BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

S1. Synthesis of cycloalkyne ligand S2. Synthesis of RGD azide S3. Reaction yields and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized compounds Tables and Figures, Peer reviewed

Synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of the NPs, stability of the NPs in diverse media, further details of the PC study and in vitro degradation study, fluorescent examination of tissue sections, in vivo toxicity study, and EDC of the NPs in the liver and spleen., Peer reviewed

Table S1. Hydrodynamic size and ζ-potential of magnetic nanoparticles. Table S2. Iron concentration located inside the cells. Figure S1. Sterility assay. Figure S2. MNP toxicity assay in 2D cell cultures. Figure S3. MNP toxicity evaluated in 3D models. Figure S4. Magnetic characterization of the 3D models., Peer reviewed

Dades associades a l' article publicat: Pérez-Losada, J. & Fort, J. (2018). A serial founder effect model of phonemic diversity based on phonemic loss in low-density populations. PLoS ONE, vol. 13, núm. 6, p. e0198346. Disponible a https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198346, The zip file contains the following documents and files: - S1 Text: Supplementary results in DOCX, available at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198346.s001. This document contains different graphic simulations that complement the results mentioned in the published article. Graphics have been calculated from the data collected in the "Language database".

- S1 Database in XLSX available at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198346.s002. It is the Language database that contains the list of phonemes for 359 languages. For each language are provided the number of phonemes and the distance from the origin of the out-of-Africa. For these 359 languages, 908 different phonemes have been found. First, all languages ​​in the dataset were coded in strings of "1" and "0". This leads to a "full" matrix of 359 rows (languages) x 908 columns (phonemes). The presence of a phoneme is marked with a "1" in the corresponding position. The absence of a given phoneme is marked with a "0". Data from this database are used to generate the observed phonetic cline and the simulated phonemic cline, explained in the published article. - Two programs in FORTRAN to carry out the numerical simulations based on the data collected in the Language database (S1): S1 Software is the SFE with phonemic loss program, available at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198346.s003 (ZIP) and S2 Software is the program to compute diversity tF of languages at given distance intervals, available at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198346.s004 (ZIP), It has been observed that the number of phonemes in languages in use today tends to decrease with increasing distance from Africa. A previous formal model has recently reproduced the observed cline, but under two strong assumptions. Here we tackle the question of whether an alternative explanation for the worldwide phonemic cline is possible, by using alternative assumptions. The answer is affirmative. We show this by formalizing a proposal, following Atkinson, that this pattern may be due to a repeated bottleneck effect and phonemic loss. In our simulations, low-density populations lose phonemes during the Out-of-Africa dispersal of modern humans. Our results reproduce the observed global cline for the number of phonemes. In addition, we also detect a cline of phonemic diversity and reproduce it using our simulation model. We suggest how future work could determine whether the previous model or the new one (or even a combination of them) is valid. Simulations also show that the clines can still be present even 300 kyr after the Out-of-Africa dispersal, which is contrary to some previous claims which were not supported by numerical simulations​