BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

BENTART-94 Cruise (29HE19940201) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1994, Study of benthic fauna and flora of the bottoms in the south of Livingston Island area. Specific objectives:1) Taxonomic determination of the species belonging to the macrobenthos and meiobenthos. 2) Estimates of the abundance of different species, genera, orders, classes of both the epifauna and epiflora and the infauna. 3) Estimates of the most important physico-chemical variables that influence the distribution and abundance of Antarctic benthos (depth, texture of the substrate, composition in organic matter, carbonates, temperature and salinity). 4) Collection of benthic material for the study of producers of bioactive substances. 5) Collections of fauna and flora of biological interest 6) Bionomic mapping through subamrino video sampling. 7) Study of the temporal variation of primary and secondary production. 8) Study of the stomach contents of demersal fish for the establishment of trophic networks

PASO Cruise (29HE19940301) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1994, Geophysical survey in the South Pacific: Volcanic Belt of Pascua (Hot-Line) and Society Islands (Hot-Spot). The first objective consists in the investigation of the genesis and evolution of the Easter Volcanic Belt, which is an alignment of submarine volcanoes located east of Easter Island and that connects in its easternmost sector with the Nazca Ridge. The knowledge of the cortical structure, as well as the main segmentation directions of the Nazca Plate will allow to quantify the relative movements of the Pascua and Juan Fernandez microplates and therefore define the plate kinematics of an important sector of the South Pacific with implications in seismicity on the western coast of South America. The second objective is the obtaining of significant geophysical parameters for the study of the generation of volcanic rocks and / or submarine volcanic chains, in a context of interplate volcanism referred to the mechanical response of the lithosphere in function of the speed and changes in the expansion oceanica (generation of new lithosphere)

CRESCENT-1 Cruise (29HE19940930) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1994, Morphostructural control of sedimentary record and current sediment transfer in the Central-Eastern Atlantic: Agadir canyon and Hierro Island 1) Study in detail the morpho structure of the Agadir Canyon, with special incidence in the transition area between the mouth of the canyon and the channel and the channel of the turbiditic system, determining the morphology, geometry, stratigraphy and nature of the associated deposits. 2) Study the current sedimentary activity in the submarine canyons and the geological processes. The effect of current dynamic processes on the sedimentary record will be evaluated by analyzing the impact that similar processes could have had in the past. 3) Map the areas of sedimentary instability and establish the relative importance of the instability processes as modeling modifying agents in the morph-structure of the slope, base-slope and basin. 4) Establish relations between the processes of canalized transport, sedimentary instability and mass landslides, and the development of deposits of "debris flows" or turbidites in slopes and basins. Determine the factors - changes in sea level, seismic and / or volcanic activity, which control this interaction. 5) Assign the chronology of the seismic reflectors in the high resolution seismic profiles of BPS based on the chrono-stratigraphic units of the DSDP Sites. 415, 416 in the area of ​​the Agadir basin

CRESCENT-2 Cruise (29HE19941204) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1994, Morphostructural control of the sedimentary record and current transfer of sediment in the Central-Eastern Atlantic: Agadir canyon and Isla del Hierro (CRESCENT) 1) Transport and / or sediment accumulation through non-channeled areas - submarine landslides 2) The role developed by large-scale submarine landslides in the modification of the relief in the slope and base areas of the slope and especially in the geological evolution of volcanic islands. 3) Establish a detailed bathymetry of the slopes that surround the island of El Hierro that will allow to delimit the deposits of debris resulting from the possible landslides. 4) Map the areas of sedimentary instabilities and establish the relative importance of the instability processes as modifying agents of the slope modeling and slope base of volcanic islands. 5) Establish the possible alternation of periods of stability and instability that will allow stratigraphically relate the development of these landslides in relation to other active sedimentary processes in the region and even with past volcanic eruptions (vulcano-sedimentary deposits) 6) Reconstruct the recent kinematic evolution of the eastern-central Atlantic basin and its possible comparison with the conjugated atlantic margin and with other nearby margins, including the characterization of pre-sin and post-rift sediments, and comparison with other well-studied and relatively close passive margins (margin of Galicia) 7) Perform a geological and geophysical mapping through the magnetism and gravimetry data, to know the current and deep structure of the basement (oceanic crust of the Central Atlantic) 8) Comparative study of the volcano-tectonic processes (magmatic flows ) and possible submarine hydrothermalism associated with the formation n of the Isla del Hierro, located in a particular context of interplaca volcanism ("hot spot")

