Resultados de investigación

27 pages. -- Includes: Strains construction. -- Experimental setup. -- Image processing. -- The definition of repression. -- Characterizing background fluorescence signals. -- Signal-to-noise ratio and the amplitude of pulses. -- A probabilistic inference algorithm. -- Correlation between promoter activity and gene dosage during cell growth. -- Robustness of the repression to temperature change. -- CRP and glucose experiments. -- Modeling the effects of DNA looping in gene regulation. -- Simulations with cell division., Peer reviewed

See Supplemental Material for (i) the derivations of the CMM equations for a real metal, (ii) the justification for the minimal model used in the text, (iii) the validity of the small-hole approximation, and (iv) the experimental set-up for Mueller polarimetry., Peer reviewed

Screening of exfoliation conditions (dispersion solvent, prewetting solvent, microwave power, microwave irradiation time, MoS2–NMP ratio, and % yield); UV–vis analyses, optical and electronic microscopy analyses; thermogravimetric analysis of bulk and exfoliated MoS2, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, electron transport measurements., Peer reviewed

Tables; Table S1. Search Strategy, Table S2. Full text of excluded articles, Table S3a. Genetic model studies, Table S3b. Environmental model studies, Table S3c Gene x environmental model studies, Quality assessment procedures S4., Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein reduced in brain regions (the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus) of patients with schizophrenia. There are diverse rodent models of schizophrenia that mimic patient symptoms based on various causal theories; however, likely shared reelin alterations have not yet been systematically assessed in those models. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model. Articles focused on psychotic disorders or schizophrenia and their relationship with reelin in rodent models were selected. Data (first author, publication year, results, both open field and prepulse inhibition test results, and type of reelin alteration) were extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. The 37 reviewed articles reported about various schizophrenia models and their reelin alterations, brain morphology, and behavioral defects. We conclude that reelin is an altered preclinical biomarker common to all models included, mainly prenatal or genetic models, and a key protein in schizophrenia disease, making the reelin signaling pathway in prenatal stages a target of special interest for future preclinical and clinical studies. All models presented at least one of the four described reelin alteration types. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021210568], identifier [CRD42021210568]., Peer reviewed

The appearance of synapses was a crucial step in the creation of the variety of nervous systems that are found in the animal kingdom. With increased complexity of the organisms came a greater number of synaptic proteins. In this review we describe synaptic proteins that contain the structural domains CUB, CCP, or TSP-1. These domains are found in invertebrates and vertebrates, and CUB and CCP domains were initially described in proteins belonging to the complement system of innate immunity. Interestingly, they are found in synapses of the nematode C. elegans, which does not have a complement system, suggesting an ancient function. Comparison of the roles of CUB-, CCP-, and TSP-1 containing synaptic proteins in various species shows that in more complex nervous systems, these structural domains are combined with other domains and that there is partial conservation of their function. These three domains are thus basic building blocks of the synaptic architecture. Further studies of structural domains characteristic of synaptic proteins in invertebrates such as C. elegans and comparison of their role in mammals will help identify other conserved synaptic molecular building blocks. Furthermore, this type of functional comparison across species will also identify structural domains added during evolution in correlation with increased complexity, shedding light on mechanisms underlying cognition and brain diseases., Peer reviewed

Table S1. Checklist of items according to STROBE document. Table S2. Definitions of the key variables used. Table S3. Summary of outcomes for the different analyses. Table S4. Characteristics of patients who underwent debridement, antibiotic therapy, and implant retention (DAIR) treated with and without rifampicin. Table S5. Approval of the ethics committee of all participating centers. Figure S1. Cumulative proportion of SA-PJIs occurring after primary arthroplasty., Peer reviewed

