BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Description of Experiment and Data Collection This experiment was conducted at the Danum Valley Field Centre (N04.96° E117.80°; 180 MASL), Sabah, Malaysia. The field centre is part of the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA), a 43800-ha area of primary lowland forest dominated by the Family Dipterocarpaceae (dipterocarps). The experiment was planted in November 2004 throughout the primary forest south and west from the field centre. Twenty plots were placed across a large size range (12 – 400 m2) of natural canopy openings (gaps) and paired with identical plots under closed canopy (understorey) Understorey sites were placed 30 meters from each tree-fall gap at a random compass bearing. The combined gap and understorey plots represent a block. Blocks were placed across the range of topography found in Danum Valley whereby 6 blocks were in lowland riparian areas, 7 blocks were in lowland areas away from rivers and 7 blocks were on upslope sites (Fig. S1 in the Supplementary Information). The mean elevation across all plots was 249 m (range = 203 – 319 m) and the mean slope was 20 degrees (range = 3 – 56 degrees). Within each gap and understorey plot, two identical subplots were planted with seedlings of 25 tree species at 0.75 × 0.75 m spacing for a total of four subplots per gap-understorey pair and a total of 80 subplots (20 pairs × 2 gap/understorey plots × 2 subplots = 80 subplots). Due to the infrequent seed production of tree species in lowland Borneo forests, species were selected mainly based on availability in local nurseries (see Table S3 in Supplementary Information for species information). Twenty-four species were dipterocarps spanning five genera (Dipterocarpus, Dryobalanops, Hopea, Parashorea and Shorea) and one species of Bombaceae (Durian graveolens). Within each subplot, species were randomly assigned a planting point, therefore, all 80 subplots had a different planting pattern. Six months after planting—to allow for mortality due to planting stress (which was replanted after one and three months—seedlings were measured for height and diameter at base (10 cm from soil surface). From 2004 to 2007 seedlings were measured every 6 months after which they were measured approximately yearly from 2007 to 2017. One census was not included in this analysis because as it was measured only 3 months after the previous census, which led to a total of 16 censuses. These measurements of growth were used to calculate relative growth rate as the difference in log-diameter between two measurements divided by the number of days between measurements standardized to year by dividing days by 365.25. Description of each column in DataGrowthSurvivalClean.txt Block - Gap/understorey pair (Categorical variable from 1 to 20) pid - Plot ID (Categorical variable of 40 plots) Survey.date - Date of measurement (DD/MM/YYYY) Day - Julian day Year - Year of census Census - Census number Canopy - Gap or understorey designation (Categorical variable U/G) Plot - Plot number (Categorical variable from 1 to 40) Subplot - Subplot within plot (Categorical variable A/B) Subplot.no - Subplot number (Categorical variable from 1 to 80) Genus - Genus Species - Specific epithet Sp - Unique ID of first 3 letters of genus and first 3 letters of specific epithet Plant.id - ID for each individual (Categorical variable from 1 to 2000) Diam1 - Diameter at base measurement Diam2 - Diameter at base measurement DBH.1 - Diameter at breast height of taller than 1.3 m DBH.2 - Diameter at breast height of taller than 1.3 m Height.apex - Height to apical bud diam - Average of two diameter measurements dbh - Average of two DBH measurements light - Percent light in the plot measured at the start of the experiment deficit - Minimum 30-day average of rainfall deficit since last census zero - Number of days with no rain since last census dry - Number of days of the longest dry period since last census excess - Maximum 30-day average of rainfall excess since last census sun - Average sun hour per day since last census rain - Designation of rainfall conditions since last census (Wet > -50 mm deficit, Dry <-50 and >-100 mm deficit, Drought <-100 mm deficit) treat - Designation if plastic sheeting was applied to plot for the period (Everwet no plastic, Drought plastic rainfall exclusion) surv - Survival at census (1 = alive, 0 = dead) rgr - Relative growth rate for diameter at base elev - Plot elevation slp - Slope of plot topo - Designation of plot location (Categorical variable of Lowland, Riparian and Ridge) Description of RCode GrowthSurvivalGlobalFinal.R - Code for analysis of global growth and survival Figures 2 and 3 PlotsSpeciesResponses.R - Code to generate Figure 4 and 5 from Rstanarm output FitnessDifferences.R - Code to generate Figure 6 from Rstanarm output, Comunidad de Madrid Atracción de Talento Investigador2018-T1/AMB-11095 Agencia Estatal de Investigación Ramon y CajalRYC2021-032049-I, Peer reviewed

