BUSCADOR RECOLECTA

Background. Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.
Methods. The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis.
Results. At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (-10.215 to -0.337) and (-4.731 to -0.605) respectively).
Conclusions. Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.

The objective of this study is to investigate cognitive performance in a first-episode psychosis sample, when stratifying the interaction by cannabis use and familial or non-familial psychosis. Hierarchical-regression models were used to analyse this association in a sample of 268 first-episode psychosis patients and 237 controls. We found that cannabis use was associated with worse working memory, regardless of family history. However, cannabis use was clearly associated with worse cognitive performance in patients with no family history of psychosis, in cognitive domains including verbal memory, executive function and global cognitive index, whereas cannabis users with a family history of psychosis performed better in these domains. The main finding of the study is that there is an interaction between cannabis use and a family history of psychosis in the areas of verbal memory, executive function and global cognition: that is, cannabis use is associated with a better performance in patients with a family history of psychosis and a worse performance in those with no family history of psychosis. In order to confirm this hypothesis, future research should explore the actual expression of the endocannabinoid system in patients with and without a family history of psychosis.

Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years. The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis. At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (-10.215 to-0.337) and (-4.731 to-0.605) respectively). Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.

Background. Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years. Methods The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis. Results. At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (—10.215 to —0.337) and (—4.731 to —0.605) respectively). Conclusions. Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship., This work was supported by the Carlos III Institute of
Health and European Fund for Regional Development (PI08/1213, PI11/
01977, PI14/01900, PI08/01026, PI11/02831, PI14/01621, PI08/1161, PI16/
00359, PI16/01164, PI18/00805), the Basque Foundation for Health Innovation
and Research (BIOEF), the Secretaria d´Universitats I Recerca del
Departament d´Economia I Coneixement (2017 SGR 1365), and R&D activities
in Biomedicine, Madrid Regional Government and Structural Funds of the
European Union (S2017/BMD-3740 (AGES-CM 2-CM)).

Motor abnormalities (MAs) may be already evidenced long before the beginning of illness and are highly prevalent in psychosis. However, the extent to which the whole range of MAs are related to cognitive impairment in
psychosis remains understudied.
This study aimed to examine comparatively the relationships between the whole range of motor abnormalities
and cognitive impairments in the first-episode of psychosis (FEP), their unaffected siblings and healthy control
subjects.
Fifty FEP patients, 21 of their healthy siblings and 24 age- and sex matched healthy controls were included. Motor
assessment included catatonic, extrapyramidal and neurological soft signs (NSS) by means of standardized instruments. An exhaustive neuropsychological battery was also performed to extract the 7 cognitive dimensions
of MATRICS initiative.
Higher scores on NSS but not on extrapyramidal and catatonic signs showed significant associations with worse
cognitive performance in the three study groups. However, the pattern of associations regarding specific cognitive functions was different among the three groups. Moreover, extrapyramidal signs showed significant associations with cognitive impairment only in FEP patients but not in their unaffected siblings and healthy controls.
Catatonic signs did not show any significant association with cognitive functioning in the three study groups.
These findings add evidence to the associations between motor abnormalities, particularly NSS and extrapyramidal signs, and cognitive impairment in first-episode psychosis patients. In addition, our results suggest that the
specific pattern of associations between MAs and cognitive functioning is different in FEP patients from those
of the unaffected siblings and healthy subjects., This work was supported by the Department of Health of the Government of Navarra (grants 55/2007, 11/101 and 87/2014), the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (grant 11/02831) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant SAF2008–05674-C03–02).

