Resultados totales (Incluyendo duplicados): 44423
Encontrada(s) 4443 página(s)
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282052
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIANCE IN POLYANDRY ENABLES ITS EVOLUTION, BUT POLYANDRY IS UNLIKELY TO EVOLVE THROUGH SEXY OR GOOD SPERM PROCESSES

  • Travers, Laura M.
  • Simmons, Leigh W.
  • García-González, Francisco
Female mating frequency, P2 and Egg-adult Viability data Sheet 1: Female lifetime mating frequency, Sheet 2: Description of variables contained in Sheet 1. Sheet 3: Focal male P2 and egg-to adult viability data, Sheet 4: Description of variables contained in Sheet 3. sexy-good sperm.xlsx, Polyandry is widespread despite its costs. The sexually selected sperm hypotheses (‘sexy’ and ‘good’ sperm) posit that sperm competition plays a role in the evolution of polyandry. Two poorly studied assumptions of these hypotheses are the presence of additive genetic variance in polyandry and sperm competitiveness. Using a quantitative genetic breeding design in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster, we first established the potential for polyandry to respond to selection. We then investigated whether polyandry can evolve through sexually selected sperm processes. We measured lifetime polyandry and offensive sperm competitiveness (P2) while controlling for sampling variance due to male x male x female interactions. We also measured additive genetic variance in egg-to-adult viability and controlled for its effect on P2 estimates. Female lifetime polyandry showed significant and substantial additive genetic variance and evolvability. In contrast, we found little genetic variance or evolvability in P2 or egg-to-adult viability. Additive genetic variance in polyandry highlights its potential to respond to selection. However, the low levels of genetic variance in sperm competitiveness suggest the evolution of polyandry may not be driven by sexy sperm or good sperm processes., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282056
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: CONDITION-DEPENDENT TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN SEXUAL TRAITS, BODY CONDITION AND IMMUNITY: THE EFFECT OF NOVEL HABITATS

  • Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider
  • Head, Megan L.
  • Jennions, Michael D.
  • Cabido, Carlos
Data for field experiment This is the field data for the manuscript “Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats”. Data was collected by MIC and CC. All methods are described in the associated manuscript. Column headings are described in the excel spreadsheet. Field experiment.xlsx Data from mesocosm experiment This is the mesocosm data for the manuscript “Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats” Data was collected by MIC and CC. All methods are described in the associated manuscript. Column headings are described in the excel spreadsheet. mesocosm experiment.xlsx, Background: The optimal allocation of resources to sexual signals and other life history traits is usually dependent on an individual's condition, while variation in the expression of sexual traits across environments depends on the combined effects of local adaptation, mean condition, and phenotypic responses to environment-specific cues that affect resource allocation. A clear contrast can often be drawn between natural habitats and novel habitats, such as forest plantations and urban areas. In some species, males seem to change their sexual signals in these novel environments, but why this occurs and how it affects signal reliability is still poorly understood. Results: The relative size of sexual traits and level of immune responses were significantly lower for male palmate newts Lissotriton helveticus caught in pine and eucalyptus plantations compared to those caught in native forests, but there was no habitat-dependent difference in body condition (n= 18 sites, 382 males). The reliability with which sexual traits signalled body condition and immune responses was the same in all three habitats. Finally, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in which males were maintained in pine, eucalypt or oak infused water for 21 days. Males in plantation-like water (pine or eucalypt) showed significantly lower immune responses but no change in body condition. This matches the pattern seen for field-caught males. Unlike field-caught males, however, there was no relationship between water type and relative sexual trait size. Conclusions: Pine and eucalyptus plantations are likely to be detrimental to male palmate newt because they are associated with reduced immune function and smaller sexual traits. This could be because ecological aspects of these novel habitats, such as high water turbidity or changes in male-male competition, drive selection for reduced investment into sexual traits. However, it is more probable that there are differences in the ease of acquisition, hence optimal allocation, of resources among habitats. Our mesocosm experiment also provides some evidence that water toxicity is a causal factor. Our findings offer insights into how plantations affect amphibian life histories, and how novel habitats might generate long-term selection for new resource allocation strategies in native species., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282057
Dataset. 2021

ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION, RATHER THAN THE ISLAND EFFECT, EXPLAINS MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION IN AN ANCIENT RADIATION OF GECKOS [DATASET]

  • Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor
  • Simó-Riudalbas, Marc
  • Menéndez, Iris
  • Carranza, Salvador
Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence shows that exceptions to this “island effect” do exist. Here, we tested this pattern using a thoroughly sampled continent-island system, the genus Pristurus, a group of sphaerodactylid geckos distributed across continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. We used a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset to explore whether Socotran and continental taxa differ in their dynamics of phenotypic evolution. Moreover, we used habitat data to examine if ecological specialisation is correlated with morphological change, reconstructing ancestral habitat occupancy and comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found heterogeneity in the outcome of the colonisation of the Socotra Archipelago. Namely, only one of the three events of colonisation has resulted in an increase in body size. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialisation provides a more nuanced insight into body size and shape evolution in Pristurus. In particular, the colonisation of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very constrained body size and head proportions, suggesting ecologically driven morphological convergence. Our results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continental-island systems., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282058
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: ACTIVE AND REACTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN HUMAN MOBILITY: THE INFLUENCE OF ATTRACTION POINTS ON PEDESTRIANS

  • Gutiérrez-Roig, Mario
  • Sagarra, Oleguer
  • Oltra, Aitana
  • Palmer, John R. B.
  • Bartumeus, Frederic
  • Díaz-Guilera, Albert
  • Perelló, Josep
BeePath2012, Human mobility is becoming an accessible field of study thanks to the progress and availability of tracking technologies as a common feature of smart phones. We describe an example of a scalable experiment exploiting these circumstances at a public, outdoor fair in Barcelona (Spain). Participants were tracked while wandering through an open space with activity stands attracting their attention. We develop a general modeling framework based on Langevin Dynamics, which allows us to test the influence of two distinct types of ingredients on mobility: reactive or context-dependent factors, modelled by means of a force field generated by attraction points in a given spatial configuration, and active or inherent factors, modelled from intrinsic movement patterns of the subjects. The additive and constructive framework model accounts for some observed features. Starting with the simplest model (purely random walkers) as a reference, we progressively introduce different ingredients such as persistence, memory, and perceptual landscape, aiming to untangle active and reactive contributions and quantify their respective relevance. The proposed approach may help in anticipating the spatial distribution of citizens in alternative scenarios and in improving the design of public events based on a facts-based approach., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282059
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: DECODING COLOURATION OF BEGGING TRAITS BY THE EXPERIMENTAL ADDITION OF THE APPETITE ENHANCER CYPROHEPTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN MAGPIE (PICA PICA) NESTLINGS

  • Martín Gálvez, David
  • Soler, Juan José
Reflectance of mouth, rictal flange and body skin at the beginning of the treatment with cyproheptadine Spectral reflectance (300nm to 700nm) of three begging-related traits of magpie nestlings: mouth (gape or palate), rictal flange and body skin at the beginning of the treatment with cyproheptadine (nestlings 2–4 days old). Values are means obtained from three replicates and corrected by a triangular smoothing (i.e. a floating mean with weights within a distance of 10nm). Before_experimemt_reflectance_300_700nm.txt Reflectance of mouth, rictal flange and body skin at the end of the treatment with cyproheptadine Spectral reflectance (300nm to 700nm) of three begging-related traits of magpie nestlings: mouth (gape or palate), rictal flange and body skin at the end of the treatment with cyproheptadine (nestlings 10–12 days old). Values are means obtained from three replicates and corrected by a triangular smoothing (i.e. a floating mean with weights within a distance of 10nm). After_experimemt_reflectance_300_700nm.txt Irradiance inside 10 active magpie nests Irradiance measurements were performed in 10 active magpie nests between March and April of 2009, and between 09:00am and 11:00am in a magpie population in Guadix (Spain). It was done by placing the probe above the nest cup and pointing vertically toward the dome. Values are means per each nest from three replicates. Irradiance_inside_nests_300_700nm_moles_means.txt Nestling weights and colour measurements for the three begging-related traits before and after the treatment with cyproheptadine data_set_Martin-Galvez_and_Soler_2016.xlsx, The colouration of some traits in nestlings of altricial birds may influence parental food allocation as it may reflect physical condition or hunger. There is increasing evidence of the relationship between colouration of begging traits and nestling performance. However, evidence of the influence of hunger level on nestling colouration is scarce, mainly because of difficulty of distinguishing between the effects of physical condition and hunger levels. Here, we used the appetite stimulant cyproheptadine hydrochloride to increase the sensation of hunger of magpie (Pica pica) nestlings for eight days and assessed the effect on the colouration of rictal flanges, mouth and body skin. We found that nestlings administered with cyproheptadine had flanges more conspicuous (chromatic visual contrast), more UV coloured and less yellow coloured than their control nestmates. Conversely, mouths of experimental nestlings were more yellow coloured and less UV coloured than controls. Our pharmacological experiment affected the strength of the relationship between body mass and some colour components of body skin (chromatic and achromatic visual contrasts, UV–chroma and Yellow–chroma) and of rictal flanges (chromatic visual contrasts, UV–chroma and yellow–chroma), but not for mouth colouration. These results taken together suggest that the effect of the cyproheptadine on nestling colourations is probably mediated by an increase in hunger levels of nestlings for rictal flanges and body skin colourations, and by an increase in physical condition in the case of mouth coloration., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282066
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: ANCIENT DNA REVEALS DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIALITY BETWEEN BROWN BEARS AND EXTINCT CAVE BEARS

