BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Introduction: theories related to body image suggest that the influence of sociocultural patterns encourages women to internalize certain patterns and develop a high drive towards thinness. Objective: to analyze a model based on the Tripartite Influence Model that explains how social pressures contribute to greater body dissatisfaction that would lead to feelings of low self-esteem, fear of gaining weight, and a greater desire to lose weight in patients with eating disorders. Method: the sample consisted of 195 women with an age range of 12 to 30 years (M = 18.63, SD = 2.87) diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The patients were interviewed for their diagnosis and two psychometric instruments were also applied. Subsequently, through a structural equation modeling analysis, a model was proposed for the patients. Results: the sociocultural factor that contributed the most to explain body dissatisfaction was the influence of the family. The model had a good fit. Discussion: the evidence obtained suggests that sociocultural factors, and in particular the influence exerted by the family, would contribute to the processes of body image formation in patients with eating disorders. The results of this study can be used by health professionals focused on patients with eating disorders in both clinical and research settings., Introducción: las teorías socioculturales de formación de la imagen corporal sugieren que las presiones ejercidas por determinados agentes sociales fomentan la interiorización de ciertos patrones y el impulso hacia la delgadez por parte de la mujer. Objetivo: analizar un modelo basado en el Modelo Tripartito de Influencia Sociocultural que explique cómo las presiones sociales contribuyen a una mayor insatisfacción corporal. Método: la muestra estuvo conformada por 195 mujeres con un rango de edad de 12 a 30 años (M = 18.63, DT = 2.87) con diagnóstico de anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastorno de alimentación no especificado. Se entrevistó a las pacientes para su diagnóstico y además se aplicaron dos instrumentos psicométricos. Los datos se analizaron empleando técnicas de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: el factor sociocultural que contribuyó en mayor medida a explicar la insatisfacción corporal fue la influencia de la familia. El modelo tuvo un buen ajuste. Discusión: Las evidencias obtenidas sugieren que los factores socioculturales, y en particular la influencia ejercida por la familia, contribuirían a los procesos de formación de la imagen corporal en pacientes con trastornos alimentarios. Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser utilizados por profesionales de la salud enfocados a pacientes con trastornos alimentarios tanto en el ámbito clínico como de investigación, principalmente en la parte de tratamiento de estas pacientes.

Multiple studies have addressed body dissatisfaction in the past few years due to its relevant relationship with eating and body dysmorphic disorders. However, there is a lack of research on body dissatisfaction in people with intellectual disabilities. The study aimed to determine the level of body image dissatisfaction in people with mild intellectual disabilities. Qualitative research was applied at two different moments (studies 1 and 2). The first interview (study 1) was composed of 32 semi-structured questions and applied to 26 participants (16 women and 10 men) who answered if they felt comfortable or uncomfortable about their bodies’ appearance. A second session (study 2) was conducted with the seven participants that reported body dissatisfaction in study 1 (five men and two women). The second interview includes 24 questions focusing on the behavioural aspects related to such dissatisfaction. Six themes were identified related to body image, environment, and social media on study 1, and eating, checking behaviour, and physical activity on study 2. Overall, participants were found to have an established and accepted body identity in study 1. however, in study 2, most of them wanted to change their body shape to become “thinner” or “more muscular” under the prism of the Tripartite Influence Model., Múltiples estudios han abordado la insatisfacción corporal en los últimos años por su relevante relación con los trastornos dismórficos corporales y de la alimentación. Sin embargo, falta investigación sobre la insatisfacción corporal en personas con discapacidad intelectual. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal en personas con discapacidad intelectual leve y moderada. La investigación cualitativa se aplicó en dos momentos diferentes (estudios 1 y 2). La primera entrevista (estudio 1) estuvo compuesta por 32 preguntas semiestructuradas y se aplicó a 26 participantes (16 mujeres y 10 hombres) quienes respondieron si se sentían cómodos o incómodos con la apariencia de su cuerpo. Se realizó una segunda sesión (estudio 2) con los siete participantes (5 hombres y 2 mujeres) que manifestaron insatisfacción corporal en el estudio 1. La segunda entrevista estaba compuesta por 24 preguntas centradas en los aspectos conductuales relacionados con dicha insatisfacción. Se identificaron seis temas relacionados con: imagen corporal, ambiente, medios de comunicación en el estudio 1; y dieta, conductas de verificación y actividad física en el estudio 2. En general, se encontró que los participantes tenían una identidad corporal establecida y aceptada en el estudio 1. sin embargo, en el estudio 2, la mayoría querían cambiar la forma de su cuerpo para volverse “más delgados” o “más musculosos” bajo el prisma del Modelo de Influencia Tripartita.

