BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

This paper investigates the empirical relationship between globalization and in-trastate conflict in a sample of 160 countries over the period 1970-2009. To that end, we use a measure of globalization that distinguishes the social and political dimensions of integration from the economic dimension, thus allowing us to adopt a broader perspective than in most of existing studies and examine the effect of these three distinct aspects of globalization on civil violence. The results of the paper show that the degree of integration with the rest of the world contributes significantly to increasing the incidence of civil wars, in direct contrast to arguments which defend that globalization has the beneficial effect of deterring internal armed conficts. In particular, the dimension of globalization that most robustly relates with internal confict is economic integration. Our findings are not affected by the inclusion of additional explanatory variables in the analysis, or by changes in the definition of civil war. Likewise, the relationship observed between the degree of integration and civil violence does not seem to be driven by countries located in the most confictive regions in the world., Roberto Ezcurra gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project ECO2011-29314-C02-01).

This paper analyzes to what extent the definition of property rights affects cropping decisions when these decisions generate negative externalities. To that end, we implement an experimental study where agents make cropping decisions in two different treatments: private and common land. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the two treatments in the contribution to the negative externality, thus revealing that the definition of property rights does not affect cropping decision in this context. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the implication of the agents in activities generating negative externalities tends to increase over time, thus amplifying its adverse consequences., Financial support from projects ECO2009-12836, ECO2012-34202 and ECO2011-29314-C02-01.

Most studies on Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) focus on the impact of their expansion
through inward or outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. However, divestments are
quite common among the operations of MNEs. In order to derive their effects, we build a
computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that includes two non-standard characteristics:
the presence of MNEs and unemployment. The model is applied to the Spanish economy,
where FDI inflows have surpassed divestments at the aggregate level in the period 2005-2009,
although divestments have been sizeable in ten sectors. We analyse two different scenarios: 1)
divestments that involve the closure of plants of foreign affiliates and 2) divestments where
national firms buy the plant of foreign affiliates. The model allows estimating the overall
impact of the divestments occurring simultaneously in ten sectors and in particular sectors.
Results not only show that national acquisitions are less harmful than closures, but quantify
those effects, and provide information on the role of the divesting sector. Some adjustment
costs arise in all scenarios., Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through the projects ECO 2011-24304 (A. G. Gómez-Plana) and ECO2011-29314-C02-02 (María C. Latorre) is gratefully acknowledged.

This paper investigates the empirical relationship between globalisation and civil conflict in a sample of 159 countries over the period 1972–2009. To that end, we use a measure of globalisation that distinguishes the social and political dimensions of integration from the economic dimension, thus allowing us to adopt a broader perspective than in most of existing studies. The results show that the inclusion of country fixed effects removes the statistical association between the degree of integration with the rest of the world and the incidence of internal conflict. We present instrumental variables estimates that also show no causal effect of globalisation on civil conflict. These findings do not depend either on the specific dimension of globalisation considered or the measure of conflict used in the analysis. Likewise, the absence of a relationship between globalisation and civil conflict is not driven by countries located in the most conflictive regions in the world., This research has benefited from the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects ECO2011‐29314‐C02‐01 and ECO2015‐64330‐P).

The article examines the link between ethnic segregation and spatial inequality in 71 countries with different levels of economic development. The results reveal that ethnic segregation is associated with significantly higher levels of spatial inequality. This finding is not affected by the inclusion of various covariates that may influence both spatial inequality and the geographical distribution of ethnic groups, and is confirmed by a number of robustness tests. The results also suggest that political decentralisation and government quality could act as transmission channels linking ethnic segregation and spatial inequality., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects ECO2011-29314-C02-01 and ECO2015-64330-P).