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The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in three different formats (NetCDF, binary raster, and plain text)., Format: netcdf The netcdf archive is composed of 96 zipped files containing the spei dataset from 1901 to 2006 at 1 to 48 months time scales, separated for the East hemisphere (i.e. Europa, Africa, Asia and Australia) and the West hemisphere (the Americas). Each zipped file contains one single netCDF file (.nc), i.e. no header files are necessary because all necessary meta-data are self-contained in the .nc file. Naming convention spei_[tempscale]_[hemisphere].zip, where [tempscale] is a number between 1 and 48 indicating the temporal scale of the index (months), and [hemisphere] indicates the fraction of the World covered and can have values eh (East hemisphere) or wh (West hemisphere). Example: spei_12_eh.zip, The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types., A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html, Peer reviewed

The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in three different formats (NetCDF, binary raster, and plain text)., Format: raw binary. The raw binary archive is composed of 576 zipped files, corresponding to the SPEI index at time scales between 1 and 48 months for the whole World and divided by decades (except the last file, containing only data for the period 2001-2006). Each zipped file contains three files, one with the data itselt (.img), and two headers (.doc and .hdr). The information contained in the header files is equivalent, and allows direct access to the data using some widely used commercial programs. Naming convention: spei[tempscale]_[decade].zip, where [tempscale] is a number between 1 and 48 indicating the temporal scale of the index (months), and [decade] indicates the years of data contained in the file. Example: spei12_1910-1919.zip. All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types. A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html, The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types., A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html

The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in three different formats (NetCDF, binary raster, and plain text)., Format: The plain text archive is composed of 576 zipped files, corresponding to the SPEI index at time scales between 1 and 48 months for the whole World and divided by decades (except the last file, containing only data for the period 2001-2006). Each zipped file contains one plain text file (.csv). Data on those files are separated by commas, ′,'. Naming convention: spei[tempscale]_[decade].zip, where [tempscale] is a number between 1 and 48 indicating the temporal scale of the index (months), and [decade] indicates the years of data contained in the file. Example: spei12_1910-1919.zip. Data are stored as plain text separated by commas, ','. Each file contains the following columns: GRAPH_ID (cell identification), X (longitude coordinate), Y (latitude coordinate), mmmaaaa (the monthly SPEI values, e.g. Jan1910)., The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types., A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html

The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike., Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., The Global SPEI database, SPEIbase, offers long-time, robust information on the drought conditions at the global scale, with a 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly time resolution. It has a multi-scale character, providing SPEI time-scales between 1 and 48 months. The Standardized Precipitatin-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) expresses, as a standardized variate (mean zero and unit variance), the deviations of the current climatic balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration potential) with respect to the long-term balance. The reference period for the calculation, in the SPEIbase, corresponds to the whole study period. Being a standardized variate means that the SPEI condition can be compared across space and time. Calculation of the evapotranspiration potential in SPEIbase is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. Data type: float; units: z-values (standard deviations). No land pixels are assigned a value of 1.0x10^30. In some rare cases it was not possible to achieve a good fit to the log-logistic distribution, resulting in a NAN (not a number) value in the database. Dimensions of the dataset: lon = 720; lat = 360; time = 1356. Resolution of the dataset: lon = 0.5º; lat = 0.5º; time = 1 month. Created in R using the SPEI package (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SPEI)., Global gridded dataset of the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at time scales between 1 and 48 months. Spatial resolution of 0.5º lat/lon. Temporal coverage between January 1901 and December 2009. This is an update of a previous version of SPEIbase (http://hdl.handle.net/10261/22449). What’s new in version 2.0: 1) Data has been extended to the period 1901-2009 (it was 1901-2006 in v 1.0). 2) The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith's method has been used for computing PET instead of Thornthwaite. 3) Unbiased probability weighted moments (ub-pwm) method has been used for fitting the log-Logistic distribution, instead of the sub-optimal plotting-position pwm method used in version 1.0. 4) The whole world is put in one single netCDF file. For more details on the SPEI visit http://www.eead.csic.es/spei.

