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FeS2 thin films were obtained by sulfuration of Fe coatings, which were deposited by thermal evaporation of iron powder (Goodfellow, 99.99%) on soda lime glass substrates under high vacuum. The initial thickness of the Fe coatings was 300±20 nm as measured using quartz crystal microbalance. The Fe coating was transferred into a glass ampoule, which contained a small amount of sulfur powder (Merck, 99.99%) placed at one end. The ampoule was evacuated down to 10-5 mbar and sealed. Then, sulfur was sublimated by heating to 300ºC for 20 h, while sulfur vapour at a pressure of about 0.065 bar reacted with the Fe film. After sulfuration, the coatings were kept in the same sealed ampoules at room temperature until they were characterized. Natural pyrite was used to contrast the results obtained for artificial FeS2 thin film. A sheet of iron pyrite was cut from a native crystal proceeding from Peru mines and polished. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a typical cubic crystal structure of the mineral sample. The iron coatings' crystal structure was analyzed both before and after sulfuration using grazing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). This was accomplished by employing Cu Kα radiation and maintaining a fixed incidence angle of 1.7°. To determine the mean crystallite size, the Scherrer formalism was applied to the main diffraction band (200). Film thickness measurements were conducted at the film edge utilizing a stylus profilometer, achieving an accuracy of 10 nm. The mechanical properties of the FeS2 coatings were investigated through nanoindentation (G200, KLA Corp.), utilizing a Berkovich diamond tip in dynamic contact mode. The maximum indentation depth was 100 nm constrained to remain below 10% of the total coating thickness. The loading cycle was carried out at a constant indentation strain rate of 0.1 s-1 and a small oscillating force was superimposed to this loading ramp (75 Hz of frequency, amplitude of 2 nm). Continuous measurement of the contact stiffness was achieved on the basis of the phase lag between the sinusoidal force and the penetration produced. X-ray Photoemission Spectrometry (XPS) was used to obtain information on chemical state of various elements under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) with a pressure below 10-8 Pa. Mg Kα radiation with an energy of 1253.6 eV was employed. To eliminate any airborne adsorbed contaminants from the sample surface, ensuring a pristine surface for subsequent XPS analysis, the samples underwent Ar+ ion sputtering with an energy of 1 keV and an incident angle of 60° with respect to the sample normal. The sputtering depth was around 1.3 Å. It should be noted that Ar+ ions for sputtering can potentially alter the chemical oxidation state of Fe and/or S and/or change the surface composition due to preferential sputtering. No additional treatment was performed. High-resolution XPS analysis of Fe 2p, S 2p, O 1s, and C 1s was conducted through the fitting process employing the minimum possible number of components compatible with the expected chemistry. For instance, both the Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2 p1/2 spin-orbit peaks were fitted to ensure the coherence of the procedure, while assuming a Shirley background. For the sake of simplicity, only the Fe 2p3/2 bands are discussed here. The S 2p peak was fitted employing a S 2p3/2 S 2p1/2 doublet, considering the theoretical spin-orbit coupling ratio of 1:2. A fixed separation of 1.2 eV between the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 was maintained based on literature for data processing., Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD) coupled with mass spectrometry was used to examine the chemical composition of the adsorbed layers and the surface chemical groups. The sample was bombarded with electrons using an electron gun positioned at a 60° angle to the surface normal. Unless otherwise mentioned, the electron energy used was 600 eV. The ions, which were generated on the surface due to electron bombardment, released from the sample and were detected using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, situated in front of the sample. More details about the setup and process of the ESD experimental system can be found elsewhere. Thermal Gravimetric analysis of thin films was used to analyse the gases emitted during progressive heating under both Ar and dry air flows using a mass spectrometer. The rate of linear heating was set at 5, 10, and 20 °C/min. The emitted gases were analysed in the range of 1-90 a.m.u. The Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) techniques, available at the Centre of Microanalysis of Materials of Autonomous University of Madrid, were employed to determine the elemental composition of the sample surfaces. Its 5MV linear tandem accelerator facility provides the ion beams to carry out the characterization with these techniques. In this study, a collimated He+ beam with energies of 3.035 or 4.260 MeV extracted from the accelerator was used, while choice of these energies’ values justified under resonant conditions for oxygen and carbon respectively. For RBS analysis, the backscattered ions were detected at an angle of 170° with respect to the direction of the incident ion beam. In the case of ERDA, the ions were directed to the surface at an incident angle of 75° with respect to the surface normal. Recoiled particles were collected at 30°. To filter out heavier ions, a 19 µm thick mylar film was placed in front of the detector to obtain the hydrogen depth profile. The total ion dose in each measurement was set to 15 µC with a particle flux of 5.5x1012 cm-2 s-1 and a probe size of 1.5x1.5 mm2. The spectra were taken with the samples at random orientations. For energy-to-depth conversion, common SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) energy loss data were used, along with reference samples of MgH2 Er-doped TiO2 coatings. The RBS-ERDA spectra were fitted using SIMNRA simulation software. The gases emitted during mechanical activation of the materials were analysed using an original UHV experimental system equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Hiden HALO), a reciprocating motion UHV-grade friction cell, and a dynamic gas expansion system. Such a configuration allows accurate quantification of minute emission rates down to 1 pmol s-1. The samples were rubbed under UHV using alumina spheres, 3 mm in diameter. The rubbing conditions, unless otherwise stated, were as follows: the normal load of 0.44 N, the frequency of reciprocating motion of 1 s-1, and the mean rubbing velocity of 0.18 m s-1. The experimental system is schematically shown in Figure 1 and described in detail elsewhere. Before the tests, the alumina spheres were thoroughly degreased consecutively in acetone and isopropanol ultrasonic baths. After drying, they were submerged in a hot Piranha solution to remove carbon and metal residues, rinsed with ultrapure water, and dried in an N2 stream. The differential mass spectra (DMS) were derived by subtracting the mean steady background mass spectra from the mean mass spectra recorded during the application of the mechanical stimulus. Only statistically significant changes (α=0.05) in DMS were analysed among the channels within the 1 – 100 a.m.u. range. To ensure comparability, the mass spectra were normalized by dividing by the total ion current in each spectrum. The tentative identification of ion species was based on reference cracking patterns from the NIST Webbook (NIST Webbook). The gas composition was determined through a backward stepwise regression method, in which we utilized reference mass spectra of various potential gas precursors. These spectra were fitted in various combinations to the experimental DMS with the aim of identifying the combination that included the fewest precursors and achieved a high R2adj value. Behavioural analysis (BA) was employed to develop better understanding of the mechanisms of underlying tribochemical processes. BA allows to explore the short- and long-term trends of highly dynamic emission time series, to establish the degree of correlation between the mass spectrometer signals, and to trace them back to the possible emission sources in the mechanically affected bulk material and/or on the mechanically affected surfaces. Chemical changes in the Mechanically Affected Zones (MAZ) were studied using vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and FTIR). All the results were benchmarked against the spectra obtained from neighbouring pristine surfaces. Raman spectra were measured using a 532 nm laser in air. Infrared micro-reflectance spectra were obtained using a micro-FTIR spectrometer., Datasets of mass-spectrometry signals were obtained in the experiments with non-thermal tribochemical decomposition of synthetic thin-film iron sulphide and mineral iron pyrite. Tribochemical reactions were studied on a micrometre scale using localized rubbing under ultrahigh vacuum. Mechanically Stimulated Gas Emission Mass-Spectrometry (MSGE-MS) including the Dynamic gas expansion method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of gas emission and the composition of the emitted gases. The study was complemented by structural, morphological, tribological, mechanical and surface analyses. It was found that carbon-containing gases were dominating. The sulfur-containing gases comprised H2S, COS and CS2. The latter two were unexpected. The emission of these gases was traced back to solid-state chemical reactions kinetically controlled by the precursor concentrations and driven through non-thermal mechanisms, which we tentatively assigned to formation of sulfur radicals., This study was co-funded by Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (grants PID2019-111063RB-I00, PID2020-112770RB-C22, PID2020-117573GB-I00, RTI2018-099794-B-I00, and TED2021-129950B-I00) and funding from Madrid Community (project S2018/NMT-4291 TEC2SPACE), Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (project CSIC13-4E-1794) and EU (FEDER, FSE)., 1. Dataset of mass-spectrometry time series of mechanically stimulated gas emission from sodium alanate (NaAlH4) pellets under vacuum.-- 2. Dataset of Thermal Programmed Desorption – Mass-Spectrometry (TPD-MS) analysis of sodium alanate.-- 3. Dataset of X-ray diffraction of sodium alanate.-- 4. Dataset of micro-FTIR spectra of pristine and mechanically activated surfaces of pellets of sodium alanate.-- 5. Dataset of Raman spectra measured on the surfaces of pellets of sodium alanate., No

The dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Please, read the full ODbL 1.0 license text for the exact terms that apply. Users of the dataset are free to: Share: copy, distribute and use the database, either commercially or non-commercially. Create: produce derivative works from the database. Adapt: modify, transform and build upon the database. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute any public use of the database, or works produced from the database. For any use or redistribution of the database, or works produced from it, you must make clear to others the license of the original database. Share-Alike: If you publicly use any adapted version of this database, or works produced from an adapted database, you must also offer that adapted database under the ODbL., This work was supported by the Severo Ochoa Excellence Program CEX2021-001189-S, grant PID2021-125858OB-100, and a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación grant (IJC2020-042749-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, “ERDF A way of making Europe” and ‘NextGenerationEU’/PRTR’. CR-P holds a predoctoral grant (ACIF/2021/364) funded by Conselleria d’Educació (Generalitat Valenciana, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain)., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX 2021-001189-S), Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] We collected birds infected by Plasmodium cathemerium and Plasmodium relictum and uninfected birds. We collected mosquito larvae that were raised in the lab. Adult mosquitoes were divided in 3 groups allowed them to feed overnight on a P. relictum-infected bird, a P. cathemerium-infected bird and an uninfected control bird. For transcriptome analyses, we processed mosquitoes at three time points after exposure, 24 hours post-infection (hpi), 10 days post-infection (dpi) and 21 dpi. At each time point, we created pools of 5 mosquitoes of each infection status capturing the mosquitoes alive and immediately transferring them to dry ice. We preserved the mosquitoes at -80ºC until RNA extractions were carried out. We collected a total of 36 samples including controls (4 pools x 3 time points x 3 conditions). We extracted RNA and DNA from pools of 5 mosquitoes using TRIzol® (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) followed by column purification using RNeasy mini kit® (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). RNA samples were submitted to the Polo d’Innovazione di Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, Siena (Italy) where library preparation and sequencing were carried out., [Methods for processing the data] Illumina sequencing and RNAseq pipeline available with the published paper., Metadata describing the experimental conditions of an RNA seq experiment that aims to analyse the differential gene expression of Culex pipiens when exposed to either Plasmodium relictum or Plasmodium cathemerium. The data includes the information of the corresponding project published at the European Nucleotide Archive (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB41609), sample IDs and the links to the generated fasta files., This publication was supported by the project Research Infrastructures for the control of vector-borne diseases (Infravec2), which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 731060., Peer reviewed