El dataset se puede consultar y descargar en el siguiente enlace https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bk3j9kdnc, Habitat association has been proposed to affect evolutionary dynamics through its control on dispersal propensity, which is considered a key trait for lineage survival in habitats of low durational stability. The Habitat Constraint hypothesis predicts different micro- and macroevolutionary patterns for stable vs. dynamic habitat specialists, but the empirical evidence remains controversial and in insects mostly derives from winged lineages. We here use genome-wide SNP data to assess the effect of habitat association on the population dynamics of two closely related flightless lineages of the genus Eutagenia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which are co-distributed across the Cyclades islands in the Eastern Mediterranean but are associated with habitat types of different presumed stability: the psammophilous lineage is associated with dynamic sandy coastal habitats, while the geophilous lineage is associated with comparatively stable compact-soil habitats. Our comparative population genomic and demographic analyses support higher inter-island gene flow in the psammophilous lineage, presumably due to the physical properties of dynamic sand-dune habitats that promote passive dispersal. We also find consistent bottlenecks in the psammophilous demes, suggesting that lineage evolution in the dynamic habitat is punctuated by local extinction and recolonisation events. The inferred demographic processes are surprisingly uniform among psammophilous demes, but vary considerably among geophilous demes depending on historical island connectivity, indicating more stringent constraints on the dynamic-habitat lineage. This study extends the Habitat Constraint hypothesis by demonstrating that selection on dispersal traits is not the only mechanism that can drive consistent differences in evolutionary dynamics between stable vs. dynamic habitat specialists., Research and Innovation Foundation : EXCELLENCE/0421/0419, Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

Trans-Saharan migrants often spend a large proportion of their annual cycle wintering in the Sahel. Advances in fieldwork and tracking technology have greatly enhanced our ability to study their ecology in these areas. Using GPS-tracking we aimed to investigate the little-known non-breeding movements of the lesser kestrel Falco naumanni in sub-Saharan Africa. We segment non-breeding tracks (n = 79 tracks by 54 individuals) into staging events (131± 25 days per non-breeding cycle), itinerant movements between staging sites (11 ± 10 days), and non-directed exploratory movements (6 ± 5 days). We then describe timing and directionality of itinerant movements by male and female kestrels throughout the non-breeding season. Regardless of sex, lesser kestrels spent on average 89% of the non-breeding season staging at 2 (range = 1–4) sites in West Africa. At the end of September, kestrels arrived along a broad front throughout the northern Sahel. By December, however, they congregated into two distinct clusters in Senegal and along the Malian-Mauritanian border. The birds stayed for longer periods and showed greater daily activity in the latter areas, compared to their first and intermediate ones. Among 24 individuals tracked along multiple annual cycles, 20 individuals consistently used the Senegalese or Malian-Mauritanian cluster. The remaining four birds used these clusters only after 2-3 years of tracking or switched between clusters across years. The eastward and westward itinerant movements of lesser kestrels during the non-breeding season, coupled with their tendency to cluster geographically towards the end, differ from the southward movements of other insectivorous raptors in West Africa. While 31% of Spanish lesser kestrels converged in Senegal, where roosts of > 20,000 birds are known, 68% moved into the Malian-Mauritanian border region where more groundwork is needed.c, Regional Government of Andalusia : 2007-2010, ref: P06-RNM-01712, Proyecto HORUS; Regional Government of Andalusia : 2010-2013 ref: P09- RNM-04588, Proyecto HORUS; Government of Extremadura : LIFE 15NAT/ES/001016, LIFE-ZEPAURBAN; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación : 2016-2019, ref: CGL2016-79249-P) (AEI/FEDER, UE), KESTRELS-MOVE; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación : 2022-2025, ref: PID2020-115793GB) (AEI/FEDER, UE), MERCURIO; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación : 2021-2023 , LIFEWATCH-2019-09-CSIC-4, POPE 2014-2020, SUMHAL; CaixaBank : ID 100010434, ref. LCF/BQ/DI17/11620014; Iberdrola (Spain) , ‘Migra’ program of SEO/ BirdLife, GREFA, Córdoba Zoo, Alcalá de Henares Municipality Global Nature Foundation : LIFE15 NAT/ ES/000734, LIFE Project “Steppe Farming” ICTS-RBD, Doñana, Spain, Peer reviewed

Community weighted means and community means of four important traits of carabid and spider arthropods in Switzerland. These datasets were analyzed to support the findings in the paper "Land-use change in the past 40 years explains shifts in arthropod community traits"., Peer reviewed

Code and data for the Dynamical Model of Oceanic Sulfur production and consumption during phytoplankton blooms (DMOS-BLOOM) The version DMOS_BLOOM_v1, currently the only available version, was used to write the article submitted to Limnology and Oceanography in early November 2022 by Guillaume Le Gland, Marta Masdeu-Navarro, Martí Galí, Sergio M. Vallina, Matti Gralka, Flora Vincent, Otto Cordero, Assaf Vardi and Rafel Simó. The version DMOS_BLOOM_v2 was used to write the revised article submitted in May 2023 DMOS-BLOOM is designed to run on both open-source GNU-Octave (version 4.4.1 and more recent) and MATLAB (version R2010b and more recent). The execution has been tested on Windows with a 2.5 GHz Intel i5-3210M processor, on Linux Ubuntu with a 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon E5645 processor, and on Linux Debian with a 2.6 GHz Intel Xeon E5-2640 processor. The main module is DMOS_BLOOM.m. The model options can be modified in DMOS_BLOOM_keys.m and DMOS_BLOOM_parameters.m. The data necessary to run DMOS_BLOOM, mainly observations of DMSP and DMS concentrations and microbial abundances, are located in the DATA folder., With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)., Peer reviewed

