Resultados de investigación

The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in three different formats (NetCDF, binary raster, and plain text)., Format: raw binary. The raw binary archive is composed of 576 zipped files, corresponding to the SPEI index at time scales between 1 and 48 months for the whole World and divided by decades (except the last file, containing only data for the period 2001-2006). Each zipped file contains three files, one with the data itselt (.img), and two headers (.doc and .hdr). The information contained in the header files is equivalent, and allows direct access to the data using some widely used commercial programs. Naming convention: spei[tempscale]_[decade].zip, where [tempscale] is a number between 1 and 48 indicating the temporal scale of the index (months), and [decade] indicates the years of data contained in the file. Example: spei12_1910-1919.zip. All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types. A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html, The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types., A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html

The dataset is freely available on the web repository of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in three different formats (NetCDF, binary raster, and plain text)., Format: The plain text archive is composed of 576 zipped files, corresponding to the SPEI index at time scales between 1 and 48 months for the whole World and divided by decades (except the last file, containing only data for the period 2001-2006). Each zipped file contains one plain text file (.csv). Data on those files are separated by commas, ′,'. Naming convention: spei[tempscale]_[decade].zip, where [tempscale] is a number between 1 and 48 indicating the temporal scale of the index (months), and [decade] indicates the years of data contained in the file. Example: spei12_1910-1919.zip. Data are stored as plain text separated by commas, ','. Each file contains the following columns: GRAPH_ID (cell identification), X (longitude coordinate), Y (latitude coordinate), mmmaaaa (the monthly SPEI values, e.g. Jan1910)., The Global 0.5° gridded SPEI dataset is made available under the Open Database License. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike. Use of the newest version is recommended. Older versions are still available to allow replicability., All currently available gridded drought datasets at continental and global scales are based on either the PDSI or the sc-PDSI. A new global drought dataset based on the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) has been developed, which covers time scales from 1-48 months at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, and provides temporal coverage for the period 1901-2006. This dataset represents an improvement in spatial resolution and operative capability of previous gridded drought datasets based on the PDSI, and enables identification of various drought types., A monthly global dataset of a multiscalar drought index is presented and compared in terms of spatial and temporal variability with the existing continental and global drought datasets based on the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI, scPDSI). The new dataset is based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The index was obtained from the CRU TS3.0 data, covering time scales from 1 to 48 months for the period 1901-2006, and has a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The advantages of the new dataset are that: i) it improves the spatial resolution of the unique global drought dataset at a global scale; ii) it is spatially and temporally comparable to other datasets, given the probabilistic nature of the SPEI, and, in particular; iii) it enables identification of various drought types, given the multiscalar character of the SPEI. More details at: http://www.eead.csic.es/spei/spei.html

The collected data are stored into a Microsoft Access® database that has been designed to be physically integrated into a GIS system. The main structure of this initial database is built around the main table, named ‘AGENTS’, in which all biographic data related to the individual agents are entered taking into account the various ‘worlds’ each agent belongs to – social, economic etc. An individual study and classification has been carried out for each agent; then an attempt has been made to understand the collectivity as the sum total of all these individuals since all of these are related, as can be observed in the database. In relation to the agents, what is new about this initial database is that the investigation is not limited to agents who are merchants by profession. Instead, any relevant data has been collected related to any agent that takes part in cooperation: representatives, corsairs and pirates, capitalist partners, agents, consignees, etc. All of the latter are agents taking part in cooperation and are part of a global network of trade, smuggling, looting or any other type of cooperation or commercial operation. Format: It is a Database in Access® with 30 tables. It contains several queries about actions, agents, cooperation, fleets and ships. All data have identifiers that relate tables. It has 21 full forms that give information on cooperation among agents while identifying partners. Lists with goods and ships are included. A table named ‘COOPERATIONS’ is also defined, in which all forms of commercial relationships – business, Company, Society, etc. -are represented which take place between agents. This again is new as the study is not limited to a specific type of commercial operation but has been extended to all types of goods transactions in which two or more agents are involved, be it legal or illegal, be the goods slaves or metals. The objective is to identify all types of commercial networks. In fact, as agents we have people, Societies, Companies, Institutions, etc. There is also a table named ‘ACTIONS’ where all activities or actions are entered, such as money lending, job commissioning, etc., that occurred within cooperation and were quoted by the sourced used. This table is related to another, very important one – ‘SHIPS’. Many of the remaining tables in the initial Access® database store typologies - places, professions, etc. Having chosen the previously described tables as primary (Agents, Cooperation, Actions and Ships) allows us to analyze the various commercial, professional and interpersonal relationships between the various agents, laying the emphasis on their geographic location, chronologic moment and degree of kinship; in short, the cooperation networks they built. (e.g. the importance of Nicholas Magens as a merchant, or that of the Roo or the Amsick families, whose range of action could spread from Alicante to Elche in Spain or from Cadiz to Manila via Mexico. A Spanish-English glossary is attached to facilitate the understanding of the terminology on the data set. Publications: Crespo Solana, Ana y Owens, Jack J. B. “Dynamic Complexity of Cooperation-Based Self-Organising Networks in the First Global Age (DynCoopNet)” The Evolution of Cooperation and Trading”, By Ronald Noë, Rüdiger Klein, Julia Boman, Claire Rustat-Flinton, eds., Strasbourg, European Science Foundation, 2008, pp. 23-35. http://www.esf.org/activities/eurocores/programmes/tect.html Alonso García, David & Crespo Solana, Ana (coords.) Self-Organising Networks and Trading Cooperation: GIS tools in the visualization of the Atlantic Economic Expansion (1400-1800), 2011 (forthcoming). Contents License: This data set is made available under the Open Database License http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1.0/. Users of the dataset are free to share, create and adapt under the conditions of attribution and share-alike., This database contains information on Atlantic trade with data on agents, commercial activities, maritime routes, freights, ships, monopolistic commercial companies, businesses, goods, and, above all, events, actions and relationships of cooperation among trade networks. These data fall within the chronological framework between 1648 and 1778 and a wide geographic expanse with place names and cartographic data from Africa, Europe and America during the First Global Age – 16th-18th centuries. This database has been adapted to a GIS-oriented conceptual model (GIS – Geographic Information System). The right choice of sources for the immense amount of information collected by the database has been crucial. As we were conscious that not all the information from the sources could be gathered, especially from archival sources, only the information that is relevant to this investigation has been selected – here quantity does not necessarily mean quality. Information has been harvested from a great variety of sources, whether bibliographic and archival. The common ground of all this information is that it refers to commercial agents and their activities along the maritime routes that were linked to the European Atlantic System during the above mentioned chronological period. The information contained is on legal trade, commercial monopolies, smuggling, illicit trade, trade undertaken by European commercial companies operating under on behalf of merchant nations such as Holland, France or England, and, above all, information on the shipping carried out within the Spanish commercial system with America or Indies Trade, i.e. registers of the outbound and inbound fleets, passenger lists bound for the Indies, traders’ licences, dictionaries on seafaring and shipping, etc. In order to select the sources to be used, advice was sought from specialists in this field. Also the NACOM bibliographic catalogue was consulted. This catalogue consists of a bibliographical list on merchant communities in the Modern Age and is regularly updated. It has been compiled as part of the project MICINN (2006-HUM-01679) under the Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigación programme. The criterion for the selection of sources was, firstly, that they contain information on relationships between merchant networks and communities, and secondly, that the data contained was either biographical or professional of the agents that were part of those communities or were otherwise related to them. A part of information has been sourced on other databases available on the internet., This data set has been elaborated within the project: Dynamic Complexity of Cooperation-Based Self-Organizing Commercial Networks in the First Global Age (Acrónim: DynCoopNet). Funding by EUROCORES Programme, European Science Foundation TECT call: “The Evolution of Cooperation and Trading”, and by the MICINN (Acciones Complementarias: SEJ2007-29226)., Peer reviewed

