Resultados de investigación

Code and data for the Dynamical Model of Oceanic Sulfur production and consumption during phytoplankton blooms (DMOS-BLOOM) The version DMOS_BLOOM_v1, currently the only available version, was used to write the article submitted to Limnology and Oceanography in early November 2022 by Guillaume Le Gland, Marta Masdeu-Navarro, Martí Galí, