[EN] Data on the historical and recent location of colonies and nests of the bee-eater, Merops apiaster, within the Doñana Natural Area., [ES] Datos sobre la ubicación histórica y actual de nidos y colonias de abejarucos, Merops apiaster, en el Espacio Natural de Doñana., [EN] This dataset includes the data collected during the nest censuses of bee-eaters, Merops apiaster, carried out during the 2006, 2011 and 2022 surveys within the Doñana Natural Area. It also includes data extracted from the collection of historical Field notebooks of Doñana between 1970-1999., [ES] Este dataset incluye los datos recogidos durante los censos de nidos de abejarucos llevados a cabo dentro del Espacio Natural de Doñana, en los años 2006, 2011, 2022. También incluye un atabla con los datos de colonias históricas extraídos de los Cuadernos de Campo de Doñana, entre los años 1970-1999., The fieldwork of the present study has been funded by the Andalusian Ministry of Environment of the Regional Government of Andalusia (Project 2008X0963) and SEO/Birdlife (2016 Grants for Early-Career Researchers). Land-Rover España S.A. kindly lent a vehicle. ICTS-Doñana provided logistic support for the fieldwork and access to the Field notebooks of Doñana’s ornithologists. MASC has been supported by the Jaime González Gordon Foundation (2022 Grants for MSc theses in Doñana), MD by the JAE-PRE fellowship by CSIC, the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Program (IJC2019-039662-I) by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and the project “Plan Complementario de I+D+i en el área de Biodiversidad (PCBIO)” funded by the European Union within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan - NextGenerationEU and by the Regional Government of Andalusia., Peer reviewed

A list of articles on global change drivers in Doñana Protected Area has been provided as supporting information, Maria Paniw was supported by the grants RYC2021-033192-I and PID-2022-141004OA-100; Irene Mendoza by the grants PID2020-115129RJI00 and TED2021-129871A-I00 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2021 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101064340 to Virginia Domínguez-García. María José Ruiz-López was supported by the grant PID2020-118921RJ-I00; Javier Puy by grant FJC2020-042954-I by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”; Laetitia M. Navarro, Alberto García-Rodríguez, Elena Tena, José M. Reyes-González, Simone Guareschi, Pablo Homet, Pablo Villalva and Eva Moracho were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project through European Regional Development Fund (SUMHAL, LIFEWATCH-2019-09-CSIC-4, POPE 2014–2020). Cosme López-Calderón was supported by Juan de la Cierva fellowship (FJC2019-042541-I). Elena Velado-Alonso received funding from the project SHOWCASE (SHOWCASing synergies between agriculture, biodiversity and ecosystem services to help farmers capitalizing on native biodiversity) within the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 862480. Cristina Coccia acknowledges the support of NBFC to Roma Tre University, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4—Call for Tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree No. 3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU. Project Code CN00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP F83C22000730006. Alberto García-Rodríguez, Elena Tena, and Iñigo Donázar-Aramendía were additionally supported by the EU-NextGenerationEU funds through the 2021–2023 Margarita Salas call for the requalification of the Spanish university system, convened by the Universidad de León, Universidad de Salamanca, and Universidad de Sevilla, respectively. Sebastiano de Franciscis was funded by the Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020) of Junta de Andalucía (PY20\_00765) granted to M.A.F. Zulima Tablado was supported by the NaturaConnect project within the Horizon Europe funding scheme (Grant agreement ID: 101060429). Marcello D'Amico was supported by the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Program from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (IJC2019-039662-I), and the project “Plan Complementario de I+D+i en el área de Biodiversidad (PCBIO)” funded by the European Union within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan—NextGenerationEU and by the Regional Government of Andalusia, This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Peer reviewed