The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between different types of social networking activities and body dissatisfaction, internalization of beauty ideals and body appreciation in adult women in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 121 women aged 18 to 65 (M = 36.59, SD = 12.59). Participants completed a survey on social networks, the EDI-2 Eating Behavior Inventory, the SATAQ-3 Questionnaire on beauty ideals and the BAS-2 Body Appreciation scale. A cross-sectional design was used. Pearson correlations were calculated indicating that a higher frequency of social media activities was positively associated with body dissatisfaction and internalization of beauty ideals and negatively associated with body appreciation. Posting transient status updates and checking to see what their contacts are doing were found to be the activities most associated with negative aspects of body image. The Macro Process was used to carry out mediation and moderation analysis. The results indicated that within the social networking activities, transient status updates had no direct effect on body dissatisfaction but there was a significant indirect effect through the mediating role of body appreciation. Age was not a moderator of this mediation. Body appreciation was shown to be a protective variable for body dissatisfaction towards certain activities in social networks in adult women., El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre distintos tipos de actividades realizadas en redes sociales y la insatisfacción corporal, la internalización de los ideales de belleza y la apreciación corporal en mujeres adultas de la región metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La muestra se constituyó por 121 mujeres de 18 a 65 años (M = 36.59, DE = 12.59). Se utilizó una encuesta sobre redes sociales, el Inventario EDI-2 de Conductas Alimentarias, el Cuestionario SATAQ-3 sobre ideales de belleza y la escala BAS-2 de Apreciación Corporal. Se empleó un diseño de tipo transversal. Se calcularon correlaciones de Pearson que indicaron que una mayor frecuencia de actividades en redes sociales tenía una asociación positiva con la insatisfacción corporal y la internalización de los ideales de belleza y negativa con la apreciación corporal. Publicar actualizaciones de estado transitorias y chequear para ver que están haciendo sus contactos resultaron ser las actividades más vinculadas con aspectos negativos de la imagen corporal. Se empleó el Macro Process para efectuar análisis de mediación y moderación. Los resultados indicaron que dentro de las actividades realizadas en redes sociales, la actualización de estados transitorios no tenía un efecto directo en la insatisfacción corporal, pero había un efecto significativo indirecto a través del papel mediador de la apreciación corporal. La edad no resultó moderadora de esta mediación. La apreciación corporal mostró ser una variable protectora de la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal frente a ciertas actividades en redes sociales en mujeres adultas.

The perception of body image is usually affected in the different stages of a woman's life. The practice of physical exercise would be related to an improvement in the perception of body image, so it is important to investigate how the practice of physical exercise affects body image in the postpartum stage, since at this stage the perception is usually more negative . For this purpose, an online questionnaire was designed, consisting of socio-demographic questions, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 80 Spanish women, aged between 23 and 42 years, who were mothers in 2020 and 2021. The results show that the Body Mass Index is positively and significantly associated with body dissatisfaction.  However, in relation to physical exercise, the results showed an inverse relationship. The women with the highest body dissatisfaction were those with the highest Body Mass Index and the highest level of physical activity, with Body Mass Index being the variable that most explained body dissatisfaction., La percepción de la imagen corporal suele verse afectada en las diferentes etapas de la vida de la mujer. La práctica de ejercicio físico está relacionada con una mejora de la percepción de la imagen corporal, por lo que resulta importante investigar para conocer cómo afecta la práctica de ejercicio físico a la imagen corporal en la etapa postparto, ya que en esta etapa la percepción suele ser más negativa. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario en línea compuesto por cuestiones sociodemográficas, se evaluó el nivel de actividad física a través del International Physical Activity Questionnaire y la satisfacción corporal a través del Body Shape Questionnaire. La muestra ha sido compuesta por 80 mujeres españolas, de edades comprendidas entre 23 y 42 años que han sido madres en los años 2020 y 2021. Los resultados muestran que el Índice de Masa Corporal está asociado positiva y significativamente con la insatisfacción corporal. Sin embargo, en relación con el ejercicio físico, los resultados mostraron una relación inversa a la esperada. Aquellas mujeres que presentaban mayor insatisfacción corporal fueron las que más Índice de Masa Corporal tenía y más práctica de actividad física realizaban, siendo el Índice de Masa Corpora la variable que más explicaba la insatisfacción corporal.

