Resultados de investigación

Data acquisition: Satellite: ESA SMOS mission (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity). Filenames: BEC_CDM___SMOS__DAN_L4____YYYYMMDDT120000_0.05d_1d_EXP_v1.0.nc Documents: EO4SIBS_D6.8_D6.9, BEC ftp service: We serve netCDF data by means of a secure ftp server. NetCDF files from which the maps were made (and other additional data) can be downloaded from sftp address becftp.icm.csic.es at port 27500. If your browser is sftp compatible you can browse directly from sftp://becftp.icm.csic.es:27500 address. In order to download data you should be registered in our BEC ftp service. Registration is free, you can register just by filling the following form: https://bec.icm.csic.es/data-access-ftp/ If you need a dedicated ftp client (for instance FileZilla https://filezilla-project.org/) you should use the following configuration: Host: sftp://becftp.icm.csic.es username: your username password: your password Port: 27500, An Earth Observation Data Exploitation Platform for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS)'. To develop a new generation of algorithms that can ingest the wealth of spatial, temporal and spectral information provided by recent sensors providing high quality reference products for the blue and green ocean. Content: EO4SIBS experimental SMOS Colored Detrital Matter (CDM) L4 for the Danube mouth. Time coverage: 01 January, 2019 – 31 May, 2019; 01 December, 2019 – 31 December, 2019. Time resolution: Daily. Maps frequency generation: Daily. Spatial coverage: Latitude range: 44ºN-45.5ºN Longitude range: 28ºE-30.5ºE. Spatial resolution: 0.05 degrees. Spatial grid: WGS 84 / Regular longitude-latitude. YYYYMMDD: Day of the map. Sensor: Satellite SMOS / MIRAS. Format: NetCDF. Climate and Forecast (CF) conventions version: 1.6., European Space Agency under contract 4000127237/19/I-EF, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Peer reviewed

Gravity data on the Central Pyrenees: a step forward to help a better understanding of the Pyrenean structures http://hdl.handle.net/10261/256413, This database corresponds to the new Bouguer and residual Bouguer anomaly gravity data of the Central Pyrenees calculated from 3588 stations, of which 1140 are new observations acquired from surveys performed between 2018 and 2019. The processing, calculations and interpretations can be found in Gravity data on the Central Pyrenees: a step forward to help a better understanding of the Pyrenean structures (Ayala et al., 2020, DOI … ). Please note that there is a difference of one data from this database respect the number that appears on the paper. This is due to the identification of a duplicated point after the publication of the paper. The duplicated point has been deleted from this database., This database is part of the project CGL2017-84901-C2-2-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and "ERDF A way of making Europe", Peer reviewed

25 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2021 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2020 (Olsen et al., 2020). The major changes are as follows: data from 43 new cruises were added, data coverage was extended until 2020, all data with missing temperatures were removed, and a digital object identifier (DOI) was included for each cruise in the product files. In addition, a number of minor corrections to GLODAPv2.2020 data were performed. GLODAPv2.2021 includes measurements from more than 1.3 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 989 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For this annual update, adjustments for the 43 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 946 quality controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2020 data product using crossover analysis. Comparisons to estimates of nutrients and ocean CO2 chemistry based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions in this version. The adjustments are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent with to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 μmolkg-1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 μmolkg-1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5% in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (fCO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments., The original data, their documentation, and DOI codes are available at the Ocean Carbon Data System of NOAA NCEI (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-data-system/oceans/GLODAPv2_2021/, last access: 7 July 2021). This site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/ttgq-n825 (Lauvset et al., 2021). These bias-adjusted product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data and can be accessed via https://www.glodap.info (last access: 29 June 2021). These were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This living data update documents the GLODAPv2.2021 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results, This research has been supported by EU Horizon 2020 through the EuroSea action (grant no. 862626), internal strategic funding from NORCE Climate, Prociencia/UERJ (grant 2019–2021), IEO RADIALES and RADPROF projects, the UK Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS) NERC National Capability Long-term Single Centre Science Programme(grant no. NE/R015953/1), the BOCATS2 (PID2019-104279GBC21) project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and contributing toWATER:iOS CSIC PTI, the NOAA Global Observations and Monitoring Division (fund reference 100007298), the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of NOAA Global Observations and Monitoring Division (fund reference 100007298), the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of NOAA, the BONUS INTEGRAL project (grant no. 03F0773A), the Australian Antarctic Program Partnership and the Integrated Marine Observing System, EU Horizon 2020 action SO-CHIC (grant no. 821001), and the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association through the project “Digital Earth” (grant no. ZT-0025), Peer reviewed