  • Fortes, Gloria G.
  • Grandal d'Anglade, Aurora
  • Kolbe, Ben
  • Fernandes, Daniel
  • Meleg, Ioana N.
  • García Vázquez, Ana
  • Pinto Llona, Ana Cristina
  • Constantin, Silviu
  • Torres Pérez-Hidalgo, Trinidad J. de
  • Ortiz, José E.
  • Frischauf, Christine
  • Rabeder, Gernot
  • Hofreiter, Michael
  • Barlow, Axel
Fortes_et_al_2016_mtDNA_alignment MtDNA sequence alignment used in Fortes et al. 2016 Mol Ecol. See README for further info., Ancient DNA studies have revolutionized the study of extinct species and populations, providing insights on phylogeny, phylogeography, admixture and demographic history. However, inferences on behaviour and sociality have been far less frequent. Here, we investigate the complete mitochondrial genomes of extinct Late Pleistocene cave bears and middle Holocene brown bears that each inhabited multiple geographically proximate caves in northern Spain. In cave bears, we find that, although most caves were occupied simultaneously, each cave almost exclusively contains a unique lineage of closely related haplotypes. This remarkable pattern suggests extreme fidelity to their birth site in cave bears, best described as homing behaviour, and that cave bears formed stable maternal social groups at least for hibernation. In contrast, brown bears do not show any strong association of mitochondrial lineage and cave, suggesting that these two closely related species differed in aspects of their behaviour and sociality. This difference is likely to have contributed to cave bear extinction, which occurred at a time in which competition for caves between bears and humans was likely intense and the ability to rapidly colonize new hibernation sites would have been crucial for the survival of a species so dependent on caves for hibernation as cave bears. Our study demonstrates the potential of ancient DNA to uncover patterns of behaviour and sociality in ancient species and populations, even those that went extinct many tens of thousands of years ago., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282104
Dataset. 2021

DATA FROM: ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION, RATHER THAN THE ISLAND EFFECT, EXPLAINS MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION IN AN ANCIENT RADIATION OF GECKOS

  • Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor
  • Simó-Riudalbas, Marc
  • Menéndez, Iris
  • Carranza, Salvador
Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence shows that exceptions to this "island effect" do exist. Here, we tested this pattern using a thoroughly sampled continent-island system, the genus Pristurus, a group of sphaerodactylid geckos distributed across continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. We used a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset to explore whether Socotran and continental taxa differ in their dynamics of phenotypic evolution. Moreover, we used habitat data to examine if ecological specialisation is correlated with morphological change, reconstructing ancestral habitat occupancy and comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found heterogeneity in the outcome of the colonisation of the Socotra Archipelago. Namely, only one of the three events of colonisation has resulted in an increase in body size. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialisation provides a more nuanced insight into body size and shape evolution in Pristurus. In particular, the colonisation of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very constrained body size and head proportions, suggesting ecologically driven morphological convergence. Our results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continental-island systems., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //
DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282104
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282104
HANDLE: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282104
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282104
PMID: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282104
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282104
Ver en: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282104
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282104

