BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

The consideration of the legitimation processes that took place in the Cuban and Nicaraguan revolutionary regimes is made in the present text in the light of the weberian typology of legitimate domination. In spite of their remarkable differences –mainly the shape of a frame of democratic legality and political pluralism in sandinist Nicaragua–, it is fundamental in both cases the confluence between political leadership and construction of national imaginaries. At a theoretical level, the lack of a type of legitimacy based on the absolute belief in certain principles, aims or values in weberian political sociology makes difficult the empirical analysis of such relevant foundations of power as the nation or the people, capital in the cases discussed in these pages., El examen de los procesos de legitimación acontecidos en los regímenes revolucionarios cubano y nicaragüense es efectuado en el presente texto a la luz de la tipología weberiana de la dominación legítima. Pese a sus notables disimilitudes –mayormente la articulación de un marco de legalidad democrática y pluralismo político en la Nicaragua sandinista–, en ambos casos resulta decisiva en este sentido la confluencia entre liderazgo político y construcción de imaginarios nacionales. A un nivel teórico, la ausencia en la sociología política weberiana de un tipo de legitimidad basado en la creencia en la validez última de ciertos principios, fines o valores dificulta el tratamiento empírico de fundamentos del poder de la relevancia de la nación o el pueblo, capitales en los casos abordados en estas páginas.

Sin resumen

The volcanic-arc Lower Cretaceous Maimón (Dominican Republic) and Los Pasos (Cuba) Formations, representative of the oldest magmatism recorded in the Caribbean island arc, host most of the known volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in the Greater Antilles. On the basis of new lithogeochemical data, basalts of the Maimón Formation are classified as fore arc basalts (FAB), boninites and less abundant low-Ti (LOTI) and normal island-arc tholeiites (IAT), and those of the Los Pasos Formation as LOTI and IAT. Felsic volcanics from the two formations are geochemically analogous and present mantle-type (M-type), boninitic and tholeiitic signatures, classifying as FIV-type, typical of post-Archaean VMS-bearing juvenile volcanic suites. This lithogeochemical data is indicative of formation in a fore-arc environment just after subduction initiation in association with initial extensional regimes and associated boninitic and tholeiitic melts that originated in the shallow mantle. Within this tectonic framework, rocks of the Los Pasos Formation and associated VMS deposits likely formed at a slightly later stage than those of the Maimón Formation

Peer Reviewed

Climate regional characteristics, urban environmental conditions, and outdoors thermal comfort requirements of residents are important for urban planning. Basic studies of urban microclimate can provide information and useful resources to predict and improve thermal conditions in hot-humid climatic regions. The paper analyzes the thermal bioclimate and its influence as urban design factor in Cuba, using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). Simulations of wind speed variations and shade conditions were performed to quantify changes in thermal bioclimate due to possible modifications in urban morphology. Climate data from Havana, Camagüey, and Santiago of Cuba for the period 2001 to 2012 were used to calculate PET with the RayMan model. The results show that changes in meteorological parameters influence the urban microclimate, and consequently modify the thermal conditions in outdoors spaces. Shade is the predominant strategy to improve urban microclimate with more significant benefits in terms of PET higher than 30 °C. For climatic regions such as the analyzed ones, human thermal comfort can be improved by a wind speed modification for thresholds of PET above 30 °C, and by a wind speed decreases in conditions below 26 °C. The improvement of human thermal conditions is crucial for urban sustainability. On this regards, our study is a contribution for urban designers, due to the possibility of taking advantage of results for improving microclimatic conditions based on urban forms. The results may enable urban planners to create spaces that people prefer to visit, and also are usable in the reconfiguration of cities., Climate regional characteristics, urban environmental conditions, and outdoors thermal comfort requirements of residents are important for urban planning. Basic studies of urban microclimate can provide information and useful resources to predict and improve thermal conditions in hot-humid climatic regions. The paper analyzes the thermal bioclimate and its influence as urban design factor in Cuba, using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). Simulations of wind speed variations and shade conditions were performed to quantify changes in thermal bioclimate due to possible modifications in urban morphology. Climate data from Havana, Camagüey, and Santiago of Cuba for the period 2001 to 2012 were used to calculate PET with the RayMan model. The results show that changes in meteorological parameters influence the urban microclimate, and consequently modify the thermal conditions in outdoors spaces. Shade is the predominant strategy to improve urban microclimate with more significant benefits in terms of PET higher than 30 °C. For climatic regions such as the analyzed ones, human thermal comfort can be improved by a wind speed modification for thresholds of PET above 30 °C, and by a wind speed decreases in conditions below 26 °C. The improvement of human thermal conditions is crucial for urban sustainability. On this regards, our study is a contribution for urban designers, due to the possibility of taking advantage of results for improving microclimatic conditions based on urban forms. The results may enable urban planners to create spaces that people prefer to visit, and also are usable in the reconfiguration of cities.