The affective aversive response derived from considering that one’s own body might be negatively evaluated (i.e., social-physique anxiety) has been identified as an important antecedent of various health consequences. However, the connection between sociocultural pressures orienting towards prevailing Western body ideals and physical-social anxiety remains to date unexplored. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of sociocultural pressure towards thin body and mesomorphic body ideals perceived from three different sources (i.e., media, family, and peers) on social-physique anxiety in a sample of preadolescents. A longitudinal design and a non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique were used. A total of 651 students (50.4% girls) from 12 schools enrolled in the study. Self-report data were collected on two occasions over a 12-month period, which coincided with the 6th year of primary school and the 1st year of Compulsory Secondary Education. Statistical analyses involved testing different multilevel regression models (Linear Mixed Regression Models). The results showed a gender-differentiated pattern of influence of socio-cultural pressure on social-physique anxiety. The perception of pressure towards the mesomorphic body ideal originating in the media explained social-physique anxiety in boys, while the same was true for the perception of pressure towards the thin body ideal originating in the family in girls. The findings suggest that actions aimed at preventing the onset of social physique anxiety in preadolescents could benefit from adopting a gender-differentiated perspective., La respuesta afectiva aversiva derivada de considerar que el propio cuerpo podría está siendo negativamente evaluado (i. e., la ansiedad físico-social) se considera un importante antecedente de diversas consecuencias de salud. No obstante, la conexión entre las presiones socioculturales que orientan hacia los ideales corporales occidentales preponderantes y la ansiedad físico-social permanece hasta la fecha inexplorada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos de la presión sociocultural hacia los ideales de cuerpo delgado y cuerpo mesomórfico percibida desde tres fuentes (i.e., medios de comunicación, familia e iguales) sobre la ansiedad físico-social en una muestra de preadolescentes. Se empleó un diseño longitudinal y una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico accidental. Participaron 651 estudiantes (50.4% chicas) de 12 centros educativos. Se recabaron datos de tipo autoinformado en dos ocasiones separadas por un periodo de doce meses, coincidiendo con los cursos 6º de primaria y 1º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Se testaron diferentes modelos de regresión multinivel (Modelos Lineales de Regresión Mixta). Los resultados mostraron un patrón de influencia diferenciado en función del sexo. La percepción de presión hacia el ideal de cuerpo mesomórfico originada en los medios de comunicación explicaba la ansiedad físico-social en chicos, ocurriendo lo propio en el caso de la percepción de presión hacia el ideal de cuerpo delgado originada en la familia en chicas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las medidas encaminadas a prevenir la aparición de la ansiedad físico-social en preadolescentes podrían beneficiarse de adoptar una perspectiva diferenciada en función del sexo de las personas destinatarias.