Individual changes over time in cognition in patients with psychotic disorders have been studied very little, especially in
the case of frst episode psychosis (FEP). We aimed to establish whether change in individual trajectories in cognition
over 2 years of a sample of 159 FEP patients was reliable and clinically signifcant, using the reliable change index (RCI)
and clinically signifcant change (CSC) methods. We also studied a sample of 151 matched healthy controls. Patients and
controls were assessed with a set of neuropsychological tests, as well as premorbid, clinical and functionality measures.
We analysed the course of cognitive measures over time, using analysis of variance, and the individual trajectories in the
cognitive measures with the regression-based RCI (RCISRB) and the CSC. The RCISRB showed that between 5.4 and 31.2%
of the patients showed deterioration patterns, and between 0.6 and 8.8% showed improvement patterns in these tests over
time. Patients showing better cognitive profles according to RCISRB (worsening in zero to two cognitive measures) showed
better premorbid, clinical and functional profles than patients showing deterioration patterns in more than three tests. When
combining RCISRB and CSC values, we found that less than 10% of patients showed improvement or deterioration patterns
in executive function and attention measures. These results support the view that cognitive impairments are stable over the
frst 2 years of illness, but also that the analysis of individual trajectories could help to identify a subgroup of patients with
particular phenotypes, who may require specifc interventions., This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute
(European Regional Development Funds-ERDF) of the Spanish Ministry of Economic Afairs and Competitiveness (08/1026, 11/02831,
14/01621) and the Health Department of the Government of Navarra
(87/2014).

Poor insight has been related to poor course in psychosis. However, the role of cognition in insight remains
unclear.
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of cognition and lifetime psychopathological dimensions on
insight in psychosis. We followed up 42 patients with psychotic disorders over 10 years. Lifetime psychopathological dimensions and cognitive performance were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups by lifetime
patterns of insight and compared with 42 healthy volunteers.
Lower IQ and poorer social cognition were associated with higher risks of poorer lifetime insight of feeling ill and
global insight respectively. Lifetime negative symptoms were associated with a higher risk of poorer lifetime
insight into symptoms.
Lifetime lack of insight is independent of cognitive impairment in specific domains, except for social cognition.
Higher IQ may contribute to better lifetime awareness of illness, while better ability to manage emotions is
involved in lifetime global insight., This work was supported by grants from the Government of Navarra (11/101 and 87/
2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute of the Spanish Economic Affairs and Competitiveness (ERDF Funds) (08/I/1026 and 11/02831).

The objective of this study is to investigate cognitive performance in a first-episode psychosis
sample, when stratifying the interaction by cannabis use and familial or non-familial psychosis.
Hierarchical-regression models were used to analyse this association in a sample of
268 first-episode psychosis patients and 237 controls. We found that cannabis use was
associated with worse working memory, regardless of family history. However, cannabis
use was clearly associated with worse cognitive performance in patients with no family history
of psychosis, in cognitive domains including verbal memory, executive function and
global cognitive index, whereas cannabis users with a family history of psychosis performed
better in these domains. The main finding of the study is that there is an interaction between
cannabis use and a family history of psychosis in the areas of verbal memory, executive
function and global cognition: that is, cannabis use is associated with a better performance
in patients with a family history of psychosis and a worse performance in those with no family
history of psychosis. In order to confirm this hypothesis, future research should explore
the actual expression of the endocannabinoid system in patients with and without a family
history of psychosis., The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref. ISCIII 2009-2011:PI 080208), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-European Fund for Regional Development (PI10/01430, PI10/01746, PI11/01977, PI11/02708, 2011/1064, PI12/02077, PI13/02252, PI13/00451 and PI14/01900, PI11/02831), the Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), the Health Department of the Government of Navarre (11/101 and 87/2014), the Government of Catalonia, Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement (2014SGR441), the Contract FI-DGR-2013 from the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR (2015 FI_B2 00100 to GM), the Esther Koplowitz Centre (Barcelona), local grants from the Department of Education, Linguistic Policy and Culture of the Basque Country Government, the Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Madrid Regional Government (S2010/BMD-2422 AGES), European Union Structural Funds and European Union Seventh Framework Program under grant agreements FP7-HEALTH-2009-2.2.1-2-241909 (Project EU-GEI), FP7-HEALTH-2009-2.2.1-3-242114 (Project OPTiMISE), FP7- HEALTH-2013-2.2.1-2-603196 (Project PSYSCAN) and FP7-HEALTH-2013-2.2.1-2-602478 (Project METSY); Alicia Koplowitz Foundation, Mutua Madrileña Foundation and the University of the Basque Country (GIC10/80, GIC12/84). The psychiatric research department at Araba University Hospital is supported by the Stanley Research Foundation (03-RC-003).