of Ocean Waves in the Rías Baixas Upwelling System: surface dynamics on selected biological case studies, El impacto de la comunicación y difusión de un proyecto depende en gran medida de una planificación estratégica y una gestión eficaz de las herramientas y actividades comunicativas, por ello en el presente documento se detalla el Plan de Comunicación Externa y Difusión del proyecto STRAUSS., Proyecto PID2019-106008RB-C21, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 la modalidad Proyectos I+D+i «Retos Investigación», No

21 pages, El grado de éxito de un taller de educación ambiental y marina depende en gran parte de una planificación estratégica del mismo, por ello en el presente documento se detalla el Programa de educación ambiental y marina del taller escolar del proyecto STRAUSS, Proyecto STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21) está financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 en la modalidad Proyectos I+D+i «Retos Investigación», No

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from RBR Duet in Cies Sur from October 2021 to January 2022 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from RBR Duet in Cabo do Mar from November 2020 to January 2021 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from RBR Duo in Cabo do mar from October 2021 to June 2022 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from RBR Duo in Limens from October 2021 to Jun 2022 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from RBR Duo in Limens from February 2021 to May 2021 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from ACDP currents of a RDI 600-kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in Cíes Sur from May 2022 to June 2022 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files: the dataset in netcdf format, a Readme.txt file including a small description of the computed variables, and 1 figure showing the instrument used, Wave parameters obtained from RBR Duo in Cabo do Mar from February 2021 to October 2021 under the framework of the STRAUSS project in order to evaluate the effects of ocean waves in selected biological case studies of the Rías Baixas Upwelling System, Funding for this deployment was provided by Project 𝐏𝐈𝐃𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟗-𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟖𝐑𝐁-𝐂𝟐𝟏, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 in the R&D Projects “Research Challenges” modality, Peer reviewed

2 pages, 1 figure.-- MARTECH23, 10th Marine International Workshop on Marine Technology, 19-20 de Junio de 2023, Castellón de la Plana, Two designs of lagrangian low-cost drifting buoys have been developed in order to monitor the ocean surface dynamics in the North-west Iberian Peninsula and provide ground-truth observations that can be used to assess the performance of High Frequency (HF) Radars of RAIA observatory from 2020 to 2022. Since regression model type I, which is typically used in buoy-HF radar antennas validations, does not consider the presence of errors in the observations from both instruments, regression model type II was proposed to instrument intercomparison. Furthermore, a new metric was developed to better assess both model types regressions in lagrangian validations, The authors also would like to thank the support from projects RADAR ON RAIA (0461_RADAR ON RAIA_1_E, co- funded by the European Union through EP-INTERREG V-A España-Portugal POCTEP program) and STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, No

2 pages, 1 figure, 1 table.-- MARTECH23, 10th Marine International Workshop on Marine Technology, 19-20 de Junio de 2023, Castellón de la Plana, High-Frequency Non-Invasive (HFNI) instruments are currently used in bivalve mollusks in order to use them as bio-indicators of the local conditions of the environment. Under the STRAUSS project an Arduino controlled equipment has been developed to log the valve movements activity of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) using Hall-effect sensors. The equipment is able to record at 10Hz the signals of 27 Hall-sensors, temperature, fluorescence and , to store the records in internal microSD cards and to send the stream of data to in premisses data servers for storing and plotting them, The authors also would like to thank the support of project STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and project ATLAZUL (0755_ATLAZUL_6_E), co-funded by the INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal Cooperation Program (POCTEP) 2014-2020, No

Poster.-- Encontros IIM 4ª fase, Vigo, 24 novembro 2023, Apoio dos proxectos REDEIRA (Proyecto Estratégico Orientado a la Transición Ecológica y a la Transición Digital; Ref: TED2021-132188B-IOO) e STRAUSS (MCIN/AEl/10.13039/501100011033; Ref: PID2019-106008RB-C21), No