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] The long-term monitoring of Doñana’s diurnal butterflies is part of a harmonised protocol of the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Doñana. This group of insects is suitable to include in a monitoring protocol, for several reasons: a relative easy identification, it is a good group as bioindicators due to their short life cycle and their high sensitivity to climate, and their relation with plants allow relate their presence with vegetation changes.The monitoring of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) in Doñana, southwestern Spain, was initiated in 2005, but until 2007 the protocol is not well stablished, that is why the temporal range of this dataset start in december of 2007 with one transect. From this first transect, in 2008 the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes applied the BMS methodology to new zones and transects. The principals aims of this protocol were: to inventory all species of diurnal butterflies that inhabits in Doñana, in order to detect the appearance of new species or the local extinction of some populations; and know the dynamics and variations of butterflies populations between years and between months, in order to detect declines in these animal populations. Following the Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS) and Pollard's transects, the data collection is based in walking transect of a determinate distance where the observer must note, count and identify (when is possible also sex) all butterflies that fly in an imaginary cube of 5 meters of side. In the period 2007-2013, the data was collected with the software CyberTracker and all the butterflys occurences have a coordinate associated; but since 2014 the data collection was changed to BMS that is why individuals recorded in this period (2014-2022) did not have a coordinate. The transect was adapted to optimal period of butterflies' day activity, that is three or four hours before and after noon, always with suitable climatic conditions: no rain and/or fog, minimum temperature between 13 on sunny days and 17ºC on cloudly days, maximum temperature below 30 ºC and wind conditions under 5 in Beaufort's scale. In order to know environmental and meteorological variables, temperature, wind conditions (Beaufort's scale) and cloud coverage (eighths of coverage) were measured at initial and final of each transect. The distance of transects varies between 460 and 1170 metres. The time to complete the transects varies depending on the number of individuals observed in each one, but time values are usually between 10 and 75 minutes., Dataset are structured following well-established data formats. Three files are provided and they are related to each other with the variable eventID. The first file (icts-rbd-butterfly_ev_20230717) contains the information of each transect (time of occurrence, geographical and topographical information, sampling effort, etc…); the second file (icts-rbd-butterfly_occ_20230717) contains the abundance of each butterfly species recorded in each sampling event, numbers of individual recorded and taxonomic classification; the third file (icts-rbd-butterfly_mof_20230717) contains additional information (measurements or facts) of meteorological information (temperature, wind conditions and cloud coverage) recorded in each sampling event and habitat information of each transect., The data from 2014 to present is accessible in European Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (eBMS) https://butterfly-monitoring.net/, The long-term monitoring of Doñana’s diurnal butterflies is part of a harmonised protocol of the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Doñana (Paz et al., 2014).. This group of insects is suitable to include in a monitoring protocol, for several reasons: a relative easy identification, it is a good group as bioindicators due to their short life cycle and their high sensitivity to climate, and their relation with plants allow relate their presence with vegetation changes. The monitoring of diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea) in Doñana, southwestern Spain, was initiated in 2005, but until 2007 the protocol is not well stablished, that is why the temporal range of this dataset start in december of 2007 with one transect. From this first transect, in 2008 the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes applied the BMS methodology to new zones and transects. The principals aims of this protocol were: to inventory all species of diurnal butterflies present in Doñana, in order to detect the appearance of new species or the local extinction of some populations; and know the dynamics and variations of butterflies populations between years and between months, in order to detect declines in these animal populations. Following the Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS) and Pollard's transects (Sevilleja et al., 2019), the data collection is based in walking transect of a determinate distance where the observer must note, count and identify (when is possible also sex) all butterflies that fly in an imaginary cube of 5 meters of side. The transects are divided into sections with a different or equal length, that usually correspond to different habitat areas. These sections are related to the EUNIS habitat classification (version 2012) and to SACRE habitat classification. In the period 2007-2013, the data was collected with the software CyberTracker and all the butterflys occurences have a coordinate In the period 2007-2013, the data was collected with the software CyberTracker and all the butterflys occurences have a coordinate associated; but since 2014 the data collection was changed to BMS that is why individuals recorded in this period (2014-2022) did not have a coordinate. The transect was adapted to optimal period of butterflies' day activity, that is three or four hours before and after noon, always with suitable climatic conditions: no rain and/or fog, minimum temperature between 13 on sunny days and 17ºC on cloudly days, maximum temperature below 30 ºC and wind conditions under 5 in Beaufort's scale. In order to know environmental and meteorological variables, temperature, wind conditions (Beaufort's scale) and cloud coverage (eighths of coverage) were measured at initial and final of each transect. The distance of transects varies between 460 and 1170 metres. The time to complete the transects varies depending on the number of individuals observed in each one, but time values are usually between 10 and 75 minutes. References: Paz, D., Román, J y Janss, G. (2014) Protocolo de muestreo 3: Censo de mariposas diurnas (Ropalóceros) mediante transectos fijos en el Espacio Natural de Doñana. Documentos Técnicos del Equipo de Seguimiento de Recursos y Procesos Naturales. ICTS-Reserva Biológica de Doñana. Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC). Sevilleja, C.G., van Swaay, C.A.M., Bourn, N., Collins, S., Settele, J., Warren, M.S., Wynhoff, I. and Roy, D.B. (2019). Butterfly Transect Counts: Manual to monitor butterflies. Report VS2019.016, Butterfly Conservation Europe & De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen. EUNIS Habitat Classification, https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/ Programa SACRE, https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/seguimiento/seguimiento-ecologico/aves.aspx, We acknowledge financial support from National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN) between 2004-2007; Singular Scientific and Technical Infrastructures from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (ICTS-MICINN); Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development from the Regional Government of Andalusia (CAGPDES-JA) since 2007; and Doñana Biological Station from the Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC) since all the study period (2007-2022). This monitoring protocol has been assigned to European Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (eBMS) since 2014., Peer reviewed

