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SPA Adición de enmiendas a suelos contaminados.-- Información introducida en la base de datos WOCAT es una red global de gestión sostenible de tierras (SLM) que promueve la documentación, el intercambio y el uso del conocimiento para apoyar la adaptación, la innovación y la toma de decisiones en SLM.- El documento completo se puede ver y descargar en https://qcat.wocat.net/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1273/, La enmiendas en suelos contaminados son aplicadas para disminuir la solubilidad y la biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes y microelementos en los suelos. Las enmiendas más comúnmente utilizadas a tal efecto son materiales calizos, fosfatos, óxidos de Fe y Mn, materiales orgánicos, aluminosilicatos, etc. El tipo y la cantidad de enmienda a aplicar depende de las características del sitio (suelo, hidrogeología, pendiente, clima, etc.), de la naturaleza del contaminante y del uso del suelo. La aplicación al suelo de diferentes tipos de materiales orgánicos procedentes de distintos residuos como fuente de materia orgánica, es una práctica común para mejorar las propiedades del suelo y podría ser un enfoque amigable y rentable para el medio ambiente para restaurar áreas extensas con un nivel moderado de contaminación. El uso de materiales procedentes de residuos es además una alternativa para su reciclaje y reutilización. Estos materiales mejoran la fertilidad del suelo y la productividad de la planta, y también disminuyen la disponibilidad de elementos traza. Enmiendas orgánicas tales como compost o turba, que contienen una alta proporción de materia orgánica humificada que puede disminuir la biodisponibilidad de metales en el suelo por adsorción y por la formación de complejos estables con sustancias húmicas , ya que los ácidos húmicos tienen una gran capacidad para retener o quelatar los metales. Los materiales calizos se usan para aumentar el pH de los suelos ácidos (encalado) y reducir la toxicidad de los metales en los suelos. Generalmente, el encalado es muy eficiente en la inmovilización de los elementos traza catiónicos, cuya solubilidad decrece al aumentar el pH, favoreciendo su adsorción sobre los materiales al suelo, así como su precipitación, con lo que decrece drásticamente su concentración en la disolución del suelo. El efecto del encalado es el opuesto para los elementos traza que forman oxianiones, como los arseniatos, molibdatos, cromatos, etc., que aumentan su solubilidad en medio alcalino, o para los metales pesados asociados a la materia orgánica que también aumentan su solubilidad en medio alcalino. Los fosfatos, inmovilizan los metales existentes en la disolución del suelo, reduciendo de esta forma la disponibilidad para las plantas y la movilidad para el transporte. Las enmiendas inorgánicas más utilizadas en la inmovilización de elementos traza en suelos contaminados son : óxidos de Fe y Mn, aluminosilicatos, beringita, cenizas volantes, etc. Los óxidos de Fe y Mn puedan absorber o complejar iones metálicos. Materiales ricos en óxidos de Fe se emplean en suelos contaminados con arseniatos. También se usan minerales de la arcilla como las esmectitas, las zeolitas y subproductos como la beringita (aluminuisilicato obtenido en la combustión en lecho fluidizado de residuo de carbón, con ilita como mineral mayoritario)., No

En la tabla se indican características de los nidos y pollos de estornino negro (Sturnus unicolor) utilizados en el artículo: Juan J. Soler, Cristina Ruiz-Castellano, Jordi Figuerola, Josué Martínez-de la Puente, Magdalena Ruiz-Rodríguez and Gustavo Tomás (2018) Egg colouration predicts brood size, telomere length and body condition of spotless starling fledglings. Journal of Avian Biology, e01686. doi: 10.1111/jav.01686 Nest identity: identidad de los nidos utilizados . feather treatment: si se añadieron plumas a los nidos durante el crecimiento de los pollos o no. plant treatment: si se añadieron plantas verdes a los nidos durante el crecimiento de los pollos o no. Brightness: Brillo (luminosidad) de los huevos de estorninos de los distintos nidos. Blue-Green chroma (400-580): Croma verde-azulado, reflectancia en longitudes de onda. comprendidas entre 400 y 580 nm dividida por la reflectanca de todo el espectro (300-700nm) en tanto por ciento. hathing date (1=1st april): fecha de eclosion (el valor 1 corresponde al 1 de abril). Clutch size: tamaño de puesta. Brood size: tamaño de pollada. Body mass: peso corporal de pollos de 14 dias de edad. Tarsus length: longitude del tarso de pollos de 14 días de edad. Body condition: condicion corporal de pollos de 14 días de edad estimada como los residuos del peso después de controlar por la longitud del tarso. Telomere length (hatchlings): longitud de los telómeros de pollos recién eclosionados. Telomere length (fledglings): longitude de los telómeros de pollos poco antes de abandonar el nido., Para la recogida de los datos se ha seguido la reproducción de dos poblaciones de estornino negro. Además de anotar información sobre distintas variables reproductoras (fecha de puesta, taño de puesta y de pollada,, y éxito reproductor, se ha medido el color de sus huevos, se han tomado muestras de sangre de pollos recién eclosionados y poco antes de abandonar el nido. También se midió el tarso y el peso corporal de los pollos poco antes de abandonar el nido. La estima del tamaño de los telomeros se realizó en el laboratorio, a partir de ADN de los glóbulos rojos de las muestras de sangre recogidas en el campo., Funding was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and European funds (FEDER) (CGL2013-48193-C3-1-P, CGL2013-48193-C3-2-P, CGL2012-30759, CGL2015-65055-P). JMP, GT and MRR were supported by Juan de la Cierva, Ramón & Cajal and Talentia postdoctoral contracts, respectively. JMP was partially supported by a 2017 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation., Peer reviewed