[EN] This Excel file contains the raw data of the experiment reported in the article “Responses of Barley to High Ambient Temperature Are Modulated by Vernalization”, published in Frontiers in Plant Science, and referenced as Supplementary Table 7. Data are phenological development variables and yield-related variables for eight genotypes of barley grown in growth chambers, under four treatments combining presence/absence of vernalization and normal/high temperatures == [ES] Archivo excel con los datos de un experimento incluido en la publicación Ochagavía et al., en Frontiers in Plant Science. La primera hoja contiene la explicación de los datos, recogidos en la segunda hoja del archivo., Raw data (Supplementary Table 7) of article by Ochagavía et al., published in Frontiers in Plant Science., Funding of this research was provided was provided by project AGL2016-80967-R (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), project PID2019- 111621RB-I00 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación), grants A08_17R and A08_20R (Government of Aragón), and project GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00029 (Economic Development Programs of the Hungarian Ministry of Finance)., Peer reviewed

The present document develops the laboratory protocols to analyse plastic pollution in freshwater environmental samples, although the methods followed can be extrapolated to other ecosystems. These protocols are developed in the framework of the PLASTICØPYR project, which aims to tackle plastic pollution associated with mountain tourism activities by developing transversal actions involving several stakeholders. These guidelines are developed in order to quantify plastic pollution in different river habitats, from large items (macro- and mesoplastics) to tiny plastic particles (microplastics). The protocols are developed for the analysis of microplastics (MicP) up to 63 µm, from samples from the water column, the fluvial sediments, the fluvial biota (i.e., brown trout and biofilm), as well as plastic particles present in the atmosphere (either wet or dry deposition). The MicP analysis is done following the Nile Red method, a fluorescent dye that facilitates the observation of small particles. Although Nile Red cannot provide chemical characterisation, it can be compatible with MicP identification techniques, such as FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The samples procedure includes: the extraction of MicP from the inorganic matrix by density separation (using ZnCl2), a digestion step with hydrogen peroxide and catalysed with Fenton's reagent to eliminate the organic remains and finally, the staining of the sample with Nile Red., Peer reviewed

It is a contribution of the Marine Zooplankton Ecology Group (2017 SGR 87), Proper thermal adaptation is key to understanding how species respond to temperature. However, this is seldom considered in protozooplankton and mixoplankton experiments. In this work, we studied how two heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Gyrodinium dominans and Oxyrrhis marina), one heterotrophic ciliate (Strombidium arenicola), and one mixotrophic dinoflagellate (Karlodinium armiger) responded to warming, comparing strains adapted at 16, 19 and 22 °C and those adapted at 16 °C and exposed for 3 days at 19 and 22 °C (acclimated treatments). Neither CNP contents nor the corresponding elemental ratios showed straightforward changes with temperature, except for a modest increase in P contents with temperature in some grazers. In general, the performance of both acclimated and adapted grazers increased from 16 to 19 °C and then dropped at 22 °C, with a few exceptions. Therefore, our organisms followed the “hotter is better” hypothesis from 16 to 19 °C; above 19 °C, however, the results were variable. Despite the disparity in the responses between species and physiological rates, in general, it seems that 19 °C-adapted organisms performed better than acclimated-only organisms. However, at 22 °C, most species were at the limit of their metabolisms and were unable to fully adapt. Nevertheless, adaptation to higher temperatures conferred some advantages prior to sudden increases in temperature (up to 25 °C) that simulated a heatwave episode. In summary, adaptation to temperature seems to confer a selective advantage to protistan grazers within a narrow range (i.e., ca. 3 °C). Adaptation to much higher temperatures (i.e., 6 °C) does not confer any clear physiological advantage (with few exceptions; e.g., the mixotroph K. armiger), at least within the time frame of our experiments, This research was funded by Grant CTM2017-84288-R by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)/ Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), and by Grant PID2020-118645RB-I00 by Ministerio de Ciencia e innovación (MCIN)/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), Para 4 especies: Volumen (µm3/depredador), Tasa crecimiento (µ 1/d), Tasa de ingestion (cells/ind/d), Eficiencia bruta de crecimiento (GGE, %), Peer reviewed