15 pages, 7 figures, 1 table.-- Under a Creative Commons license, Infaunal organisms living within marine sediments can provide valuable information about the effect of key environmental factors, acting as ecological indicators e.g. species composition and diversity, tolerance to pollution, or resilience degree facing abiotic stressors such as wave storm events. These organisms may modify their environment through burrowing behavior, enhancing mixing, and nutrient and oxygen cycling, which are crucial for ecosystem health. Simultaneously, such high-energy events (wave storms) may impair the ecophysiology of organisms, altering trophic interactions in this particular food web. A set of behavioral, ecophysiological, and stress/immune responses were monitored for the infaunal clam Polititapes rhomboides exposed to key abiotic stressors identified in our coasts (Rías Baixas, NW Iberian Peninsula) as drivers of massive mortality events in the past: sediment mobilization disturbance (SM) in the bottom seafloor, and seawater warming (SW). Valve opening was clearly reduced during physical disturbance while minor effects were observed for temperature increase (+3 °C, from 15 °C to 18 °C). Nevertheless, a highly resilient behavior was noted for the shell opening of clams (crucial for vital physiological functions) after each physical disturbance cycle, with similar profiles to organisms kept under control calm scenarios. The physiology of clams was also altered by sediment mobilization, resulting in a decline of clearance rates (feeding activity) but only with regard to short-term periods after disturbance (e.g. hours). In contrast, temperature increase caused clearance rates to also increase significantly, linked to the optimal diet supplemented during the experiment. The combination of both stressors (sediment mobilization and temperature increase simultaneously) resulted in elevated oxygen consumption rates and nitric oxide production by the clams as activated responses to stress. Again, the ability of the clams to recover from physical disturbance and re-burrow after each disturbance cycle was notorious, most likely escaping from warmer seawater. Clams were able to increase feeding activities (clearance rates) when sediment mobilization ceased based on optimal food availability that counterbalanced the increase in metabolic expenditure during disturbance, although far from the energetic uptake capacity of undisturbed clams. Neither mortality nor dramatic metabolic changes were reported for P. rhomboides subjected to physical disturbance and warming proposed in this survey. Optimal food resource availability has been crucial for the clams to recover from abiotic stressors despite the reported energetic vulnerability index (SFG). The stressors investigated here would act at a greater magnitude in the natural environment, with much more heterogeneity regarding to trophic conditions. Changes in the dynamics of coastal areas driven by heterogeneous (high-energy) environments linked to hydrodynamics would affect not only biodiversity maintenance but also the socioeconomic sectors involved and therefore, its comprehension would be crucial for the resilience of natural systems under Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), This work was supported by Project PID2019-106008RB-C21 (STRAUSS) financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Goverment of Spain), Peer reviewed

19 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables.-- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), A general decline in foundation species at the rocky intertidal has been observed during the last decades all around the world and primarily related to climate change. In agreement with that trend, the mussel aquaculture sector in Galicia (NW Spain), the main production area in Europe, has warned over the last years about a decline in the availability of wild mussel seed from the rocky coast. Here we compile for the first time, mussel seed collection reports by mussel farmers in Galicia for the period 2006–2021. We employed that dataset as a proxy of mussel recruitment evolution in the rocky shore for the last 16 years. Temporal analysis of our data confirmed the reported decline (-148 t yr-1), particularly pronounced from 2012 onwards. The data base also allowed us to analyze inter-annual variability according to both, climatic variations and management scenarios. Since cultivated mussels conform a meta-population with wild mussels from the rocky shore, alterations on the market preferences towards smaller individuals at harvest, could also contribute to a reduction in reproductive output. Our results show a decrease in life-time egg production under certain scenarios. Nonetheless, coastal upwelling seems to be the largest factor conditioning recruitment abundance, explaining as much as 60% of the variability observed. Decline on recruitment abundance was highly modulated by the observed increment in frequency of intense upwelling events, exceeding 500 m3 km-1 s-1 between July and November. Meridional winds also determined the spatial recruitment patterns, pointing to the large role of wind forcing on mussel larval dispersal. Our results highlights how alterations on upwelling regimes related to climate change can interact with mussel population dynamics and also condition aquaculture sustainability and food security, This work was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through REDEIRA (Ref: TED2021-132188B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR) and STRAUSS (Ref: PID2019-106008RB-C21) projects, as well as by The Marine Science Program, ThinkInAzul, in Galicia supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Xunta de Galicia (Working Package: PT7) with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, Peer reviewed

Poster.-- Encontros IIM 5ª fase, Vigo, 28 de xuño de 2024, Los regímenes de oleaje constituyen la evaluación estadística de todas las condiciones (altura de oleaje, periodo, dirección...) del campo de oleaje en un lugar o región durante un tiempo determinado con el objetivo de definir aquellos estados de mar (combinaciones de parámetros de oleaje) que predominan en esa zona y durante ese tiempo.
Su estudio es importante ya que proporcionan información relevante entre otros para gestión costera, diseño de infraestructuras, energía oceánica, seguridad y tráfico marítimo, Esta investigación está financiada por la Unión Europea -NexGenerationEU- como parte del programa del MITECO para el Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia español (Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia de la Unión Europea establecido por el Reglamento (EU) 2020/2094), y está asignada al CSIC, AZTI, SOCIB y las universidades de Vigo y Cádiz y Proyecto STRAUSS (PID2019-106008RB-C21) financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 en la modalidad Proyectos I+D+i «Retos Investigación», No