Data set of the above mentioned paper. Distribution of 37 vertebrate species and values of environmental variables in each 10 km x 10 km UTM cell of mainland Spain. Codes for the species and for the variables are detailed in Table 1 and Table S1 of the paper, respectively. IDcuad and UTM10 are numerical and text identifiers of the cells. NP details if the cell overlaps with a National Park. Proportion_NP is the proportion of the cell covered by National Parks., Distribution of 37 vertebrate species and values of environmental variables in each 10 km x 10 km UTM cell of mainland Spain., The study was funded by Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales of Spain through the project 1098/2014, No

This dataset was used to analyze survival probabilities of Egyptian Vultures at Canary Islands from 1998 to 2017., We acknowledge financial support through the projects REN 2000–1556 GLO, CGL2004-00270/BOS, CGL2009-12753-C02-02, CGL2012-40013-C02-01, and CGL2015-66966-C2-1-2-R (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and EU/FEDER)., The data file contains capture, resight and recovery histories of Egyptian vultures at Canary Islands (Fuerteventura and Lanzarote) during breeding seasons 1998 to 2017. This file contains one line per individual; one column per encounter occasion (from column 1 to 20 were code “0” indicate that the individual was not observed in a particular year; code “1” is used for individuals detected (marked at capture or resighted) with both coloured and steel metal butt-end rings; code “2” is used for individuals detected (marked at capture or resighted) with coloured and steel metal lock-on rings; code “3” is used for individuals resighted only retaining their coloured rings, code “4” is used for individuals resighted only retaining steel metal butt-end rings; and code “5” is used for individuals recovered freshly dead. There are six further columns (21 to 26) indicating the group (starting age at marking form 1-year-old to ≥6 year-old) for each individual., No

Solar radiation is an important driver of animal coloration, not only because of the effects of coloration on body temperature but also because coloration may protect from the deleterious effects of UV radiation. Indeed, dark coloration may protect from UV, but may increase the risk of overheating. In addition, the effect of coloration on thermoregulation should change with egg size, as smaller eggs have higher surface-volume ratios and greater convective coefficients than larger eggs, so that small eggs can dissipate heat quickly. We tested whether the reflectance of eggshells, egg spottiness and egg size of the ground-nesting Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus are affected by maximum ambient temperature and solar radiation at breeding sites. We measured reflectance, both in the UV and human visible spectrum, spottiness and egg size in photographs from a museum collection of plover eggshells. Eggshells of lower reflectance (darker) were found at higher latitudes. However, in southern localities where solar radiation is very high, eggshells are also of dark coloration. Eggshell coloration had no significant relationship with ambient temperature. Spotiness was site-specific. Small eggs tended to be light-coloured. Thermal constraints may drive the observed spatial variation in eggshell coloration, which may be lighter in lower latitudes to diminish the risk of overheating as a result of higher levels of solar radiation. However, in southern localities with very high levels of UV radiation, eggshells are of dark coloration likely to protect embryos from more intense UV radiation. Egg size exhibited variation in relation to coloration, likely through the effect of surface area-to-volume ratios on overheating and cooling rates of eggs. Therefore, differential effects of solar radiation on functions of coloration and size of eggshells may shape latitudinal variations in egg appearance in the Kentish plover., Peer reviewed

This item is made of 2 files, of which 1 is the dataset in netcdf format and the other (Readme .txt) include a small description of the computed variables.-- Dataset contributed to the Project STRAMIX (STRAtification and MIXing in a coastal upwelling driven estuary, CTM2012-35155).-- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). The STRAMIX team appreciates that users of these data: 1) Contact Miguel Gil Coto (mgilcoto@iim.csic.es) or Nicolás Villacieros (nvrobineau@iim.csic.es) to follow the uses of the data, and 2) Include the requested acknowledgment (cite using the DOI of this dataset and please also cite Gilcoto et al. 2017) in any presentations or publications, Tidal harmonic analysis of ADCP currents from june 2013 to August 2014 in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia, Atlantic Ocean), STRAMIX project. Horizontal velocities were screened for errors greater than 20cm/s following Gilcoto et al., 2009. Afterwards, each of the 55 current-velocity vertical levels (75 cm bin size) were averaged every 5 minutes. Finally, the MATLAB tidal analysis package t-tide (Pawlowicz et al., 2002) was applied, level by level, to the vectorial combined horizontal velocity components. A database of ellipse parameters for the 55 levels and 53 tidal constituents (selected with a Rayleigh criteria of 1) was obtained. The length of the time series allowed us for the first time to separate S1 and K1, Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) research project., No