The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike., Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., The Global SPEI database, SPEIbase, offers long-time, robust information on the drought conditions at the global scale, with a 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly time resolution. It has a multi-scale character, providing SPEI time-scales between 1 and 48 months. The Standardized Precipitatin-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) expresses, as a standardized variate (mean zero and unit variance), the deviations of the current climatic balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration potential) with respect to the long-term balance. The reference period for the calculation, in the SPEIbase, corresponds to the whole study period. Being a standardized variate means that the SPEI condition can be compared across space and time. Calculation of the evapotranspiration potential in SPEIbase is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. Data type: float; units: z-values (standard deviations). No land pixels are assigned a value of 1.0x10^30. In some rare cases it was not possible to achieve a good fit to the log-logistic distribution, resulting in a NAN (not a number) value in the database. Dimensions of the dataset: lon = 720; lat = 360; time = 1356. Resolution of the dataset: lon = 0.5º; lat = 0.5º; time = 1 month. Created in R using the SPEI package (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SPEI)., Global gridded dataset of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at time scales between 1 and 48 months. Spatial resolution of 0.5º lat/lon. Temporal coverage between January 1901 and December 2011. This is an update of a previous version of SPEIbase v2 (http://hdl.handle.net/10261/48169). What’s new in version 2.2: 1) Data has been extended to the period 1901-2011 (it was 1901-2009 in v 2.0). 2) The FAO grass reference evapotranspiration from the CRU TS3.2 dataset has been used as PET input for the SPEI (http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/browse/badc/cru/data/cru_ts_3.20). Precipitation is also obtained from the same CRU TS3.2 dataset. 3) Unbiased probability weighted moments (ub-pwm) method has been used for fitting the log-Logistic distribution, instead of the sub-optimal plotting-position pwm method used in version 1.0. For more details on the SPEI visit http://sac.csic.es/spei.

The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike., The Global SPEI database, SPEIbase, offers long-time, robust information on the drought conditions at the global scale, with a 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly time resolution. It has a multi-scale character, providing SPEI time-scales between 1 and 48 months. The Standardized Precipitatin-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) expresses, as a standardized variate (mean zero and unit variance), the deviations of the current climatic balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration potential) with respect to the long-term balance. The reference period for the calculation, in the SPEIbase, corresponds to the whole study period. Being a standardized variate means that the SPEI condition can be compared across space and time. Calculation of the evapotranspiration potential in SPEIbase is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. Data type: float; units: z-values (standard deviations). No land pixels are assigned a value of 1.0x10^30. In some rare cases it was not possible to achieve a good fit to the log-logistic distribution, resulting in a NAN (not a number) value in the database. Dimensions of the dataset: lon = 720; lat = 360; time = 1356. Resolution of the dataset: lon = 0.5º; lat = 0.5º; time = 1 month. Created in R using the SPEI package (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SPEI)., Global gridded dataset of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at time scales between 1 and 48 months.-- Spatial resolution of 0.5º lat/lon.-- This is an update of the SPEIbase v2.2 (http://hdl.handle.net/10261/72264).-- What’s new in version 2.3: 1) Data has been extended to the period 1901-2013 (it was 1901-2011 in v 2.0), based on the CRU TS3.22 dataset.-- For more details on the SPEI visit http://sac.csic.es/spei., No

The item is made of 2 files, of which 1 is the dataset and the other include a small description of the measured variables.-- Dataset contributed to the Project Carbochange, This dataset gathers discrete measurements of CO2 (pH and alkalinity) and hydrographic variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) obtained during the cruise CAIBOX 2009 carried out from 25 July to 13 August 2009. pH was measured spectrophotometrically following the Clayton and Byrne (1993). This method consists on adding a dye solution to the seawater sample, so that the ratio between two absorbances at two different wavelengths is proportional to the sample pH. Alkalinity was measured using an automatic potentiometric titrator Titrando 809 Metrohm, with a Metrohm 6.0232.100 combination glass electrode and a Pt-1000 probe for temperature measurement following the methodology given by Pérez and Fraga (1987). Dissolved oxygen was analyzed following the widely applied Winkler method. Determinations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate were carried out following methods described by Hansen and Grassoff (1983) Salinity and Temperature were recorded with a CTD probe, Spanish Project CAIBEX supported by Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia (CTM2007–66408–C02–01/MAR), CARBOOCEAN (511176GOCE), No