Software https://treeoflife.kew.org https://github.com/RBGKew/KewTreeOfLife, The tree of life is the fundamental biological roadmap for navigating the evolution and properties of life on Earth, and yet remains largely unknown. Even angiosperms (flowering plants) are fraught with data gaps, despite their critical role in sustaining terrestrial life. Today, high-throughput sequencing promises to significantly deepen our understanding of evolutionary relationships. Here, we describe a comprehensive phylogenomic platform for exploring the angiosperm tree of life, comprising a set of open tools and data based on the 353 nuclear genes targeted by the universal Angiosperms353 sequence capture probes. The primary goals of this paper are to (i) document our methods, (ii) describe our first data release and (iii) present a novel open data portal, the Kew Tree of Life Explorer (https://treeoflife.kew.org). We aim to generate novel target sequence capture data for all genera of flowering plants, exploiting natural history collections such as herbarium specimens, and augment it with mined public data. Our first data release, described here, is the most extensive nuclear phylogenomic dataset for angiosperms to date, comprising 3,099 samples validated by DNA barcode and phylogenetic tests, representing all 64 orders, 404 families (96%) and 2,333 genera (17%). A “first pass” angiosperm tree of life was inferred from the data, which totalled 824,878 sequences, 489,086,049 base pairs, and 532,260 alignment columns, for interactive presentation in the Kew Tree of Life Explorer. This species tree was generated using methods that were rigorous, yet tractable at our scale of operation. Despite limitations pertaining to taxon and gene sampling, gene recovery, models of sequence evolution and paralogy, the tree strongly supports existing taxonomy, while challenging numerous hypothesized relationships among orders and placing many genera for the first time. The validated dataset, species tree and all intermediates are openly accessible via the Kew Tree of Life Explorer and will be updated as further data become available. This major milestone towards a complete tree of life for all flowering plant species opens doors to a highly integrated future for angiosperm phylogenomics through the systematic sequencing of standardised nuclear markers. Our approach has the potential to serve as a much-needed bridge between the growing movement to sequence the genomes of all life on Earth and the vast phylogenomic potential of the world’s natural history collections., Calleva Foundation. Sackler Trust. Garfield Weston Foundation, Peer reviewed