This item is made of 2 files, of which 1 is the dataset in netcdf format and the other (Readme .txt) include a small description of the computed variables.-- Dataset contributed to the Project STRAMIX (STRAtification and MIXing in a coastal upwelling driven estuary, CTM2012-35155).-- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). The STRAMIX team appreciates that users of these data: 1) Contact Miguel Gil Coto (mgilcoto@iim.csic.es) or Nicolás Villacieros (nvrobineau@iim.csic.es) to follow the uses of the data, and 2) Include the requested acknowledgment (cite using the DOI of this dataset and please also cite Gilcoto et al. 2017) in any presentations or publications, Average directional wave spectrum from 28118 wave spectra obtained from ADCP currents between june 2013 and August 2014 in the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia, Atlantic Ocean), STRAMIX project. Waves Monitor Software (RDI) was used to obtain the 28118 individual wave spectra. Criteria applied to compute parameters were: 20 minutes bursts with tilt and current correction every 10 minutes, maximum wave period of 28.6 s, sea-swell transition period of 7.3 s, 256 frequency bands, and 180 angles, Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the STRAMIX (CTM2012-35155) research project, No

1) For whole rock: sieved <180 µm size fraction, pulverized in a vibrating cup laboratory mill, 0.1 g sample digested in HNO3:HClO4:HF (2.5:2.5:5.0, v/v), doubly evaporated to incipient dryness, addition 1 mL HNO3, and made up to 100 mL with Milli-Q Plus ultrapure water type (18.2 MΩ/cm) ; 2) For nitric acid leaching: 0.1 g sample mixed with 1 mL de HNO3 in 12×100-mm polypropylene test tubes In batch experiments, and made up to 100 mL with Milli-Q Plus ultrapure water type (18.2 MΩ/cm). Final solutions were analysed by HR-ICP-MS. Contact person: Fernandez-Turiel, J. L., jlfernandez@ictja.csic.es, This dataset comprises the total and the acid nitric soluble element concentrations of major and trace elements (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P, LOI, As, Ba, Be, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, La, Li, Lu, Mo, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr) in stream sediments of the Garonne River watershed in the Val d'Aran in the Central Pyrenees. We used samples collected in 1981 in a pilot project of stream sediment geochemistry. The results of nitric acid leachates are used as proxies of the environmentally available fraction of such elements. The samples represents the lithogeochemical units consisting of the Maladeta-Marimanya granitoids, and the metasediments occurring in an extensive area of the basin., Peer reviewed

Disentangling the influence of demographic parameters and the role of density dependence on species’ population dynamics may be challenging, especially when there are fractions of the population that are unobservable (e.g. dispersers, non-breeders). Additionally, due to the difficulty of gathering data at large spatial scales, most studies ignore the global dynamic of a species, which would integrate heterogeneity in local dynamics and remove the noise of dispersal. We developed a global scale, integrated population model (IPM), to disentangle the main demographic drivers of population dynamics in a long-lived colonial seabird. We used 28 years of Audouin’s gull demographic data encompassing 69 local patches (90% of the world population). Importantly, we took into account the unobservable fraction of non-breeders and also assessed the strength of density dependence for this fraction of the population. As predicted by life histories of long-lived organisms, temporal random variation in survival was highest for immatures (), and lowest for adults (). Large temporal fluctuations in the probability of taking a sabbatical from reproduction would partly explain constancy in adult survival, adults probably refraining from breeding when environmental conditions were harsh. Thus, skipping breeding would be a bet hedging strategy for long-lived organisms having many reproductive chances during their lifespan. Immature survival and fertility were the main drivers of population dynamics during the study period (r2= 0.83 (0.77-0.87) and 0.73 (0.63-0.79) respectively). We found strong evidence of density dependence, not only due to the number of breeders (r2= -0.34 (-0.43 -0.24)) but also to that of sabbaticals (r2= -0.18 (-0.33 -0.01)). Even though population dynamics of long-lived organisms are very sensitive to changes in adult survival, we show here that in the absence of strong environmental perturbations affecting this life history trait, fluctuations in population density in those species may be driven by variations of immature survival and fertility. The species is showing a 5% of annual global decrease during the last ten years, and we propose an updated species conservation status. Integrated models based on long term monitoring at a global scale may enhance our ecological and evolutionary understanding of how demographic drivers influence population dynamics., No

Dataset of the scientific article "Nestling sex ratio is associated with both male and female attractiveness in rock sparrows", Peer reviewed