The data supports the paper "Local and landscape factors shape alpha and beta trophic interaction diversity in urban gardens". It provides: (1) the host-natural enemy interaction networks and network metrics between cavity-nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies, (2) the explanatory variables reflecting urban intensity, temperature, habitat amount and management intensity. (3) the questionnaires for assessing management intensity. (4) a thesaurus for the variable names. (5) a readme file. (6) the R script used for the analyses. The data is part of the BetterGardens project. It was sampled in 85 allotment and home gardens in the ctiy of Zurich in 2015 using standardized trapnests., This work was supported by: SNF Sinergia, Grant/Award: CRSII1 154416; Juan de la Cierva, Grant/Award: FJC2021-046829-I; SNF Sinergia, Grant/Award: 154416; SNF Postdoc.Moibility, Grant/Award: P500PN_217754, Peer reviewed

Canadian fisheries management has embraced the precautionary approach and the incorporation of ecosystem information into decision-making processes. Accurate estimation of fish stock biomass is crucial for ensuring sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Spatio-temporal models can provide improved indices of biomass as they capture spatial and temporal correlations in data and can account for environmental factors influencing biomass distributions. In this study, we developed a spatio-temporal generalized additive model (st-GAM) to investigate the relationships between bottom temperature, depth, and the biomass of three key fished species on The Grand Banks: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Our findings revealed changes in the centre of gravity of Atlantic cod that could be related to a northern shift of the species within the Grand Banks or to a faster recovery of the 2J3KL stock. Atlantic cod also displayed hyperaggregation behaviour with the species showing a continuous distribution over the Grand Banks when biomass is high. These findings suggest a joint stock assessment between the 2J3KL and 3NO stocks would be advisable. However, barriers may need to be addressed to achieve collaboration between the two distinct regulatory bodies (i.e., DFO and NAFO) in charge of managing the stocks. Snow crab and yellowtail flounder centres of gravity have remained relatively constant over time. We also estimated novel indices of biomass, informed by environmental factors. Our study represents a step towards ecosystem-based fisheries management for the highly dynamic Grand Banks., Peer reviewed

Canadian fisheries management has embraced the precautionary approach and the incorporation of ecosystem information into decision-making processes. Accurate estimation of fish stock biomass is crucial for ensuring sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Spatio-temporal models can provide improved indices of biomass as they capture spatial and temporal correlations in data and can account for environmental factors influencing biomass distributions. In this study, we developed a spatio-temporal generalized additive model (st-GAM) to investigate the relationships between bottom temperature, depth, and the biomass of three key fished species on The Grand Banks: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Our findings revealed changes in the centre of gravity of Atlantic cod that could be related to a northern shift of the species within the Grand Banks or to a faster recovery of the 2J3KL stock. Atlantic cod also displayed hyperaggregation behaviour with the species showing a continuous distribution over the Grand Banks when biomass is high. These findings suggest a joint stock assessment between the 2J3KL and 3NO stocks would be advisable. However, barriers may need to be addressed to achieve collaboration between the two distinct regulatory bodies (i.e., DFO and NAFO) in charge of managing the stocks. Snow crab and yellowtail flounder centres of gravity have remained relatively constant over time. We also estimated novel indices of biomass, informed by environmental factors. Our study represents a step towards ecosystem-based fisheries management for the highly dynamic Grand Banks., Peer reviewed

The long-term monitoring on plant cover of Doñana shrublands is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting Terrestrial Vegetation. The general aim of this protocol is to monitor and assess the dynamics of the main dominant terrestrial and aquatic vegetation types of Doñana. For shrublands, percent cover is recorded annually starting from 2008 to the present (2023) by staff of the Monitoring Team by one sampling campaign per year during the flowering season (between March and May) in 21 permanent square plots (15x15m). Cover is measured using the line intercept method in 3 transects of 15 m length oriented from East to West and located at fixed points of 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 metres at both sides of the plot. Using the line-intercept method, the coverage of each species is measured with a measuring tape, including the class age (adult or seedling) and the canopy status (green or dead). This method enables to calculate the percent cover for each species across the transect and for the whole plot, including data on class age and percent of dry and green canopy, additionally to the percent of bare soil, plant density, species richness and vascular plant diversity for every plot., Peer reviewed