This dataset includes the compositional information of n = 1778 geoarchaeological samples of green phosphate minerals sourced from three major Iberian deposits with evidence of prehistoric mining: Aliste, Terena, and the Gavà Mines. It has been used to develop a data-driven framework that integrates portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis and machine learning (ML), to determine the provenance of archaeological artifacts based on its elemental composition. In addition, a mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of a subset (N = 249; n_Aliste = 122, n_Terena = 47, n_Gavà = 80) was conducted to complement the geochemical characterisation of the sample. Data from n = 571 variscite beads from 15 Iberian and French archaeological sites, representing a diverse range of chrono-cultural contexts spanning from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, used to test the model are also presented. The compositional data was obtained by using a portable XRF analyser and is presented as atomic percentages of the elements between Al and Th. Mineral compositions were determined using a Panalytical X'Pert Pro θ/θ diffractometer. This dataset has high reuse potential for future non-destructive studies of archaeological artefacts and past social network analyses., This work was financed by Portuguese funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project UID/00698: Centre for Archaeology. University of Lisbon, PhD grant [UI/BD/154365/2023]; The Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the kingdom of Spain, [PID2021–124421NB-I00]; Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya [CLT009/18/00044] and [CLT_2022_EXP_ARQ001SOLC_00000131]., Peer reviewed

This dataset includes the compositional information of n=1,778 samples of geoarchaeological green phosphate minerals sourced from three major Iberian deposits: Aliste, Terena, and the Gavà Mines. It has been used to develop a data-driven framework that integrates portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis and machine learning (ML), to determine the provenance of archaeological artifacts based on its elemental composition. Additionally, we present the data from n=571 variscite beads from 15 Iberian and french archaeological sites, representing a diverse range of chrono-cultural contexts spanning the Neolithic to the Bronze Age used to test the model., Grant Agency: Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal FCT
Grant Number: UI/BD/154365/2023
Name: Exploring a data-driven approach to study Social Complexity in Prehistory: Computational Archaeology and Personal Adornment in the Iberian Peninsula.

Grant Agency: Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal FCT
Grant Number: UID/00698
Name: Centre for Archaeology. University of Lisbon

Grant Agency: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Grant Number: PID2021-124421NB-I00
Name: Arqueología de las falsificaciones y la percepción: adornos y autopercepción en el mediterráneo occidental, Peer reviewed