1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The flower reflectance spectra were made with USB-2000 and Jaz A1465 Ocean Optics spectrophotometers (Duiven, The Netherlands) equipped with a top sensor system deuterium-halogen standardized light source, DT-MINI-GS-2 and DH-2000 lamps, respectively, and a coaxial fibber cable (QR-400-7-UV-VIS-BX; Ocean Optics). Reflectance corresponds to the proportion of a standard white reference tile (WS-1-SS; Ocean Optics). For all measurements, we kept the distance between the petals and the measuring probe constant and with an angle of illumination and reflection fixed at 45°. Spectra data were processed with OceanView software (version 2.0.8; Ocean Optics) and calculated in 5-nm wide spectral intervals in the range of 300–700 nm. 2. Methods for processing the data: We used the ‘getspec’ function of the ‘pavo’ R-package to load the colour spectral data between 300 and 700 nm of each flower. To reduce noise, the data was smoothed with a span of 0.25 and negative values were corrected by setting the minimum value to zero and scaling other values accordingly (‘procspec’ function). 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret/reproduce the data, please indicate their location: USB-2000 and Jaz A1465 Ocean Optics spectrophotometers (Duiven, The Netherlands) equipped with a top sensor system deuterium-halogen standardized light source, DT-MINI-GS-2 and DH-2000 lamps, respectively, and a coaxial fibber cable (QR-400-7-UV-VIS-BX; Ocean Optics). Reflectance corresponds to the proportion of a standard white reference tile (WS-1-SS; Ocean Optics). Spectra data were processed with OceanView software (version 2.0.8; Ocean Optics). 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: Reflectance corresponds to the proportion of a standard white reference tile (WS-1-SS; Ocean Optics)., 1. Many insular plant species inhabiting different archipelagos worldwide present typical ornithophilous floral traits (e.g., copious nectar, red-orange colours), but most of them are visited by insectivorous/granivorous birds and lizards, which act as generalist pollinators. Oceanic islands promote these ecological interactions mainly due to the scarcity of arthropods. Our goal is to understand how these generalist interactions contribute to the shift of floral traits from entomophily (mainland) to ornithophily or saurophily (island), where specialist nectar-feeding birds have not inhabited. 2. We used the well-known pollination interactions occurring in the Canary Islands to evaluate two proposed ecological hypotheses, bee-avoidance or bird-attraction, explaining evolutionary transitions of floral traits. Specifically, we studied the flower colour conspicuousness of bird-pollinated Canarian species visited by birds and lizards with their closest relatives from the mainland mainly visited by bees. We analysed the chromatic contrast of flower colours using visual models of bees, birds, and lizards and the achromatic contrast in visual models of bees. We also compared reflectance spectra marker points of flowers with available spectral discrimination sensitivities of bees and birds. 3. Using a phylogenetically corrected framework of independent plant lineages, our results revealed that bird-pollinated Canarian species showed lower chromatic contrast according to bees and lizard visual models than their mainland relatives, but similar chromatic contrast for bird vision. In addition, reflectance spectra marker points of the Canarian species were displaced to the longest wavelengths, far from the wavelengths of maximum discrimination of bees, but close to birds. 4. We conclude that the avoidance of bees would be a primary ecological strategy explaining the evolutionary transitions of flower colours from melittophily to ornithophily. The lower conspicuousness of bird-pollinated Canarian flowers in lizards is perhaps a side effect of the bee-avoidance strategy rather than an independent evolutionary strategy. Together, these findings provide insights into how vertebrate generalist pollinators can also lead to divergence of floral traits in insular habitats, but also in other arthropod-poor habitats., Fundación CajaCanarias/La Caixa (2022CLISA29), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-116222GB-100)., Flower reflectance data, Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] The data were acquired during diverse missions executed by the WeLASER robot., This database presents diverse logs of the results of the tests developed with the WeLASER robot, over a period of 9 months, between January and September 2023, in 3 diverse experimental farms in Spain, The Netherlands and Denmark, in real crop fields, executing autonomous navigation operations. The logs include data collected by the robot's various guidance controllers, including the spiral controller and the lateral controller. The dataset also includes the log information already extracted, in two .mat files, and a MATLAB script that allows graphing and analyzing said information. This for the purpose of promoting transparency, reproducibility, and the sharing of our research findings., This dataset is part of a the WeLASER project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101000256., The dataset is made up of: (a) a folder that includes all the logs of the different controllers executing various missions; (b) two .mat files that include the information extracted from said logs; and (c) a matlab script that allows graphing and analyzing the information contained in the two .mat files., Peer reviewed

