Resultados de investigación

[EN]Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the most prevalent chronic health problems facing aging populations. Along the auditory pathway, the stations involved in transmission and processing, function as a system of interconnected feedback loops. Regulating hierarchically auditory processing, auditory cortex (AC) neuromodulation can, accordingly, activate both peripheral and central plasticity after hearing loss. However, previous ARHL-prevention interventions have mainly focused on preserving the structural and functional integrity of the inner ear, overlooking the central auditory system. In this study, using an animal model of spontaneous ARHL, we aim at assessing the effects of multisession epidural direct current stimulation of the AC through stereotaxic implantation of a 1-mm silver ball anode in Wistar rats. Consisting of 7 sessions (0.1 mA/10 min), on alternate days, in awake animals, our stimulation protocol was applied at the onset of hearing loss (threshold shift detection at 16 months). Click- and pure-tone auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were analyzed in two animal groups, namely electrically stimulated (ES) and non-stimulated (NES) sham controls, comparing recordings at 18 months of age. At 18 months, NES animals showed significantly increased threshold shifts, decreased wave amplitudes, and increased wave latencies after click and tonal ABRs, reflecting a significant, spontaneous ARHL evolution. Conversely, in ES animals, no significant differences were detected in any of these parameters when comparing 16 and 18 months ABRs, indicating a delay in ARHL progression. Electrode placement in the auditory cortex was accurate, and the stimulation did not cause significant damage, as shown by the limited presence of superficial reactive microglial cells after IBA1 immunostaining. In conclusion, multisession DC stimulation of the AC has a protective effect on auditory function, delaying the progression of presbycusis

[EN]The analysis of the topography of brain neuromodulation following transcranial alternating current (AC) stimulation is relevant for defining strategies directed to specific nuclei stimulation in patients. Among the different procedures of AC stimulation, temporal interference (tTIS) is a novel method for non-invasive neuromodulation of specific deep brain targets. However, little information is currently available about its tissue effects and its activation topography in in vivo animal models. After a single session (30 min, 0.12 mA) of transcranial alternate current (2,000 Hz; ES/AC group) or tTIS (2,000/2,010 Hz; Es/tTIS group) stimulation, rat brains were explored by whole-brain mapping analysis of c-Fos immunostained serial sections. For this analysis, we used two mapping methods, namely density-to-color processed channels (independent component analysis (ICA) and graphical representation (MATLAB) of morphometrical and densitometrical values obtained by density threshold segmentation. In addition, to assess tissue effects, alternate serial sections were stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and Nissl. AC stimulation induced a mild superficial increase in c-Fos immunoreactivity. However, tTIS stimulation globally decreased the number of c-Fos-positive neurons and increased blood brain barrier cell immunoreactivity. tTIS also had a stronger effect around the electrode placement area and preserved neuronal activation better in restricted areas of the deep brain (directional stimulation). The enhanced activation of intramural blood vessels’ cells and perivascular astrocytes suggests that low-frequency interference (10 Hz) may also have a trophic effect. Copyright © 2023 Carmona-Barrón, Fernández del Campo, Delgado-García, De la Fuente, Lopez and Merchán.

[EN]Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss (ARHL) affects millions of people worldwide, increasing their risk of cognitive decline and poor quality of life. However, ARHL remains an irreversible condition due to our inability to induce inner-ear hair cell regeneration. Nevertheless, multisession epidural stimulation of the auditory cortex (AC) at the onset of ARHL prevents hearing threshold elevation in naturally aging Wistar rats. Accordingly, we hypothesized that anodal direct current (DC) stimulation of the AC may also compensate for age-related maladaptive, activity-dependent changes. Here, we examined immunocytochemical markers in the AC, including early genes (c-fos and Arc), AMPA receptors (GluR2/3), parvalbumin (PV), and GAD67, along with auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs) recorded in both auditory and visual (VC) cortices. When comparing 6 and 18.13-month-old rats without AC simulation, we observed loss of c-fos and Arc-positive neurons and decreased GluR2/3 expression, confirming altered AC neuronal network plasticity and activation. In addition, we noted changes in PV and decreased GAD67 immunoreactivity suggesting disrupted inhibition and significantly increased wave amplitudes in CAEPs, altered AC latencies, and decreased VC responses. By contrast, electrically stimulated rats showed no significant variations in early gene markers, GluR2/3, PV, or GAD67 with age, and the amplitudes and latencies of CAEPs recorded in their AC and VC resembled those of young rat. These findings indicate that anodal DC stimulation at the onset of ARHL delays AC aging by minimizing the loss of inhibition and preventing increases in cortical excitability in Wistar rats

