The intrinsic dynamic nature of chromosomes is emerging as a fundamental component in regulating DNA transcription, replication, and damage-repair among other nuclear functions. With this increased awareness, reinforced over the last ten years, many new experimental techniques, mainly based on microscopy and chromosome conformation capture, have been introduced to study the genome in space and time. Owing to the increasing complexity of these cutting-edge techniques, computational approaches have become of paramount importance to interpret, contextualize, and complement such experiments with new insights. Hence, it is becoming crucial for experimental biologists to have a clear understanding of the diverse theoretical modeling approaches available and the biological information each of them can provide., M.A.M-R. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme through the ERC (grant agreement 609989), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 676556), and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (BFU2017-85926-P). M.D.S. acknowledges support from the ORION project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (grant agreement 741527). D.J. acknowledges Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-18-CE12-0006-03, ANR-18-CE45-0022-01) for funding. CRG acknowledges support from ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017’, SEV-2012-0208 and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya as well as support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the EMBL partnership, the Generalitat de Catalunya through Departament de Salut and Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement, and the Co-financing with funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) by the Spanish Ministery of Science and Innovation coresponding to the Programa Opertaivo FEDER Plurirregional de España (POPE) 2014-2020 and by the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca, Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement of the Generalitat de Catalunya corresponding to the programa Operatiu FEDER Catalunya 2014-2020. Open Access fees paid from COST Action INC (CA18127), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)

Open Science is an umbrella term encompassing multiple concepts as open access to publications, open data, open education and citizen science that aim to make science more open and transparent. Citizen science, an important facet of Open Science, actively involves non-scientists in the research process, and can potentially be beneficial for multiple actors, such as scientists, citizens, policymakers and society in general. However, the reasons that motivate different segments of the public to participate in research are still understudied. Therefore, based on data gathered from a survey conducted in Czechia, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK (N = 5,870), this study explores five types of incentives that can motivate individuals to become involved in life sciences research. The results demonstrate that men and younger individuals are more persuaded by extrinsic motives (external benefits or rewards), as compared with women and older people, who are driven by intrinsic motives (that originates from within an individual). This paper shows that specific strata of the population are differentially motivated to engage in research, thereby providing relevant knowledge for effectively designing public involvement activities that target various groups of the public in research projects., This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 741527. This publication reflects only the author’s view and the Research Executive Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Open Science calls for transparent science and involvement of various stakeholders. Here are examples of and advice for meaningful stakeholder engagement., Ana Lúcia Mena was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT. The Soy-in-1000-gardens project and the Liver project were funded within the Grand Challenges Program of VIB. This VIB Program received support from the Flemish Government under the Management Agreement 2017–2021 (VR 2016 2312 Doc.1521/4). Inês Pinheiro funded by ANR LabEx DEEP (11-LBX-0044, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02) and by Institut Curie. We acknowledge support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. We acknowledge funding from European Commission (EC): 741527

The concepts of Open Science and Responsible Research and Innovation call for a more transparent and collaborative science, and more participation of citizens. The way to achieve this is through cooperation with different actors or "stakeholders": individuals or organizations who can contribute to, or benefit from research, regardless of whether they are researchers themselves or not. Examples include funding agencies, citizens associations, patients, and policy makers (https://aquas.gencat.cat/ web/.content/minisite/aquas/publicacions/ 2018/how_measure_engagement_research_ saris1_aquas2018.pdf). Such cooperation is even more relevant in the current, challenging times-even apart from a global pandemic- when pseudo-science, fake news, nihilist attitudes, and ideologies too often threaten social and technological progress enabled by science. Stakeholder engagement in research can inform and empower citizens, help render research more socially acceptable, and enable policies grounded on evidence-based knowledge. Beyond, stakeholder engagement is also beneficial to researchers and to research itself. In a recent survey, the majority of scientists reported benefits from public engagement (Burns et al, 2021). This can include increased mutual trust and mutual learning, improved social relevance of research, and improved adoption of results and knowledge (Cottrell et al, 2014). Finally, stakeholder engagement is often regarded as an important factor to sustain public investment in the life sciences (Burns et al, 2021).Here, we discuss different levels of stakeholder engagement by way of example, presenting various activities organized by European research institutions. Based on these experiences, we propose ten reflection points that we believe should be considered by the institutions, the scientists, and the funding agencies to achieve meaningful and impactful stakeholder engagement.