We summarize the available geological information on the Sierra Maestra Mountains in southeastern Cuba and report new zircon fission track and biotite Ar-Ar ages for this region. Two different and genetically unrelated volcanic arc sequences occur in the Sierra Maestra, one Cretaceous in age (pre-Maastrichtian) and restricted to a few outcrops on the southern coast, and the other Palaeogene in age, forming the main expression of the mountain range. These two sequences are overlain by middle to late Eocene siliciclastic, carbonatic and terrigenous rocks as well as by late Miocene to Quaternary deposits exposed on the southern flank of the mountain range. These rocks are britle deformed and contain extension gashes filled with calcite and karst material. The Palaeogene volcanic arc successions were intruded by calc-alkaline, low- to medium-K tonalites and trondhjemites during the final stages of subduction and subsequent collision of the Caribbean oceanic plate with the North American continental plate. U-Pb SHRIMP single zircon dating of five granitoid plutons yielded 206Pb/238U emplacement ages between 60.5 ± 2.2 and 48.3 ± 0.5 Ma. These granitoids were emplaced at pressures ranging from 1.8 to 3.0 kbar, corresponding to depths of ca. 4.5-8 km. 40Ar/39Ar dating of two biotite concentrates yielded ages of 50 ± 2 and 54 ± 4 Ma, indicating cooling through ca. 300 ºC. Zircon and apatite fission track ages range from 32 ± 3 to 46 ± 4 Ma and 31 ± 10 to 44 ± 13 Ma, respectively, and date cooling through 250 ± 50 ºC and 110 ± 20 ºC. The granitoids are the result of subduction-related magmatism and have geochemical characteristics similar to those of magmas from intra-oceanic island-arcs such as the Izu Bonin-Mariana arc and the New Britain island arc. Major and trace element patterns suggest evolution of these rocks from a single magmatic source. Geochemical features characterize these rocks as typical subduction-related granitoids as found worldwide in intra-oceanic arcs, and they probably formed through fractional crystallization of mantlederived low- to medium-K basalts. Several distinct phases of deformation were recognized in the Sierra Maestra, labelled D1 to D6, which define the transition from collision of the Palaeogene island arc to the formation of the Oriente Transform Wrench Corridor south of Cuba and later movement of the Caribbean plate against the North American plate. The first phase (D1) is related to the intrusion of a set of extensive subparallel, N-trending subvertical basalt-andesite dykes, probably during the early to middle Eocene. Between the late-middle Eocene and early Oligocene (D2), rocks of the Sierra Maestra were deformed by approximately east-west trending folds and north-vergent thrust faults. This deformation (D2) was linked to a shift in the stress regime of the Caribbean plate from mainly NNE-SSW to E-W. This shift in plate motion caused the abandonment of the Nipe-Guacanayabo fault system in the early Oligocene and initiation of a deformation front to the south where the Oriente Transform Wrench corridor is now located. Compressive structures were overprinted by widespread extensional structures (D3), mainly faults with southward-directed normal displacement in the Oligocene to early Miocene. During this period the plate boundary jumped to the Oriente fault. This event was followed by transpressive and transtensive structures (D4-D6) due to further development of the sinistral E-trending Oriente Transform wrench corridor. These structures are consistent with oblique convergence in a wide zone of left-lateral shear along an E-W-oriented transform fault.

A partir de la configuración racial de la población cubana, se hace un estudio, bajo una perspectiva de género, de algunos de los componentes principales del patrón reproductivo cubano utilizando como característica discriminante la variable color de la piel. De manera complementaria -y a partir de la variable rectora de análisis-, se aborda el estudio de la jefatura femenina del hogar o núcleo familiar. De los resultados alcanzados en el estudio se desprende que, al igual que ocurre en Cuba con otras características sociodemográficas que vienen manifestando un proceso de homogeneización entre los diversos subgrupos de población, los comportamientos diferenciales que se observan en el patrón reproductivo y en la jefatura de núcleo entre la población femenina blanca, negra y mestiza, no resultan muy divergentes, como pudiera observarse en otros países con características étnicas similares a las cubanas., A partir de la configuració racial de la població cubana es fa un estudi, sota una perspectiva de gènere, d'alguns dels principals components del patró reproductiu cubà utilitzant com a tret discriminant la variable color de la pell. De forma complementària -i a partir de la variable rectora d'anàlisi-, s'aborda l'estudi del cap de llar femení. Dels resultats de la investigació es desprèn que, igual que succeeix a Cuba amb altres trets sociodemogràfics que venen manifestant un procés d'homogeneització entre els diversos subgrups de població, els comportaments diferencials que s'observen en el patró reproductiu i en el cap de llar entre la població femenina blanca, negra i mestissa, no resulten molt divergents, com podria observar-se en altres països amb trets ètnics similars als cubans., From the racial composition of the Cuban population, this work aims at studying, in a gender perspective, some of the components of the Cuban reproductive model using colour of skin as the discriminant characteristic. In a complementary way, we study households and nuclear families headed by women. Our results permit to conclude, as it was observed for other sociodemographic characteristics highlighting a homogenization process among the different population sub-groups, that differentiated behaviours observed for the reproductive model and headship among white, black and half-breed population are not very divergent, as it was observed in other countries having ethnic composition similar to Cuban ones., A partir de la composition raciale de la population cubaine, ce travail consiste à étudier, à partir d'une perspective de genre, certaines composantes principales du modèle reproductif cubain, en utilisant comme caractéristique discriminante la couleur de la peau. De façon complémentaire, on aborde l'étude des chefs de ménage ou de famille nucléaire féminins. À partir des résultats obtenus dans cette étude, on conclue, de la même façon l'observe pour d'autres caractéristiques socio-démographiques qui mettent en lumière un processus d'homogénéisation des différents sous-groupes de la population, que les comportements différentiels qui s'observent pour le modèle reproductif et les taux de chef de famille nucléaire parmi la population blanche, noire et métisse ne sont pas très divergents, comme on a pu l'observer dans d'autres pays ayant des caractéristiques ethniques similaires à celles de Cuba.