Resultados de investigación

Fitted Fe 2p3/2 and 3p XPS spectra of samples Fe-MNP, Mn-MNP, and Ni-MNP, including the respective tables with main parameters obtained from the XPS analyses; UV–visible spectrophotometry results; concentration of the free radicals of the different samples as a function of the reaction time measured by EPR; concentration of free radicals as a function of time reaction measured by EPR for sample Fe-MNP at different temperatures (25 and 40 °C) and pHs (4.8 and 7.0); and time dependence of [•OH] and [•OOH] for samples Fe-MNP, Mn-MNP, and Ni-MNP in acetate buffer (pH 4.8) containing 0.1 M of phosphate and 1,10-phenanthroline., Peer reviewed

Calculation of heating time in the microflow reactor, comparison of the XRD spectra, and particle size distribution obtained through the semibatch operation., Peer reviewed

Table S1: Parameters modified in order to optimize the synthesis conditions to obtain highly homogeneous and monodisperse particle size distributions. Figure S1: Fluorescein release after immersion in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. Figure S2: Morphology of Escherichia coli S17 and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Figure S3: Thermogravimetric analysis data showing weight loss of the enteric polymers and bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus). Figure S4: Free bacteria viability test results showing bacterial cell counts of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus after immersing them in simulated gastric and/or intestinal fluids for 2 h and 24 h, respectively. Figure S5: Bacteria viability test results of the long-term stability study of lyophilized Eudraguard and Eudragit-coated bacteria after different times showing bacterial cell counts of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus after immersing them in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids., Peer reviewed

-Further details of experimental methods and DFT calculations (PDF). -Cartesian coordinates of the calculated structures (XYZ)., Peer reviewed

Álvarez Cobelas, Miguel. Methodology of Las Madres lake study. https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/16357 . http://hdl.handle.net/10261/360220, This dataset encompasses field data on freshwater sites sampled for environmental data and algae in Madrid County in 2019, May., Madrid Field Data (2019, May).txt, Peer reviewed

Álvarez Cobelas, Miguel. Methodology of Las Madres lake study. https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/16357 . http://hdl.handle.net/10261/360220, This dataset encompasses nutrient data on freshwater sites sampled for environmental data and algae in Madrid County gathered in May, 2019., Madrid Nutrient Data (2019, May).txt, Peer reviewed

This dataset encompasses data on freshwater sites sampled for environmental data and algae in Madrid County in 2019, May., Madrid Sampling Sites (2019, May).txt, Peer reviewed

Gel thickness, TGA, PXRD, SEM, AFM, rheology, and NMR spectra and data analysis, This research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Food Innovation and Health BB/ R012512/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10343 and BBS/E/F/000PR10346. T.K. would like to thank the support of a Quadram Institute Bioscience sponsored PhD scholarship. V.G. would like to acknowledge the support of BBSRC Norwich Research Park Bioscience Doctoral Training Grant (BB/M011216/1), Peer reviewed

Hermoso et al: Distribution of key species in Natura 2000, used in this study, Despite advances in conservation efforts within Europe during recent decades, assessments highlight a need for adequate financing mechanisms to support the Natura 2000 network; the centrepiece of the EU´s Biodiversity Strategy. Besides the need for greater investment (currently only covering a fifth of the estimated cost of the network), better planning for this investment could help better achieve conservation goals. 2. We demonstrate a method that could be used to identify priority Natura 2000 sites, and species therein, that could guide investment in the future. We first used the lists of key species associated with each Natura 2000 site to map the distribution of all priority species covered by the Birds and Habitats Directives. We then used Marxan software to prioritise allocation of conservation funds among all Natura 2000 sites, while trying to mimic the observed conservation effort implemented under the LIFE Program, the main financial tool of the EU´s Biodiversity Strategy, in the period 1992-2013. 3. Some Natura 2000 sites show exceptional value, holding species that either do not, or only very rarely, occur elsewhere in the network. These priority sites were concentrated mainly on islands and in the south western, eastern and northern extremes of Europe´s mainland thus reflecting patterns in species richness and endemism. 4. We found a poor relationship between the priorities identified here and the way funds had been distributed in previous LIFE-Nature Programs. 5. Policy implications. We propose that prioritisation exercises like the one shown here could be used to inform a top-down EU regulation mechanism by providing lists of site and species priorities that better reflect European conservation needs. These recommendations, performed at continental scale, could then help guide LIFE project proposals from the Member States and fill the current gap in the coverage of priority species. This top-down control mechanism could be integrated in the current system of budget distribution, rather than replacing it completely, to enhance the efficiency of conservation investment in the EU and achievement of continental goals., Peer reviewed

Abundance.csv: Abundance of birds and fruits, Fruit_Consumption.csv: Fruit consumption observations events, Seed_Dispersal_Year.csv: Seed deposition by birds in different years, Seed_Dispersal_Pooled.csv: Seed deposition by birds, sampling years pooled., 1. Animal biodiversity matters for the provision of ecosystem functions derived from trophic activity. However, the mechanisms underlying this pattern remain elusive since animal abundance and diversity, which are the components commonly used for representing biodiversity, provide poor information about ecological complementarity in species assemblages. An approach based on species interaction networks may overcome this constraint. 2. Here, we relate frugivore biodiversity and frugivore-plant network structure with landscape-scale seed dispersal function. We sampled, for two years, and at fourteen plots with variable assemblages of frugivores and plants in the Cantabrian Range (N Spain), data on the abundance and diversity of frugivorous birds, the consumption of fleshy fruits of woody plants, and the landscape-scale patterns of avian seed deposition. As a measure of interaction complementarity in seed dispersal networks, we estimated the degree to which frugivore and plant species specialize in their interacting partners. 3. Specialization varied strongly across the seed dispersal networks of the different plots, being higher in networks harboring smaller bird species that dispersed mostly small-fruited plants, and also in networks with late-ripening, dominant fruiting species dispersed mostly by wintering birds. 4. Bird abundance markedly affected seed deposition. Plots harboring more birds received a higher density of dispersed seeds, and showed higher probabilities of seed arrival and seed deposition in open microhabitats. Bird diversity also had a positive effect on the density of dispersed seed and, to a lesser extent, seed arrival probability. Independently of frugivore abundance and diversity, the density of dispersed seeds increased in plots where seed dispersal networks showed a higher degree of specialization. 5. This study considers the structure of interaction networks to re-address the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functionality, evidencing that specialization in frugivore-plant networks drives the large-scale process of seed dispersal. These results encourage the consideration of interaction complementarity as an underlying mechanism linking animal biodiversity and trophic-related functions., Spanish MinECo/FEDER; grants CGL2011-28430 and CGL2015-68963-C2-2-R, Peer reviewed