Resultados de investigación

Experimental details, TGA, XRD, FTIR, particle size, TEM, FFT characterizations., Peer reviewed

A total of 171 triplets (sire/dam/offspring) were collected from seven Spanish beef cattle populations (Asturiana de los Valles, n=25; Avileña-Negra Ibérica; Bruna dels Pirineus, n=25; Morucha, n=25; Pirenaica, n=24; Retinta, n=24; Rubia Gallega, n=24). The parents were chosen by minimizing the genealogical coancestry among them with the aim of capturing the existing variability within the populations. Individuals were genotyped using the BovineHD 777K BeadChip (Illumina Inc., USA), The SNPs present in the data file belonged to the autosomal chromosomes and those that were in repeated positions were excluded. Additional requirements were Mendelian error rates below 0.05 and call rates over 95% for both, individuals and SNPs. The quality control was made using the PLINK 1.0.7 software. Phasing was performed with BEAGLE with the "trio" option., Peer reviewed

Experimental details, control experiments, and additional microscopy images, including Figures S1–S22 and Tables S1–S3., Peer reviewed

Supplementary information: Supplementary Tables 1-2, Figures 1-4 and References., Supplementary Dataset 1: Sequence of the seven cloned fragments and the fragment used for in vitro polymerization., Supplementary Dataset 2: List of mutations obtained by Duplex Sequencing in the three replicon lines, mapped to annotated H77 reference sequence including sequencing coverage, patient sequence diversity, and SHAPE data., Peer reviewed

Anisotropic peak broadening (including Figures S1 and S2); figures corresponding to the XRPD patterns of the SG and SS precursors calcined at 1100 °C with increasing time (Figures S3 and S4, respectively); figures corresponding to the XRPD patterns of the SG and SS precursors calcined at increasing temperatures for 48 h (Figures S5 and S6, respectively), Pure A-La2Si2O7 powder has been synthesized through a spray pyrolysis method followed by calcination at 1100 °C for 15 h. The crystallographic structure, refined from the synchrotron powder diffraction pattern of the sample, showed tetragonal symmetry with space group P41, a = 6.83565(1) Å, and c = 24.84133(1) Å. The 29Si and 139La NMR spectra have been described here for the first time in the literature and could be simulated with four Si and four La resonances, respectively, in good agreement with the presence of four Si and four La crystallographic sites in the unit cell. The same synthesis method was successful for the synthesis of Eu3+-doped A-La2Si2O7 (%Eu = 3– 40). The analysis of the unit cell volumes indicated that Eu3+ replaces La3+ in the unit cell for all Eu3+ substitution levels investigated. However, anomalous diffraction data indicated that the La/Eu substitution mechanism was not homogeneous, but Eu much prefers to occupy the RE3 sites. The Eu-doped A-La2Si2O7 phosphors thus synthesized exhibited a strong orange-red luminescence after excitation at 393 nm. Lifetime measurements indicated that the optimum phosphor was that with an Eu3+ content of 20%, which showed a lifetime of 2.3 ms. The quantum yield of the latter was found to be 12% at 393 nm excitation. These experimental observations together with the high purity of the phase obtained by the proposed spray pyrolysis method make this material an excellent phosphor for optoelectronic applications., A.J.F.-C. gratefully acknowledges an F.P.D.I. grant from Junta de Andalucía and J.G.-S. an F.P.I. grant from MICINN. Supported by DGICYT (Project No. CTQ2010-14874/BQU), MEC (Project. MAT2012-34919), and Junta de Andalucía (JA FQM 06090). Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357., Peer reviewed

The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) has been proposed to play a role in selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy. CL externalization to the outer mitochondrial membrane would act as a signal for the human Atg8 ortholog subfamily, MAP1LC3 (LC3). The latter would mediate both mitochondrial recognition and autophagosome formation, ultimately leading to removal of damaged mitochondria. We have applied quantitative biophysical techniques to the study of CL interaction with various Atg8 human orthologs, namely LC3B, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP. We have found that LC3B interacts preferentially with CL over other di-anionic lipids, that CL-LC3B binding occurs with positive cooperativity, and that the CL-LC3B interaction relies only partially on electrostatic forces. CL-induced increased membrane fluidity appears also as an important factor helping LC3B to bind CL. The LC3B C terminus remains exposed to the hydrophilic environment after protein binding to CL-enriched membranes. In intact U87MG human glioblastoma cells rotenone-induced autophagy leads to LC3B translocation to mitochondria and subsequent delivery of mitochondria to lysosomes. We have also observed that GABARAP, but not GABARAPL2, interacts with CL in vitro. However neither GABARAP nor GABARAPL2 were translocated to mitochondria in rotenone-treated U87MG cells. Thus the various human Atg8 orthologs might play specific roles in different autophagic processes., Peer reviewed