Open Science is an umbrella term encompassing multiple concepts as open access to publications, open data, open education and citizen science that aim to make science more open and transparent. Citizen science, an important facet of Open Science, actively involves non-scientists in the research process, and can potentially be beneficial for multiple actors, such as scientists, citizens, policymakers and society in general. However, the reasons that motivate different segments of the public to participate in research are still understudied. Therefore, based on data gathered from a survey conducted in Czechia, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK (N = 5,870), this study explores five types of incentives that can motivate individuals to become involved in life sciences research. The results demonstrate that men and younger individuals are more persuaded by extrinsic motives (external benefits or rewards), as compared with women and older people, who are driven by intrinsic motives (that originates from within an individual). This paper shows that specific strata of the population are differentially motivated to engage in research, thereby providing relevant knowledge for effectively designing public involvement activities that target various groups of the public in research projects., This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 741527. This publication reflects only the author’s view and the Research Executive Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

The intrinsic dynamic nature of chromosomes is emerging as a fundamental component in regulating DNA transcription, replication, and damage-repair among other nuclear functions. With this increased awareness, reinforced over the last ten years, many new experimental techniques, mainly based on microscopy and chromosome conformation capture, have been introduced to study the genome in space and time. Owing to the increasing complexity of these cutting-edge techniques, computational approaches have become of paramount importance to interpret, contextualize, and complement such experiments with new insights. Hence, it is becoming crucial for experimental biologists to have a clear understanding of the diverse theoretical modeling approaches available and the biological information each of them can provide., M.A.M-R. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme through the ERC (grant agreement 609989), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 676556), and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (BFU2017-85926-P). M.D.S. acknowledges support from the ORION project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (grant agreement 741527). D.J. acknowledges Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-18-CE12-0006-03, ANR-18-CE45-0022-01) for funding. CRG acknowledges support from ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017’, SEV-2012-0208 and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya as well as support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the EMBL partnership, the Generalitat de Catalunya through Departament de Salut and Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement, and the Co-financing with funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) by the Spanish Ministery of Science and Innovation coresponding to the Programa Opertaivo FEDER Plurirregional de España (POPE) 2014-2020 and by the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca, Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement of the Generalitat de Catalunya corresponding to the programa Operatiu FEDER Catalunya 2014-2020. Open Access fees paid from COST Action INC (CA18127), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)

Open Science calls for transparent science and involvement of various stakeholders. Here are examples of and advice for meaningful stakeholder engagement., Ana Lúcia Mena was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT. The Soy-in-1000-gardens project and the Liver project were funded within the Grand Challenges Program of VIB. This VIB Program received support from the Flemish Government under the Management Agreement 2017–2021 (VR 2016 2312 Doc.1521/4). Inês Pinheiro funded by ANR LabEx DEEP (11-LBX-0044, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02) and by Institut Curie. We acknowledge support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. We acknowledge funding from European Commission (EC): 741527

The uses of technology in public spaces are not new, but now we find new forms of social interactions and practices, socio-spatial representations and relationships. The close relationship between real and virtual worlds also opens up new ways of advancing knowledge. In order to facilitate the implementation of Open Science, we explore different co-creation methods with multiple stakeholders. All groups are involved and have influence throughout the project lifecycle: from the beginning, to planning, to implementation, to dissemination. Research activities should involve a wide variety of stakeholders interested, including government, educators, nurses, charities, civil societies, patient groups and the publics, based in a way to (1) obtaining contributions by customers, (2) selecting the best of these contributions, and (3) incorporating these selected contributions into products, processes, or services. Interactions between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), public spaces, and healthcare are considered as s a tool for connecting people in small communities (enhancing participation). A Platform (DXP - Digital eXperience Platform) through “headless” technologies may provide content management capabilities and easy integration with devices and various sources, driven by user needs and developed with the concept of “Community in mind” in order to create strong and active communities and transform our small communities into more human environments, rather than just more high-tech places, and to understand that “smartness” should be people-friendly. It was applies the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) principles on the scientific process and governance, identify drivers and barriers, interests and values for current and future societal challenges.