Peer Reviewed

The study area covers an area of 36 km2 and included approximately 5000 mixed (Vibroseis and explosives) source points recorded with a 25 m inline source and receiver spacing., The Basque–Cantabrian Basin of the northern Iberia Peninsula constitutes a unique example of a major deformation system, featuring a dome structure developed by extensional tectonics followed by compressional reactivation. The occurrence of natural resources in the area and the possibility of establishing a geological storage site for carbon dioxide motivated the acquisition of a 3-D seismic reflection survey in 2010, centered on the Jurassic Hontomín dome. The objectives of this survey were to obtain a geological model of the overall structure and to establish a baseline model for a possible geological CO2 storage site., Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade through the CIUDEN and ICTJA agreement.--European Union through the Technology Demonstration Plant of Compostilla.--Spanish Ministry of Education Science.--Generalitat de Catalunya.--, Peer reviewed

A high-resolution controlled-source wide-angle reflection seismic experiment was carried out in Morocco in spring 2010. The energy released by six explosions was recorded by 939 Reftek 125a stations (Texans) from the IRIS instrument pool. The location of the shots had an average spacing of 70 km between them. The charge (approximately 1 TM) was distributed in 2–4 boreholes per shot point at depths of 30–60 m., The crustal structure and topography of the Moho boundary beneath the Atlas Mountains of Morocco has been constrained by a controlled source, wide-angle seismic reflection transect: the SIMA experiment (Seismic Imaging of the Moroccan Atlas). It is a high resolution seismic profile acquired from the Sahara craton across the High and the Middle Atlas and the Rif Mountains., Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, CGL2007–63889, CGL2006–00041; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, CGL2010–15416; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional de Investigación científica, desarrollo e innovación tecnológica, CGL2009–09727; Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), CGL2008–03474-E; European Science Foundation Eurocores, 07-TOPO_EUROPE_FP-006; United States National Science Foundation (NSF), EAR-0808939, No

COUPLING Cruise (29HE20100102) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2010, Physical-biological coupling at the mesoscale range around south Shetland islands (Antarctica) coupling

ESSASI-10 Cruise (29HE20100125) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2010, Synoptic Antarctic Shelf‐Slope Interaction study (SASSI). Two moorings were deployed over the continental slope in February 2009 by the Argentinian RV Puerto Deseado (ACROSS cruise), and recovered 1 year later, in January 2010, by the Spanish RV Hesperides (ESASSI‐10 cruise)

MOC-TRANSIT Cruise (29HE20100315) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2010, MOC "Oceanic Memory of the Climate: Intermediate water flow and its transformation into surface waters in the Equatorial Atlantic"

MOC2EQ Cruise (29HE20100402) carried out on the Research Vessel Hespérides in 2010, MOC "Oceanic Memory of the Climate: Intermediate water flow and its transformation into surface waters in the Equatorial Atlantic ". Discrete measurements of CO2 (pH and alkalinity) and hydrographic variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) obtained during the cruise MOC2EQ carried out from 5 April to 16 May 2010