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Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) improvement by biological activity of root endophytic fungi
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
- Poveda, Jorge
- Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo
- Soengas, Pilar
- Rodríguez, Víctor M.
- Cartea González, María Elena
- Abilleira, Rosaura
- Velasco, Pablo
12 páginas, 3 tablas, 6 figuras, Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a cruciferous vegetable widely cultivated for its leaves and fower buds in Atlantic Europe and the Mediterranean area, being a food of great interest as a "superfood" today. Little has been studied about the diversity of endophytic fungi in the Brassica genus, and there are no studies regarding kale. In this study, we made a survey of the diversity of endophytic fungi present in the roots of six diferent Galician kale local populations. In addition, we investigated whether the presence of endophytes in the roots was benefcial to the plants in terms of growth, cold tolerance, or resistance to bacteria and insects. The fungal isolates obtained belonged to 33 diferent taxa. Among those, a Fusarium sp. and Pleosporales sp. A between Setophoma and Edenia (called as Setophoma/Edenia) were present in many plants of all fve local populations, being possible components of a core kale microbiome. For the frst time, several interactions between endophytic fungus and Brassica plants are described and is proved how diferent interactions are benefcial for the plant. Fusarium sp. and Pleosporales sp. B close to Pyrenophora (called as Pyrenophora) promoted plant growth and increased cold tolerance. On the other hand, isolates of Trichoderma sp., Pleosporales sp. C close to Phialocephala (called as Phialocephala), Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Setophoma/Edenia and Acrocalymma sp. were able to activate plant systemic resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. We also observed that Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp. and Setophoma/Edenia confered resistance against Mamestra brassicae larvae., Tis research was financially supported by project RTI2018-096591-B-I00 34 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). JP has a contract from the Xunta de Galicia IN607A2016/13. Authors want to thank Dr. Rieta Gols (Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Te Netherlands) for providing us with Mamestra eggs and for the unvaluable inputs in this manuscript., Peer reviewed