The divergent reactivity of the cationic iridium complex [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(PMe2ArDipp2)]+ (ArDipp2 = C6H3–2,6-(C6H3–2,6-iPr2)2) toward organolithium and Grignard reagents is described. The noninnocent behavior of the Cp* ligand, a robust spectator in the majority of stoichiometric and catalytic reactions, was manifested by its unforeseen electrophilic character toward organolithium reagents LiMe, LiEt, and LinBu. In these unconventional transformations, the metal center is only indirectly involved by means of the Ir(III)/Ir(I) redox cycle. In the presence of less nucleophilic organolithium reagents, the Cp* ligand also exhibits noninnocent behavior undergoing facile deprotonation, which is also concomitant with the reduction of the metal center. In turn, the weaker alkylating agents EtMgBr and MeMgBr effectively achieve the alkylation of the metal center. These reactive iridium(III) alkyls partake in subsequent reactions: while the ethyl complex undergoes β-H elimination, the methyl derivative releases methane by a remote C–H bond activation. Computational studies, including the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), support that the preferential activation of the non-benzylic C–H bonds takes place via sigma-bond metathesis., Peer reviewed

9 pages. -- Encoding visualization. -- Figure S1-S14. -- Table S1. Cell type, number of samples detail, and percentage of samples above or below the encoding-based threshold of Melanoma dataset during the testing phase., Peer reviewed

1. NMR Spectra.-- 2. Kinetic Isotopic Effect (KIE) Experiments.-- 3. X-Ray Characterization.-- 4. Computational Studies.-- 5. References., Peer reviewed

1. Experimental procedures.-- 2. NMR spectra.-- 3. Crystal structure determinations.-- 4. Mass spectrometry.-- 5. Variable temperatura van´t Hoff study of the equilibrium of 9 and 2c with 10c.-- 6. Computational details.-- 7. Referencias., Peer reviewed

1. NMR spectroscopic experiments.-- 2. Catalytic experiments.-- 3. Crystal structure determinations.-- 4. References., Peer reviewed