Supplementary Table S1. Yeast strains used in this study. Supplementary Table S2. Plasmids used in this study. Supplementary Table S3. Oligonucleotides used in this study. Supplementary Figure S1. Pre-rRNA processing in S. cerevisiae. Supplementary Figure S2. The nascent polypeptide exit tunnel is comprised of rRNA and three r-proteins uL4, uL22, and eL39. Supplementary Figure S3. The rpl39 D mutant exhibits a slow growth phenotype, enhanced at low temperatures. Supplementary Figure S4. eL39 is required for biogenesis of 60S r-subunits. Supplementary Figure S5. Wild-type and GFP-tagged eL39 complement the rpl39 D mutant. Supplementary Figure S6. The absence of eL39 leads to nuclear retention of pre-60S r-subunits, which is exaggerated in the cold. Supplementary Figure S7. Simplified pre-60S r-subunit assembly pathway. Supplementary Figure S8. Only partial densities for eL39 are visualized in the state E particles. Supplementary Figure S9. eL39 protein assembles in the nucleolus. Supplementary Figure S10. Accumulation of 27S and 7S pre-rRNAs in the absence of eL39 is not dependent on the presence of the TRAMP component Trf4 and the nuclear exosome component Rrp6. Supplementary Figure S11. Nog2-associated particles do not accumulate early assembling/early dissociating AFs in cells expressing rpf2 D255-344. References., Peer reviewed

Document S1. Figures S1–S5. Table S1. Ranked list of co-translational SecB substrates, related to Figure 1. Table contains rank, gene name, coverage (number of reads in the total translatome divided by gene length), low_CI (see STAR Methods for details), and subcellular localization. Table S2. Protein quantification of SecB-bound RNCs compared with all ribosomes, related to Figure 1. Table contains UniProt identifier, LFQ intensities of quantified proteins, and protein descriptors (name, biological function, biological processes). Table S3. Ranked list of co-translational SecB substrates in Δtig background, related to Figure 6. Table contains rank, gene name, coverage (number of reads in the total translatome divided by gene length), low_CI (see STAR Methods for details), and subcellular localization. Document S2. Article plus supplemental information., Peer reviewed

Table 1. Complete list of epitomes., [Background] The fundamentals of the infectivity and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant are not yet fully understood. Here, we carried out an in-silico study analyzing the spike protein, the protein electrostatic potential, and the potential immune evasion., [Methods] The analysis was based on the structure of the spike protein from two SARS-CoV-2 variants, the original Wuhan and the Botswana (Omicron). The full-length genome sequences and protein sequences were obtained from databanks. The interaction of the spike proteins with the human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor was evaluated through the open-source software. The Immune Epitope Database was used to analyze the potential immune evasion of the viruses., [Results] Our data show that the Omicron spike protein resulted in 37 amino acid changes. The physicochemical properties of the spike had changed, and the electrostatic potentials differed between both variants. This resulted in a decrease in protein interactions, which does not establish a greater interaction with the ACE2 receptor. These changes compromise key receptor-binding motif residues in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interact with neutralizing antibodies and ACE2., [Conclusions] These mutations appear to confer enhanced properties of infectivity. The Omicron variant appears to be more effective at evading immune responses., Peer reviewed