[Methods] Acoustic telemetry.--[Usage Notes] There is one file per species and year of tagging. Each file is an R object. Opening it with R, the estimated centers of activity for each group of fish will be shown; these centers of activity are then used for subsequent analyses. An excel file is also provided containing the biological characteristics of the tagged animals., The effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) depends on the mobility of the populations that are the target of protection, with sedentary species likely to spend more time under protection even within small MPAs. However, little is understood about how individual variation in mobility may influence the risk of crossing an MPA border, as well as the fitness costs associated with being exposed to spillover fisheries. Here we investigated the repeatability of spatial behaviour, its role in determining the probability of being at risk (i.e. exposed to the fishery) and the fitness consequences for the individuals. We acoustically tracked the movements and fate of 282 individuals of three fish species during 8 years in a southern Norwegian fjord. We found that for individuals with a home range centroid inside the MPA, the probability of being at risk outside the MPA increased rapidly with reduced distance from the home range centroid to MPA borders, particularly for individuals having larger and more dispersed home ranges. We also detected that the seasonal expansions of the home range are associated with increased time at risk. Last, we show that individuals spending more time at risk were also more likely to be harvested by the fishery operating outside the MPA. Our study provides clear links between individual fish behaviour, fisheries-induced selection, and the effectiveness of protected areas. These links highlight the importance of intraspecific trait variation for understanding the spatial dynamics of populations and emphasize the need to consider individual behaviour when designing and implementing MPAs., cleanCOAS_ballan2013.rds.-- cleanCOAS_ballan2015.rds.-- cleanCOAS_ballan2016.rds.-- cleanCOAS_ballan2017.rds.-- cleanCOAS_ballan2018.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2011.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2012.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2013.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2014.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2015.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2016.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2017.rds.-- cleanCOAS_cod2018.rds.-- cleanCOAS_pollack2015.rds.-- cleanCOAS_pollack2016.rds.-- cleanCOAS_pollack2017.rds.-- cleanCOAS_pollack2018.rds.-- fish_data.csv, Peer reviewed

[EN] The Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (GMLC), dictionary of Medieval Latin from the territories corresponding to the linguistic area of the Catalan from ninth to twelfth centuries, is realised under the project «Medieval Latin Dictionnary(ies)» of the International Union of Academies (IUA). The developers of the GMLC have the scientific purpose of providing specialised researchers, as well as anyone interested in the Middle Ages, a tool that makes understandable the Latin notarial documentation and the Latin literary, legal and scientific texts produced in the mentioned territories and centuries. All these acts and texts are the written testimony not only of the Medieval Latin language but also of the emerging Romance language, in this case, the Catalan. The GMLC team divides and shares their functions between two lines of work, inseparable and complementary: the first line consists of the preparation, development and updating of glossary articles itself; in the second line of work, the texts used as raw material for writing lexicographical items are digitised, processed, marked and re-edited and published by the lexical database Corpus Documentale Latinum Cataloniae (CODOLCAT). These two lines of work evolve towards a common ultimate goal: the online digital and open access publication of the GMLC. [ES] El proyecto del Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (GMLC), inscrito dentro del objetivo de elaboración de un diccionario europeo de latín medieval, bajo los auspicios de la Unión Académica Internacional (UAI), tiene como finalidad poner al alcance del público, especializado o no, los instrumentos necesarios para la adecuada interpretación de los textos latinos producidos, entre los siglos IX y XII, en los territorios correspondientes al dominio lingüístico del catalán, textos que son el testimonio del uso de una lengua, la latina, expresión del lenguaje jurídico, eclesiástico e institucional medieval, y que, al mismo tiempo, permiten constatar la existencia de una incipiente lengua románica, el catalán. Para conseguir tal objetivo, en el proyecto conviven dos líneas de trabajo e investigación, complementarias e indisociables: por un lado, la de preparación y redacción de los propios artículos lexicográficos del GMLC; por otro lado, la de edición y publicación digital de los textos de los que se parte para la redacción del GMLC, la base de datos léxica Corpus Documentale Latinum Cataloniae (CODOLCAT). Ambas líneas confluyen en la publicación digital en línea y en acceso abierto del GMLC. [CAT] Inscrit dins l’objectiu d’elaboració d’un diccionari europeu de llatí medieval, sota els auspicis de la Unió Acadèmica Internacional (UAI), el projecte del Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (GMLC) té com a finalitat posar a l’abast del públic (investigadors especialitzats o persones interessades, en general) els instruments necessaris per a la bona interpretació dels textos llatins produïts entre els segles IX i XII en els territoris corresponents al domini lingüístic del català, textos que són testimoni de l’ús d’una llengua, la llatina, com a expressió del llenguatge jurídic, eclesiàstic i institucional medievals, i que permeten constatar, alhora, l’existència d’una incipient llengua romànica, el català. La consecució d’aquest objectiu s’articula al voltant de dues línies de treball, complementàries i indissociables: d’una banda, la preparació i la redacció dels articles que conformen el propi glossari; d’altra, l’edició i publicació digital dels textos que serveixen com a punt del partida per a la redacció del GMLC, a través de la base de dades lèxica Corpus Documentale Latinum Cataloniae (CODOLCAT). Totes dues conflueixen en la publicació digital in línia i en accés obert del GMLC. [FR] Le Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis Cataloniae (GMLC), dictionnaire du latin médiéval des territoires correspondant au domaine linguistique du catalan entre le IXe et le XIIe siècle, s’inscrit au sein du projet d’élaboration d’un dictionnaire européen de latin médiéval, sous les auspices de l’Union Académique Internationale (UAI). Les responsables du GMLC ont le but scientifique de fournir aux chercheurs spécialisés, ainsi qu’à toute personne intéressée par le Moyen Âge, un outil qui rende compréhensible la documentation notariale et les textes littéraires, juridiques et scientifiques latins produits dans les lieux et l’époque cités, textes qui sont le témoignage écrit non seulement de la langue latine médiévale, mais aussi de la langue romane naissante, concrètement le catalan. Les membres de l’équipe du GMLC divisent et partagent leurs fonctions entre deux lignes de travail, indissociables et complémentaires : celle de préparation, rédaction et mise à jour des articles du glossaire lui-même ; et celle de numérisation des textes utilisés comme matière première pour l’écriture des articles lexicographiques, réédition de ces textes et publication numérique de la base de données lexicale Corpus Documentale Latinum Cataloniae (CODOLCAT). Ces deux lignes ont évolué vers un objectif ultime commun : la publication numérique, en ligne et en accès libre du GMLC., Peer reviewed