The GB virus C or hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) is a single-stranded positive sense RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. Recent years have seen the publication of numerous works in which coinfection with GBV-C/HGV and HIV has been associated with slower progression of the illness and a higher survival rate of patients once AIDS has developed. The mechanism by which the GBV-C/HGV virus has a “protective effect” in patients with HIV has still not been defined. Study of the interaction of the GBV-C/HGV and HIV viruses could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of AIDS. Given that the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effect exercised by the GBV-C/HGV virus in the course of HIV infection has not been defined, the present work is intended as a study of the structure and interactions between the fusion peptide of HIV-1, gp41(1−23), and synthetic peptide sequences of the E2 envelope protein of GBV-C/HGV using biophysical techniques. Our results highlight that the E2(269−286) sequence interacts with the target fusion peptide of HIV-1 and modifies its conformation., Peer reviewed

Datos de investigación generados por José Ignacio Andrés Ucendo (Universidad del País Vasco) y Ramón Lanza García (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) y utilizados en la elaboración del artículo "Prices and real wages in seventeeth-century in Madrid" que se ha publicado en la revista Economic Historic Review 67.3 (2014): 607-626

El objetivo de este informe es establecer un listado de las revistas más valoradas en los diferentes sistemas de evaluación de calidad, nacionales e internacionales. Se trata de comparar los grupos de revistas que obtienen las máximas puntuaciones en cada uno de ellos para establecer los títulos coincidentes. Aunque el resultado puede dejar fuera revistas importantes consideradas individualmente, el consenso refuerza la valoración positiva del grupo resultante. Este sistema entraña no obstante algunas dificultades, por lo que hay que tomarlo sólo como un análisis aproximativo que puede ayudar al investigador tanto a la hora de publicar como en el momento de la valoración en los diferentes procesos oficiales de acreditación y evaluación.

During the second German Mission of Spacelab (1993, Spacelab D-2) an experiment on the mechanical stability of liquid columns was performed. A liquid column is a liquid mass held between to solid (circular) supports. A 30 mm in diameter and 90 mm long liquid drop was stablished in the Advanced Fluid Physics Module (AFPM) and was subjected to different mechanical stimuli (rotation of the supports, oscillation of one of the supports, change in volume and in length) to check whether the resulting drop was stable or not. Results were obtained in terms of images and recorded in a video sequence. Telemetry of the different stimuli and parameter values was also recorded. Objetive: The aim of this experiment was to measure the outer shape deformation of long liquid bridges near their stability limit under microgravity, caused by g-jitters and by some controlled mechanical disturbances (change of geometry, change of volume, rotation and vibration). The liquid used was a silicone-oil 10 times more viscous than water (5 times for the last run). The working length of the liquid column was 85 mm. The two solid supports are made of aluminium, of 30 mm in diameter, with a sharp cutback (30 deg. edge) to prevent liquid spreading over the edges. This choice of geometry allows a direct comparison with other TEXUS experiments where two discs of 30 mm in diameter and 86 mm apart were used to hold a cylindrical liquid column (35 mm discs were used in SL-D1 and 40 mm discs on SL-1). A top priority was to verify the results of a previous experiment performed on SL-D1, and because an equivalent Bond number Bo=0.007 was deduced from this experiment and there was no reason to expect a different behaviour, it was planned, in a second run to make use of unequal discs of 30 mm and 28 mm in a second run to precisely counterbalance the expected deformation and better quantify this effect. Procedures: The actual procedures executed were: -- Run 1: background sensing, disc oscillation at 0.40 Hz, 0.41 Hz, 0.42 Hz and again 0.42 Hz. -- Run 2: background sensing and disc separation until breakage of the column. -- Run 3: background sensing. Results: An example of free oscillations of a liquid column (diameter 30 mm, length 85 mm, volume 60 cc), due to g-jitter, is shown in Video1, recorded during the background sensing phase of Run 2. Video2 shows the breakage of the same column caused by disc separation at constant volume. This experiment enabled to accurately measure the response of the 85 mm-long cylindrical liquid column to a forced axial vibration of one of the supporting discs, and found that it is in very good agreement with theory, and complements other measurements performed in the same flight but with shorter columns by D. Langbein. An achievement is the high accuracy reached in automatic image analysis, of the order of 30 microns in object size (0.1 pixels in the 512*512 image), which represents a great improvement in comparison to the manually digitised hard-prints of previous flights. The more puzzling question left after the experiment is the lack of reproducibility of the steady averaged deformation measurement, perhaps because it is not a characteristic of the configuration and may be dependent on details of hardware (e.g. materials used, rounding of wetted corners) that escape control of the experimenter and are different for each campaign. As usual, more experiments are needed to elucidate the unexpected results of this one, but a clear progress in the overall experiment planning is evident.