[EN]Iberian ham is a Spanish product that is highly prized for its unique sensory characteris-tics. Therefore, the possibility of predicting these characteristics using non-invasive methods is of great interest. In this context, this study compares the performance of two benchtop and four different portable devices as well as the influence of recording points (lean meat, fat and whole slice) for the prediction of sensory parameters. A total of 28 de-scriptors were determined by a trained panel in 60 samples (100% Iberian and Iberian) and the prediction of the sensory profile was carried out using a Feedforward Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network. A significant effect of breed on the sensory profile and spectral characteristics, especially of fat, was observed. On the other hand, NIRFlex N-500 (desktop) and MicroP-hazir (portable) showed the best performance, with 27 pa-rameters predicted in the whole slice and fat, respectively (R2>0.5). n addition, it was pos-sible to predict 25 parameters with the MicroNIR portable device at all recording sites, demonstrating that portable devices are suitable for this analysis. The results indicate that the number and type of predicted sensory parameters depend largely on the recording site and that measurements taken in different areas provide complementary information

[EN]Data corresponding to research conducted on the use of organic fertilizers on the composition of pistachios. Study conducted on Spanish pistachio trees., Agronomic data Cimate data Pistachio composition data

[EN]This dataset contains 200 individual-level cases from a survey of the Moroccan-origin population residing in the municipality of Turin (Italy). The target population includes adults aged 18 or older who were either born in Morocco or born in Italy with at least one parent of Moroccan origin. Fieldwork was conducted between May and October 2014 through face-to-face paper-and-pencil interviews. The sample was selected using the Centre Sampling Technique, based on lists of “aggregation centres” (such as mosques, training centres, ethnic shops and outdoor markets) regularly visited by members of the Moroccan community. Within each selected centre, respondents were chosen through systematic sampling, and post-stratification weights were applied to account for different probabilities of inclusion across centres, yielding a final net sample of 200 completed interviews with an overall response rate of 72%. The dataset is provided in Stata format and is accompanied by the full individual questionnaire in Italian, show cards in Italian and Arabic, and a short preliminary instrument used to measure the frequency of visits to aggregation centres.

Datos extraídos a partir de un formulario de google.forms, [ES]Los datos corresponden a las respuestas de 80 participantes, estudiantes universitarios, a una tarea de asociación léxica y definición de 56 neologismos derivados organizados por sufijos y con distintos grados de transparencia morfológica y frecuencia de uso. Para cada palabra presentada, los participantes llevaron a cabo una doble tarea: 1) Escribir palabras relacionadas con el derivado proporcionado, ya fuera por compartir lexema o sufijo. 2) Definir el significado del neologismo con sus propias palabras y sin consultar el diccionario., Esta investigación forma parte del proyecto GRAMADÍS, con referencia PID2023-149351NB-I00, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, la Agencia Estatal de Investigación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU /AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER, UE) dentro del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023.