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282147
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: CONCEALED BY DARKNESS: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PREDATORY BATS AND NOCTURNALLY MIGRATING SONGBIRDS ILLUMINATED BY DNA SEQUENCING

  • Ibáñez, Carlos
  • Popa-Lisseanu, Ana G.
  • Pastor-Beviá, David
  • García-Mudarra, Juan L.
CytbSPrey Partial Cytochrome b sequences obtained from sequencing of the amplification of the DNA from excrement with specific primers for arthropodes. CytbLPrey Partial Cytochrome b (Part 2) sequences obtained from sequencing of the amplification of the DNA from excrement with specific primers for arthropodes Samples List final Samples used in the study, Recently, several species of aerial-hawking bats have been found to prey on migrating songbirds, but details on this behaviour and its relevance for bird migration are still unclear. We sequenced avian DNA in feather-containing scats of the bird-feeding bat Nyctalus lasiopterus from Spain collected during bird migration seasons. We found very high prey diversity, with 31 bird species from eight families of Passeriformes, almost all of which were nocturnally flying sub-Saharan migrants. Moreover, species using tree hollows or nest boxes in the study area during migration periods were not present in the bats’ diet, indicating that birds are solely captured on the wing during night-time passage. Additional to a generalist feeding strategy, we found that bats selected medium-sized bird species, thereby assumingly optimizing their energetic cost-benefit balance and injury risk. Surprisingly, bats preyed upon birds half their own body mass. This shows that the 5% prey to predator body mass ratio traditionally assumed for aerial hunting bats does not apply to this hunting strategy or even underestimates these animals’ behavioural and mechanical abilities. Considering the bats’ generalist feeding strategy and their large prey size range, we suggest that nocturnal bat predation may have influenced the evolution of bird migration strategies and behaviour., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282110
Dataset. 2022

ASSESSING SHORT AND LONG-TERM VARIATIONS IN DIVERSITY, TIMING, AND BODY CONDITION OF FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS

  • Campo-Celada, María
  • Jordano, Pedro
  • Benítez-López, Ana
  • Gutiérrez-Expósito, Carlos
  • Rabadán-González, Julio
  • Mendoza, Irene
[Methods] Data include two different datasets (each one separated in a different file): 1) Bird abundance data; 2) Bird trapping data using mist nets. Data were collected in Hato Ratón, in Doñana’s Natural Area, close to Villamanrique de la Condesa, Sevilla province, southern Spain (37° 10’ 26.4” N, 6° 20’ 17.4” W, 11 m a.s.l.). Sampling was carried on in two time periods: 1981-1983 and 2019-2021. Bird abundance was estimated using 1-km linear transects to calculate the kilometric abundance index. These were conducted 2-5 times per month (40 censuses in total). For each individual that was seen or heard, we recorded its species and the time it was seen. Bird censusing started one hour after sunrise and was carried out when weather conditions were not extreme (in absence of rain or strong wind). Data on censed birds include a total of 0 species. Bird ringing data comes from birds captured by mist nets deployed weekly during 1981-1983 (6-10 nets per survey day, average 10-25 mist-net m/h) and fortnightly in 2019-2021 (12-20 nets per survey day, average 25-50 m/h). Data on trapped birds include a total of 32 species. [Usage Notes] Medata information: File: censuses80s_20s.txt Including abundance censuses carried on in 1981-1983 and 2019-2021- Variable names: yeargroup (study period, either 1981-1983 or 2019-2021), Date (Year/Month/Day), year, months, Transect, species, count (number of individuals), distance (transect length), ikas (relative abundance, individuals/km). File: ringing80s_20s.txt Including bird ringing data carried on in 1981-1983 and 2019-2021- Variable names: Date (Year/Month/Day), Species, Tarsus length (mm), Weight (g), residuals (Weight ~ tarsus residuals), Fat_rescaled (fat value after rescaling, from 0 to 8), fat_cat (Fat category: low or medium-high fat content), Migratory_type (Resident, Summer, Wintering, or Migrant), Trophic_type (combinations of Herbivore, Frugivore, Insectivore, Granivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, and Necrophage), Functional type (NF, PC, SP, SD, PC/SP/SD, PC/SP). NF = Non Frugivore; PC = Pulp Consumer; SP = Seed Predator; SD = Seed Disperser., Seed dispersal by frugivorous bird species involves a fine temporal tuning between fruiting plants and birds. However, this interaction may be severely threatened by anthropogenic climate and land-use change, which may result in phenological mismatches and pervasive ecological consequences for avian communities. In this study, we evaluate changes at long (~40 years) and short-time (seasonal) spans in an avian frugivore community using a snapshot resampling. Particularly, we focus on changes in composition, abundance, migratory timing (i.e., phenology), and physical condition in relation to variations in fruit supply. We used bird and fruit data collected during 1981-1983 and 2019-2021 in a Mediterranean scrubland site in Doñana Natural Area, SW Spain. Our findings indicate a profound transformation of species composition, bird phenology, and body condition: in ~40 years, the avian community showed a 66% and 13% decrease of the wintering and seed-disperser species, respectively. Seasonal abundance peaks were advanced for at least one month in 9 out of 11 frugivorous bird species included in the analyses. Avian body condition during the migratory passage has worsened, with fewer individuals showing a high-fat percentage now than in the past. Finally, we report a fruit production decrease of almost half in 2019-2021 compared to 1981-1983, probably linked to habitat encroachment by pine trees and replacement of fleshy-fruited shrubs. Vegetation encroachment and climate change are the most plausible explanations for the observed changes in the avian community, but the relative importance of these factors is yet unknown. Our results at a local scale mirror the dramatic consequences of global change affecting the diversity, phenology, and physical condition of frugivorous bird species reported in multiple studies across the globe. The loss of frugivores may trigger feedback mechanisms in which seed dispersal is disrupted, leading to impaired recruitment of fruiting plants and hence less food availability for the avian community., Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Award: 798269. Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía, Award: P18-HO-4814. Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Award: CGL 2017-82847., Peer reviewed


Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282158
Dataset. 2016

DATA FROM: RAPID POSTGLACIAL DIVERSIFICATION AND LONG-TERM STASIS WITHIN THE SONGBIRD GENUS JUNCO: PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC AND PHYLOGENOMIC EVIDENCE

  • Friis, Guillermo
  • Aleixandre, Pau
  • Rodríguez-Estrella, Ricardo
  • Navarro-Sigüenza, Adolfo G.
  • Milá, Borja
2016_06_27 MalesSpecMorph_museum Colorimetric Spectra and Morphological variable measures per museum skin, males. SNP calls output from the GBS Bioinformatics pipeline SNP calls in HapMap format with basic filtering on missingness and allele frequency for 95 Junco samples, generated by the Cornell University’s Institute for Genomic Diversity (IGD). c1.snpmerged.filtered.hmp, Natural systems composed of closely-related taxa that vary in the degree of phenotypic divergence and geographic isolation, provide an opportunity to investigate the rate of phenotypic diversification and the relative roles of selection and drift in driving lineage formation. The genus Junco (Aves: Emberizidae) of North America includes parapatric northern forms that are markedly divergent in plumage pattern and color, in contrast to geographically isolated southern populations in remote areas that show moderate phenotypic divergence. Here, we quantify patterns of phenotypic divergence in morphology and plumage color, and use mitochondrial DNA genes, a nuclear intron, and genome-wide SNPs to reconstruct the demographic and evolutionary history of the genus to infer relative rates of evolutionary divergence among lineages. We found that geographically isolated populations have evolved independently for hundreds of thousands of years despite little differentiation in phenotype, in sharp contrast to phenotypically diverse northern forms, which have diversified within the last few thousand years as a result of the rapid postglacial recolonization of North America. SNP data resolved young northern lineages into reciprocally monophyletic lineages, indicating low rates of gene flow even among closely related parapatric forms, and suggesting a role for strong genetic drift or multifarious selection acting on multiple loci in driving lineage divergence. Juncos represent a compelling example of speciation-in-action, where the combined effects of historical and selective factors have produced one of the fastest cases of speciation known in vertebrates., Peer reviewed

Proyecto: //

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