Datos de investigación: Aplicación del método Delphi para consulta a expertos sobre la idoneidad de los indicadores seleccionados para la elaboración del modelo HVCRA (Hazards, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk Assesment) aplicado a los Servicios Sociales andaluces. Datos primarios asociados al artículo enviado a SAGE Open, The pandemic caused by covid-19 has revealed an enormous vulnerability in health, economic and social terms. We are facing a new unprecedented environmental and socioeconomic reality, which poses a challenge for risk control and management. This forces a methodological effort to be made in all areas in the creation of models for the prevention and prediction of existing impacts, risks, and potential threats. In Social Services’ field, we propose a tool that will allow, on the one hand, to measure the impact of COVID-19 on the Social Services system and, on the other hand, to evaluate the areas with the highest socioeconomic risk in the post-COVID scenario. The modified Delphi technique has been used to reach a consensus on a proposal of 37 indicators with a group of experts, which in the final phase resulted in 34. To our knowledge, this represents the first risk assessment tool in social services designed specifically for use at local level. The proposed tool can help determine the situation of municipal social services in relation to risk, assessing weaknesses and improving the capacity of the system., Este trabajo está financiado por el programa de ayudas a la I+D+i, en régimen de concurrencia competitiva, en el ámbito del plan andaluz de investigación, desarrollo e innovación (PAIDI 2020), dentro del proyecto de investigación “Riesgo e impacto de la covid-19 en el sistema de servicios sociales de Andalucía. IRIS”. Riesgo e impacto de la covid-19 en el sistema de servicios sociales de Andalucía. IRIS”. PAIDI 2020

Datos primarios asociados al artículo enviado a Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, Person-centered approaches in the field of personality allow greater understanding of how different subpopulations with specific personality profiles are linked with related clinically relevant predictors or outcomes. Studies under the Five Factor Model offer consensus on the observation of a Resilient, an Undercontrolled and an Overcontrolled profile. However, studies using maladaptive traits are much more limited. The present research aimed to identify personality profiles based on the 25 maladaptative facet and examined the relationships between the profiles and personality dysfunctioning, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A mixed sample composed of community adults (n = 742) and patients (n = 312) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form, the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II, Externalizing Spectrum Inventory–Brief From, the 12 items Spanish version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II and Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify profiles based scores on the 25 maladaptive personality trait facets scales of the PID-5-SF. The scores on internalizing, externalizing and functioning were compared across the profiles obtained, by analyzing the equality of means. Four personality profiles that differed in both level and shape emerged: Resilient, Undercontrolled, Overcontrolled, and Ordinary type. The Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled types showed higher scores on pathology scales than the Resilient and Ordinary types. While the Overcontrolled profile appeared more related to internalizing symptoms and impairment in self-functioning, the Undercontrolled profile was more linked to higher scores on externalizing symptoms and interpersonal dysfunctioning., This work was supported by the grant “Reliable and clinical relevant change of Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms II – IDAS-II: a longitudinal clinical utility study (RELY-IDAS-II)”, project PID2020-116187RB-I00 on Proyectos I+D+i 2020 “Retos del Conocimiento” provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain).

Base de datos abierta y anonimizada, Datos primarios asociados al artículo publicado en Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748025, Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II constitutes a useful measurement tool with demonstrated psychometric properties that is contributing to the advancement of knowledge of emotional disorders within transdiagnostic models. To implement its use in clinical settings it is important that the scores can be interpreted in order to guide clinical decisions. This study aims to develops normative data for the Spanish version of the IDAS-II. An anonymous online survey was applied to 1072 subjects, recruited through a stratified random sampling procedure taking into account population gender, age and geographical region of Spain. Results show that women tend to score higher than men, particularly on the Dysphoria, General Depression, Appetite Gain and Lassitude scales. Largest effect sizes for differences in the scores according to age were found for Lassitude, Dysphoria and General Depression. Therefore, normative data according to gender and age group for each IDAS-II scale is provided. The norms provided in this work complement those already available, facilitating the decision-making of clinical professionals. Evidence of unidimensionality is provided for the 19 IDAS-II scales that allows researchers and clinicians to use specific IDAS-II scales independently., Network-Psyco: Modelización a través de redes empíricas de las conexiones entre facetas y rasgos psicológicos”, project UHU-1257470 on Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020.