The dataset consists of a single relational database organized into a set of core tables, catalog tables and a metadata table. The database implements a normalized schema designed to represent spatially explicit forest inventory, climatic and satellite-derived information for the Spanish territory. This dataset integrates and derives from multiple third-party open-access datasets. The authors have performed original data curation, harmonization, and derivation, resulting in a new, value-added dataset. The original data sources listed below, in accordance with their respective attribution requirements. Spanish National Forest Inventory (IFN) Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO) (2025). Spanish National Forest Inventory (Inventario Forestal Nacional). Government of Spain. Available at: https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-forestal-nacional.html NASADEM Merged Digital Elevation Model (Global 1 arc second V001) Provided by NASA JPL and archived at the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC). Elevation data were accessed and processed via Google Earth Engine. https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/NASADEM/NASADEM_HGT.001 ERA5-Land climate data (Copernicus / ECMWF) Muñoz Sabater, J. (2019). ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.e2161bac Landsat 5 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper Level-2, Collection 2, Tier 1. Accessed via Google Earth Engine. Available at: https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/LANDSAT_LT05_C02_T1_L2 Landsat 7 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Level-2, Collection 2, Tier 1. Accessed via Google Earth Engine. Available at: https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/LANDSAT_LE07_C02_T1_L2, [EN]This dataset contains an integrated forest, climate and satellite-derived database for Spain based on Spanish National Forest Inventory, Copernicus and NASA data. It characterizes the evolution of Spanish forests through plots distributed across the national territory that have been inventoried on four occasions from 1986 to the present., This work was supported by the International Chair Project on Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and the Demographic Challenge within the framework of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (ENIA). Reference: TSI-100933-2023-0001. Funded by the Secretary of State for Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence and by the European Union (NextGenerationEU)., This dataset contains an integrated forest, climate and satellite-derived database for Spain based on Spanish National Forest Inventory, Copernicus and NASA data. It characterizes the evolution of Spanish forests through plots distributed across the national territory that have been inventoried on four occasions from 1986 to the present.

Approved by CEIm Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe (protocol #2024-0422-1), [EN]Objectives This study aims to assess the prognostic value of routinely available haematological inflammatory indices—neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—for predicting 90-day functional outcome measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with reperfusion/recanalisation therapies. A further objective is to integrate these biomarkers with relevant clinical, laboratory and imaging covariates to develop predictive models and to explore whether associations remain consistent across clinically meaningful subgroups (e.g., stroke aetiology, occlusion site and reperfusion success). Conclusions Overall, LMR emerges as a reliable and readily accessible predictor of post-stroke functional outcome following reperfusion-treated ischaemic stroke, with higher LMR values associated with a greater likelihood of a favourable 90-day outcome. By contrast, NLR and PLR show less consistent prognostic performance. Incorporating LMR into multivariable prognostic models may improve risk stratification and support more personalised post-acute care decisions., PID2021-125211OB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, España) RD21/0006/0014 (ISCIII – RICORS-ICTUS, España) SA2117P23 (Junta de Castilla y León, España), PREDICTUS.xlsx PREDICTUS_processed_full.csv PREDICTUS_processed_models.csv PREDICTUS_data_dictionary.csv README_PREDICTUS.txt

[EN]This paper develops an actionable interdisci-plinary model that quantifies and assesses uncertainties in water resource allocation under climate change. To achieve this objective, we develop an innovative socio-ecological grand ensemble that combines climate, hydrological, and mi-croeconomic ensemble experiments with a widely used deci-sion support system for water resource planning and manage-ment. Each system is populated with multiple models (multi-model), which we use to evaluate the impacts of multiple cli-mate scenarios and policies (multi-scenario, multi-forcing) across systems so as to identify plausible futures where wa-ter management policies meet or miss their objectives and to explore potential tipping points. The application of the meth-ods is exemplified by a study conducted in the Douro River basin (DRB), an agricultural basin located in central Spain. Our results show how marginal climate changes can trigger non-linear water allocation changes in the decision support systems (DSSs) and/or non-linear adaptive responses of ir-rigators to water shortages. For example, while some irriga-tors barely experience economic losses (average profit and employment fall by < 0.5 %) under mild water allocation re-ductions of 5 % or lower, profit and employment fall by up to 12 % (∼ 24 ×) when water allocation is reduced by 10 %or less (∼ 2×). This substantiates the relevance of informing the potential natural and socio-economic impacts of adapta-tion strategies and related uncertainties for identifying robust decisions.