BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

BAHIA MONTEVIDEO Cruise (29HE19971117) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1997

ANTPAC Cruise (29HE19971201) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1997, Geodynamics and paleoceanography of the plate and margin limits of the Antarctic Peninsula in the Pacific (ANTPAC). The ANT 97/98 campaign of Geophysics and Marine Geology has focused on the analysis of the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as the relationships between the main lithospheric elements that are located in the area on the Pacific margin and tDrake Passage. The thematic objectives include the tectonic and paleooceanographic study of selected segments of the active and passive margin, and the boundary between the tectonic plates existing in the area, including the analysis of a triple point. Experiments have been carried out to distinguish between factors linked to local tectonics and those of global character, climatic-eustatic changes, which have controlled the development of the various depositional provinces. To this end, profiles have been collected using multi-channel and single-channel reflection seismic techniques, sonobuoys, multibeam probes, high-resolution seismic, gravimetry and magnetometry

E-DOVETAIL Cruise (29HE19980210) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, The oceanographic campaign E-DOVETAIL (HE47) carried out by BIO Hesperides in January-February 1998 is part of the international project "Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antartic Intermediate Layers (DEVOTAIL)". The general purpose of the project is to study the distribution of the intermediate water masses formed in the Wedell Sea to the ventilation of the planet's abyssal depths and how this export is carried out through the Wedell-Scotia Confluence. Specific objectives: 1) Determine the quantity and physical-chemical characteristics of the Wedell Sea water that act as a source for the Wedell confluence -Scotia. 2) Observe and describe the dominant physical processes associated with subsidence and scattering of dense Antarctic waters at the Wedell-Scotia confluence. 3) Estimate the rate of ventilation of the global ocean through the Wedell-Scotia Confluence. 4) Estimate the variability of hydraulic transport and hydrographic structure in the study area, and establish its possible influence on oceanic ventilation rates. 5) Study of the distribution of phytoplanktonic communities in frontal zones. Characterization and estimation of the distribution of photosynthetic pigments by liquid chromatography. Estimation of phytoplankton abundance by microscopic counts and flow cytometry. 6) Study of the presence, distribution, the specific composition of the meso- and macrozzoplankton in relation to the water masses. Analysis of the association of the different existing groups, depth changes and nictimersal migrations. Studies of growth, physiology and trophic relationships of fish larvae, 7) Study of the distribution and remineralization of dissolved organic carbon (COD) and particulate organic carbon (COP) in the water column, and the influence of formed water in the Wedell Sea in the COD transport. 8) Performing metabolism experiments (production and respiration) in fotoplankton by incubations on board in situ. Calculation of photosynthetic and respiratory quotients, and COD exudation rates

MATER-1 Cruise (29HE19980420) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, The oceanographic campaign MATER -1 is part of the Mediterranean project Mediterranean Targeted Project II - Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Reponse. This project considers one of the areas of greatest interest of the Mediterranean oceanography, the Alboran Sea. The objectives of the campaign are the multidisciplinary and high resolution study, both temporal and spatial. This campaign is the main core of the experiment on high frequency flows (High Frequency Flux Experiment, HFFE Alborán). The interactions between the mesoscale hydrological structures and the presence of gyres in Atlantic waters associated with strong gradients between the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters produce the appearance of areas of high relative productivity. The biogeochemical characterization, from the surface to the benthic layers, of these zones with a resolution of days weeks will allow us to observe the relationships between the pelagic systems, the flows of matter and the bentonic response to them

MATER-2 Cruise (29HE19980518) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Response (MATER). MATER is a project involving 50 research teams from 15 European countries. Through extensive experimental work and physical and ecological modeling, MATER addresses the comprehensive study of the Mediterranean with the following global objectives: -To study and quantify the processes that trigger and control the transfer of mass and energy between the different compartments of the Mediterranean system, and in different environments.- To evaluate the temporal and spatial scales of phenomena in certain structures and regions of the Mediterranean.- To investigate the ecosystem response to these transfers and their evolution over time

AZORES-1 Cruise (29HE19980727) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, Canarias Azores Gibraltar Observations (CANIGO). The Azores Current (AC) is one of the most important flows towards the Eastern Boundary of the North Atlantic, feeds the coastal upwelling of NW Africa and the Western Iberian Peninsula. This current flows east-southeast (110º) between 33-36 º N. The general objective of the cruise is to quantify the transport of salt, heat, nutrients, inorganic and organic carbon (dissolved and particulate), and to study its biological and optical implications, from the area formation of the AC close to Middle Alantic Ridge, to its dispersion and weakening in the Canary -Madeira region. The specific objectives: 1) To characterise the main physical features. Descripction and quantification of the flow associate to the AC, its counterflows and cold and warm ediies. 2) To mesure the vertical and horizontal transport of carbon and nutrients. Evaluatio of vertical carbon flux by sediment traps and the carbon dioxide air-sea exchange by measuring the sea surface atmospheric CO2 partial pressure. 3) To chemically characterise water masses, specially those transported by the AC and the Mediterranean water . It will allow to estimate the anthropogenic CO2 retained by water massess during ventilation processes. 4) To determine the spatial variability of phytoplankton ohotosynthetic parameters and ots relation with the natural light spectra. 5) To determinate the optical properties of the water column in the AC and its hydrological structures in relation to the chemical compounds and the plankton comnposition and activity. 6) To determine the bacteria activity and its influence on the remineralisation of organic matter. 7) To evaluate the importance of zooplankton migration as active transport of particulate matter below the photic zone as well as its contribution to tal carbon export to deep layers

ZEE-1998 Cruise (29HE19980908) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, 1998 Exclusive Economic Zone cruise. Hydrographic-Oceanographic Research Plan of the Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone

DHARMA Cruise (29HE19981206) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1998, Diversity, heterotrophy, autotrophy and relationships between Antarctic organisms (DHARMA). The main objectives of the campaign are: 1) To obtain a database with modern techniques that allow us to build more precise predictive models on the abundance and activity of the microbial plankton. 2) Occupy the WOCE SR 1b transect. 3) Analyze the diversity of microbial communities, especially bacteria, through multiple molecular techniques. 4) Analyze the effects of temperature on the different activities of the microbial planctob: incorporation of CO2, bacteriovoria, enzymatic activities, photosynthate excretion, bacterial production. During the campaign several moorings have been collected from other projects

ESEPAC-1 Cruise (29HE19990106) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1999, Experimental Stimulation of Coastal Antarctic Production. The objective of the ESEPACcampaign is to recognize the factors that limit Antarctic plankton production in order to predict changes in carbon fluxes associated with changes in Antarctic plankton production. The achievement of this objective will be carried out through: 1) Experimental verification of the processes that regulate the production of plankton, through large-scale manipulation experiments in mesocosms (large incubation bags, 30000-50000 liters). 2) The comparison of the experimentally obtained predictions with observations of the planktonic dynamics in Antarctic waters of contrasting areas, by means of oceanographic sampling in diverse zones of the Antarctic Peninsula.

MAGIA Cruise (29HE19990124) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1999, The present project is a contribution to the detailed knowledge of the sedimentary architecture and the stratigraphy of the continental margin and the northern basin of the Antarctic Peninsula, with special interest in the study of the contribution of the processes of glacial origin in its development, as of the most recent sedimentary processes in the whole of the continental margin, in order to carry out a paleoenvironmental reconstruction at least during the last 20,000 years