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Plano general del interior de la biblioteca José Jiménez Lozano del Instituto Cervantes de Utrecht

Plano general del interior de la biblioteca José Jiménez Lozano del Instituto Cervantes de Utrecht

Plano general del interior de la biblioteca José Jiménez Lozano del Instituto Cervantes de Utrecht

Plano general del interior de la biblioteca José Jiménez Lozano del Instituto Cervantes de Utrecht

Plano general del interior de la biblioteca José Jiménez Lozano del Instituto Cervantes de Utrecht

Between 30 June and 10 July 2013 we conducted a field experiment in central Spain to investigate the suitability of different plant species to attract ants as a tool used by European Honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) in anting behaviour, under the assumption that buzzards would prefer easy-to-collect twigs from plants that effectively attract ants to perform anting behaviour. First, we estimated the strength needed to break 30 fresh twigs from the species that the buzzard used most frequently (maple tree), as well as from other abundant plants in the community, including rock rose, hawthorn, and Pyrenean oak. Second, we conducted a selection experiment at 23 random points to compare the effectiveness of ant attraction by these four species, measured as the total number of ants attracted, Peer reviewed

This dataset is related to the paper "Drivers of atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at European high-altitude sites" by Arellano et al. , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in bulk atmospheric deposition samples collected at four European high mountain areas, Gossenköllesee (Tyrolean Alps), Redon (Central Pyrenees), Skalnate Pleso (High Tatra Mountains) and Lochnagar (Grampian Mountains) between 2004 and 2006. Sample collection was performed monthly in the first three sites and biweekly in Lochnagar. The number of sites, period of study and sampling frequency provide the most comprehensive description of PAH fallout in high mountain areas addressed so far. The average PAH deposition fluxes in Gossenköllesee, Redon and Lochnagar ranged between 0.8–2.1µgm−2mo−1, and in Skalnate Pleso it was 9.7µgm−2mo−1, showing the influence of substantial inputs from regional emission sources. The deposited distributions of PAH were dominated by parent phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, representing 32–60% of total. The proportion of phenanthrene, the most abundant compound, was higher at the sites of lower temperature, Gossenköllesee and Skalnate Pleso, showing higher transfer from gas phase to particles of the more volatile PAHs. The sites with lower insolation, e.g. those located at lower altitude, were those with higher proportion of photooxidable compounds such as benz[a]anthracene. According to the data analysed, precipitation is the main driver of PAH fallout. However, when rain and snow deposition were low, particle settling also constitutes an efficient driver for PAH deposition. Redon and Lochnagar were the two sites receiving highest rain and snow and the fallout of PAH fluxes was related to this precipitation. No significant association was observed between long-range backward air trajectories and PAH deposition in Lochnagar, but in Redon PAH fallout at higher precipitation was essentially related with air masses originating from the North Atlantic, which were dominant between November and May (cold season). In these cases, particle normalized PAH fallout was also associated to higher precipitation as these air masses were concurrent with lower temperatures, which enhanced gas to particle partitioning transfer. In the warm season (June–October), most of the air masses arriving to Redon originated from the south and particle deposition was enhanced as consequence of Saharan inputs. In these cases, particle settling was also a driver of PAH deposition despite the low overall PAH content of the Saharan particles. In Gossenköllesee, the site receiving lowest precipitation, PAH fallout was also related to particle deposition. The particle normalized PAH fluxes were significantly negatively correlated to temperature, e.g. for air masses originating from Central/Eastern Europe, showing a dominant transfer from gas phase to particles at lower temperatures, which enhanced PAH fallout, mainly of the most volatile hydrocarbons. Comparison of PAH atmospheric deposition and lacustrine sedimentary fluxes showed much higher values in the latter case, 24–100µgm−2yr−1 vs. 120–3000µgm−2yr−1, respectively. A strong significant correlation was observed between these two fluxes which is consistent with a dominant origin related with atmospheric deposition at each site., Peer reviewed

Between 1988 and 2016, we investigated the effects of breeding density and body size on natal dispersal propensity in a pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) population breeding in nest-boxes in two different habitats in central Spain (41°04'N, 3°27'W − 40°40'N, 4°80'W). Body size was measured as tarsus length. Breeding density was estimated as the annual number of nest-boxes occupied by pied flycatchers relative to the total area of each forest patch. Dispersal rates between habitats were also calculated by dividing the number of recruits that moved from their natal to the alternative habitat patch by the total number of recruits that returned to the study area each year. In addition, we calculated the annual rates of immigration to each habitat, expressed as the number of unbanded birds relative to the total number of birds in a given year., Peer reviewed