Datos primarios asociados al artículo enviado a Journal of Personality Assessment, Since the publication of the Alternative Model on Personality Disders in Section III DSM-5, literature has widely focused on providing validity evidence for the 25 facets defined in Criterion B. More recently, scientific attention has shifted towards Criterion A, with a considerable set of mixed results both supporting and disagreeing the operational definition of the model. The present study aims to provide additional evidence on the structural and relational differentiation of self and interpersonal dimensions of personality functioning using a quick screener, the Level of Personality Functioning Scale – Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0), in a community and clinical mixed sample. 1074 participants (717 community adults and 357 patients) completed the LPFS-BF 2.0, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form and the Questionnaire for the World Health Organization Disability Assessment. The internal structure of LPFS 2.0 was assessed through a series of Confirmatory Factor Analyses and bifactor modeling was applied to assess the dimensionality. Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling was used to explore the joint structure of functioning and maladaptive traits. Multiple linear regressions, controlling for age and sex, were employed to evaluate the predictive validity of LPFS scales in explaining functional impairment. Our results clearly support a two-factor structure of criterion A (self and interpersonal functioning) when measured with LPFS-BF 2.0. Results also displayed clear differences between the personality functioning factors, with the self-functioning factor more closely linked to facets of the negative affect domains and the interpersonal-functioning factor linked to several antagonistic personality traits. Moreover, our results suggested a relevant role of self-functioning in the explanation of the functional impairment along and beyond personality facets. These results lead to consider the LPFS-BF 2.0 a useful tool for clinical routine monitoring self and interpersonal personality functioning., This work was supported by the grant “Network-Psyco: Modelización a través de redes empíricas de las conexiones entre facetas y rasgos psicológicos”, project UHU-1257470 on Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020, provided by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (EU) and by Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain (PRX21/00319).

Datos primarios asociados al artículo publicado en Psicothema: https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.413, Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been shown to be useful for reducing excessive alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. However, research on the explanatory factors of PBS is limited. This paper prospectively examines the contribution of perceived effi cacy of PBS in reducing alcohol-related consequences and perceived descriptive norms of close peers´ PBS use in young adults. The mediating role of perceived effi cacy of PBS between descriptive norms of PBS use and personal PBS use is also examined. Method: Targeted sampling was used to recruit a community-based sample of 339 young Spanish adults aged 18-25 years, who completed baseline and two-month follow-up questionnaires. Three types of PBS (serious harm reduction-SHR, manner of drinking-MOD, and stopping/limiting drinking-SLD) were measured. Results: Both perceived effi cacy and descriptive norms at baseline were positively associated with personal PBS use (SHR, MOD and SLD) at follow-up. A partial mediation effect of perceived effi cacy between descriptive norms and personal PBS use was found for the three PBS subscales. Conclusions: Our fi ndings support the usefulness of correcting misperceptions of PBS use by peers in interventions aimed at reducing excessive drinking and alcohol-related consequences in young adults in the community. Moreover, PBS perceived effi cacy should be included as a component of these interventions, Antecedentes: las estrategias conductuales de protección (ECP) han mostrado utilidad para reducir el consumo excesivo de alcohol y sus problemas asociados, aunque la investigación sobre sus factores explicativos es escasa. Este trabajo examina la contribución de la efi cacia percibida de las ECP para reducir las consecuencias negativas del alcohol, y la norma descriptiva percibida del uso de PBS de los iguales, en adultos jóvenes. Además, analiza el papel mediador de la efi cacia percibida entre norma descriptiva y ECP. Método: mediante muestreo dirigido a poblaciones diana, 339 jóvenes españoles (18-25 años) comunitarios cumplimentaron cuestionarios basal y de seguimiento (dos meses), midiéndose tres tipos de ECP (reducción de daños-RR, forma de beber-FB, parar/limitar el consumo- PLC). Resultados: efi cacia y norma se asociaron positivamente con el uso de ECP (RR/FB/PLC) en el seguimiento. Para los tres tipos de ECP se detectó un efecto de mediación parcial de la efi cacia percibida entre la norma y el uso de ECP. Conclusiones: corregir percepciones erróneas del uso de ECP de los iguales puede ser útil en las intervenciones dirigidas a reducir el uso excesivo de alcohol y sus consecuencias en adultos jóvenes comunitarios, al igual que la inclusión de la efi cacia percibida como uno de sus componentes