The dataset includes: Microstructure profiles collected with a MSS Sea&Sun profiler during the three intensive samplings of the cruise (I01, I02, I03), Ocean currents measured with a bottom moored RD Instruments acoustic Doppler profiler (ADCP, 300Khz) for the duration of the cruise, Acoustic backscatter from a ship-borne echosounder Simrad EK80 for the frequencies 18, 38, 70, 120 and 200 KHz and the three intensive samplings of the cruise (I01, I02, I03), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) egg counts from plankton hauls samplings, This dataset includes data collected during the cruise REMEDIOS-TL in the Ría de Pontevedra (NW Iberia) at station P2 (42.357°N, 8.773°W) from 29 June to 18 July 2018 onboard of the Research Vessel Ramón Margalef belonging to the Spanish Institude of Oceanography. The archived data are described in a manuscript entitled "Intense upper ocean mixing due to large aggregations of spawning fish" by Fernández Castro et al. published in Nature Geoscience: Fernández Castro, B., Peña, M., Nogueira, E. et al. Intense upper ocean mixing due to large aggregations of spawning fish. Nat. Geosci. 15, 287–292 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00916-3. The manuscript presents evidence that night-time aggregations of anchovies produce intense ocean turbulence and mixing. All the data needed to support the conclusions of the article are included in this dataset, The REMEDIOS project is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation under the research project REMEDIOS (CTM2016-75451-C2-1-R), acoustic_backscatter_EK80_REMEDIOS_TL_I01.nc.-- acoustic_backscatter_EK80_REMEDIOS_TL_I02.nc.-- acoustic_backscatter_EK80_REMEDIOS_TL_I03.nc.-- bottom_moored_ADCP_REMEDIOS_TL.nc.-- egg_counts.xls.-- MSS_microstructure_REMEDIOS_TL_I01.nc.-- MSS_microstructure_REMEDIOS_TL_I02.nc.-- MSS_microstructure_REMEDIOS_TL_I03.nc, Peer reviewed