The item is made of 2 files, of which 1 is the dataset and the other include a small description of the measured variables.-- Aida F. Ríos ... et al.-- Dataset contributed to the Project Carbochange, This dataset gathers discrete measurements of CO2 (pH and alkalinity) and hydrographic variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) obtained during the cruise CATARINA carried out along the OVIDE section from 23 June to 20 July 2012. pH was measured spectrophotometrically following the Clayton and Byrne (1993). This method consists on adding a dye solution to the seawater sample, so that the ratio between two absorbances at two different wavelengths is proportional to the sample pH. Alkalinity was measured using an automatic potentiometric titrator Titrando 809 Metrohm, with a Metrohm 6.0232.100 combination glass electrode and a Pt-1000 probe for temperature measurement following the methodology given by Pérez and Fraga (1987). Dissolved oxygen was analyzed following the widely applied Winkler method. Determinations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate were carried out following methods described by Hansen and Grassoff (1983) Salinity and Temperature were recorded with a CTD probe, CATARINA (CTM2010-17141), CARBOCHANGE, No

The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. The Global SPEI database, SPEIbase, offers long-time, robust information on the drought conditions at the global scale, with a 0.5 degrees spatial resolution and a monthly time resolution. It has a multi-scale character, providing SPEI time-scales between 1 and 48 months. The Standardized Precipitatin-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) expresses, as a standardized variate (mean zero and unit variance), the deviations of the current climatic balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration potential) with respect to the long-term balance. The reference period for the calculation, in the SPEIbase, corresponds to the whole study period. Being a standardized variate means that the SPEI condition can be compared across space and time. Calculation of the evapotranspiration potential in SPEIbase is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. Data type: float; units: z-values (standard deviations). No land pixels are assigned a value of 1.0x10^30. In some rare cases it was not possible to achieve a good fit to the log-logistic distribution, resulting in a NAN (not a number) value in the database. Dimensions of the dataset: lon = 720; lat = 360; time = 1356. Resolution of the dataset: lon = 0.5º; lat = 0.5º; time = 1 month. Created in R using the SPEI package (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SPEI)., Global gridded dataset of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at time scales between 1 and 48 months.-- Spatial resolution of 0.5º lat/lon.-- This is an update of the SPEIbase v2.3 (http://hdl.handle.net/10261/104742).-- What’s new in version 2.4: 1) Data has been extended to the period 1901-2014 (it was 1901-2013 in v 2.3), based on the CRU TS3.23 dataset.-- For more details on the SPEI visit http://sac.csic.es/spei., Peer reviewed

The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). There are 6 files in NetCDF format: 3 with precipitation estimations (pcp_) and 3 with standard errors (err_) of each estimation. Each of 3 files represent peninsular Spain (pen_), Balearic islands (bal_) and Canary islands (can_)., Spanish PREcipitation At Daily scale (SPREAD) is a new daily gridded precipitation dataset for Spain. It covers the whole territory of peninsular Spain and Balearic and Canary Islands at a 5x5 kilometre spatial resolution. Daily precipitation was estimated for each point of the grid from 1950-01-01 to 2012-12-31 in peninsular Spain and from 1971-01-01 to 2012-12-31 in the Balearic and Canary Islands. The grid was built using a previously reconstructed station-based dataset using reddPrec package (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/reddPrec). The observed precipitation information comprised 12,858 stations provided by Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET); Ministry of Agriculture and Environment (MAGRAMA); Meteorologic Service of Catalonia (METEOCAT); Navarra Government and several hydrological confederations., This study was supported by research projects CGL2015-69985-R and CGL2014-52135-C3-1-R, funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER-ERDF funds. The researchers were supported by the Government of Aragón through the ‘Programme of research groups’ (groups ‘H38, Clima, Cambio Global y Sistemas Naturales’ and ‘E68, Geomorfología y Cambio Global’)., No