[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] Over a span of 5 years (four complete fruiting seasons; 2018-11-21 to 2023-04-17), we monitored 339 plant individuals belonging to 13 distinct fleshy-fruited plant species with camera traps. Uur approach involved the strategic placement of camera traps in front of specific plant individuals, referred to as focal plants. These cameras were set in video mode, providing valuable insights for identifying animal species, but also annotating specific foraging behaviors and estimating fruit consumption rates for certain species, as well as fruit-picking and fruit handling behaviors. We deployed a total of 70 cameras, including 50 Browning Dark Ops®, 10 Bushnell Trophy® cam Aggressor, and 10 GoPro® cameras. These cameras were strategically positioned towards different plant individuals bearing fleshy fruits. Sensor-triggered camera traps were used for 12 plant species, while continuous recording with GoPro® cameras was used for sampling Pistacia lentiscus. Regular checks of the camera traps were conducted at regular intervals, either weekly or biweekly, depending on the plant species and the specific period of the year, [Methods for processing the data] We developed an image processing workflow specifically designed for integrating video recordings and creating extensive and accurate databases of frugivore interactions using camera traps. We leverage Megadetector and Time-lapse, an AI model for eliminating blank images and enhanced visualisation software respectively., The goal of this repository is to contain and facilitate access to the data associated to the datapaper FRUGIVORY CAMTRAPS: A dataset of plant-animal interactions recorded with camera traps, Ecological interactions are a key component of biodiversity, essential for understanding ecosystem services and functioning. Recording and quantifying ecological interactions is challenging, frequently requiring complex logistics and substantial effort in the field. Camera traps are routinely used in ecology for various applications and have proven to be an excellent method for passive and non-invasive sampling of plant-animal interactions. We implemented a standardized camera trap protocol to monitor frugivory interactions between fleshy-fruited plant species and vertebrate frugivores in Doñana National Park, SW Spain. The central objective was to inventory the diversity of plant-animal ecological interactions providing seed dispersal services. We recorded pairwise interactions between plant individuals and vertebrate frugivore species from 2018 to 2023, reporting both qualitative information (presence-absence of the interaction) and quantitative data (frequency of visits). Each record in the dataset contains information of a visit by an individual animal to an individual plant, resulting in any form of fleshy-fruit use and provides information on visitation phenology, visit length and feeding behavior. The dataset presented here includes 10,659 frugivory interactions for 59 vertebrate species (46 birds, 13 mammals) recorded on 339 plant individuals from 13 different plant species which dominate the fleshy-fruited plant assemblage in the Doñana National Park. The most recorded animal species consuming fruits and playing a legitimate seed dispersal role was Curruca melanocephala (1678 records) among birds and Vulpes vulpes among mammals (751 records). On the other hand, Cervus elaphus was the most recorded mammal species (1508 records), but it is a fruit consumer with a marginal role as legitimate seed disperser. Avian frugivores, particularly those from the Sylviidae and Turdidae families, are widespread in the region, and play a crucial role in maintaining the dispersal service for the fleshy-fruited plant populations in the area. The dataset offers highly versatile quantitative information that can be used to investigate frugivory from the highest resolution scale, the interaction event between pairs of individuals. In addition, information can be extracted about the timing of interactions of animals and plants (their phenological couplings), activity periods of the animals, behavior during the events and preferences for individual plants within populations., This study was funded by MICINN through the European Regional Development Fund [SUMHAL, LIFEWATCH-2019-09-CSIC-4, POPE 2014-2020], with additional funding (PJ) from grant PID2022-136812NB-I00 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. IM was supported by the grant PID2020-115129RJ-I00 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033., Peer reviewed

Pairwise plant-frugivore mutualistic interactions build up into mega-diverse networks involving dozens of interacting species, being among the most generalized interactions occurring in free-living species. These mutualisms consist of food provisioning by plants and their counterpart, plant propagule (seeds) movement by the animals, being crucial for the natural vegetation regeneration in many ecosystems. Yet we are far from understanding which part of this enormous interaction biodiversity is needed for their maintenance. I overview the diversity of interaction modes involved in these mutualisms, the main components of the seed dispersal services, and their functional diversity. I examine how interaction richness covaries with partner species richness at different scales, resulting in variable patterns of species complementarities in terms of seed dispersal effects. The functionality of most generalized plant-frugivore mutualisms relies on complementarity of effects across a high diversity of partners, yet frequently depends on just a distinct subset of them, resulting in high functional redundancy. Two distinct aspects are relevant: 1) variable quantitative effects among species; 2) variable pairwise-interaction outcomes, between the extremes of antagonism and mutualism. Frugivory, occurring at the final stage of each plant reproductive episode, entails a large, cumulative, effect of other biotic interactions occurring at earlier stages (e.g., floral herbivory, pollination, pre-dispersal fruit damage). I examine how plant-frugivore interactions mix-up with the whole biotic interactome of a plant, using the Prunus mahaleb system as a case study. The effects of distinct subsets of frugivores combine with different sets of antagonistic and mutualistic partners in other interactions, yet having a lasting signal on final seed dispersal success., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades: PID2022–136812NB–I00, MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/; Universidad de Sevilla, Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia, University of Sevilla (2021-2024), Peer reviewed