BENTART-95 Cruise (29HE19950112) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1995, Study benthic fauna and flora of Livingston Island & Study of bioactive substances of algae and Antarctic marine invertebrates (BENTART). Objectives 1) Preparation of the catalog of the species of macrobenthos, meiobenthos and demersal fish of the hard and mobile bottoms of the south zone of Livingston Island, by means of the taxonomic determination of all the species. 2) Expansion of knowledge about the geographic, bathymetric and horizonatal distribution of the various species studied and the subsequent geographical analysis. 3) Study of the most important environmental parameters (physico-chemical) in the water column (depth, temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll, speed and direction of the currents) and sediment (granulometry, content in, organic matter and carbonates ), which may affect the distribution and abundance of Antarctic benthic communities. 4) Characterization of the benthonic populations, with estimates of abundance, biomass and biovolumes of the main taxonomic groups, from the data obtained in the sampling stations and the treatment of the video and underwater photography images. 5) Typification of the communities, structural analysis of the same and bionomic cartography. 6) Study of fish-benthic trophic relationships, by analyzing the stomach contents of the former, with special attention to the role of suprabenths. The last objective will be the development of a trophic scheme that allows us to ascertain the transfer of energy transferred from the invertebrate benthos to the fish. 7) Phylogenetic and ecophysiological studies in macroalgae. 8) Genetic studies of benthic animals to know the genetic variability of different populations, their comparison with other species and possible resolution of taxonomic problems. 9) Evaluation of the survival of marine invertebrates captured by trawling or dredging methods and estimation of the impact caused by such gear on Antarctic bottoms. 10) Study of bioactive substances of algae and marine invertebrates. 11) Study of chemical pollution (heavy metals, pesticides) in sediments and Antarctic marine organisms (fish, sponge, etc ...) 12) Assembling of documentaries and audiovisuals, both scientific and informative, based on photographic material and filming Submarine and superficial video. 13) Expansion of the collections of Antarctic benthic invertebrates, initiated at the Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid. 14) Enlargement of the photographic archive on presently existing Antarctic benthos

DRAKE-95 Cruise (29HE19950210) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1995, The DRAKE 95 campaign is part of the activities of the WOCE CORE PROJECT. The general purpose of the project is to quantify the contribution of the Southern Ocean to the planetary climate, and its specific objectives are three: - To determine the transport of the Circumpolar Antarctic Current (ACC) and its dynamic balance. - Quantify the southern transports through the Southern Ocean and between it and the adjacent ocean basins. - Evaluate the atmosphere-ocean flows in the area of ​​the Southern Ocean

LATITUD-I Cruise (29HE19950305) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1995, Latitudinal patterns in the regulation of ocean plankton production. The main objective of the project is to verify the hypothesis that the metabolic and photon balances of the oceanic photic layer vary systematically with latitude. Subobjectives: 1) Development and validation of predictive models that allow us to model the relationship between respiration, net production, and light absorption properties of the planktonic community and its primary production, and describe its latitudinal variation. 2) Development and validation of bio-optic models that describe the relationship between the color of the ocean and respiration and new production of the planktonic community. 3) elucidation of the importance of the availability of resources (nutrients, carbon, light) versus consumption (herbivorism) in the regulation of planktonic production along a gradient of latitude, with the variation in the associated production

TEIDE-95 Cruise (29HE19950415) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1995, Study morphotectonic submarine flank of Teide. Among the specific objectives of this Project are the knowledge of the morphology of the seabed, the seismic characterization and quantification of pyroclastic materials and understanding of the origin and evolution of the Orotova, Icod and Güimar valleys. For the resolution of the previous objectives, a set of geophysical techniques has been applied among which are included: Magnetometry, Gravimetry, seismic reflection and multibeam echosounders

BIG-95 Cruise (29HE19950515) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1995, Characterisation of the recent BIG'95 debris flow deposit on the Ebro margin

VARIMED-95 Cruise (29HE19950602) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 1995, Mediterranean pelagic ecosystem study: analysis of plankton dynamics. The main objectives are the study of the temporal variability of high frequency (hours) and medium (days, weeks) of the physical and biological phenomena that determine the transfer of matter and energy in the pelagic system (classic trophic networks, based on phytoplankton < herbivore zooplankton < fishes, or microbial networks, based on Phytoplankton < bacteria < flagellates and ciliates< zooplankton < fish. Several in situ experiments have been conducted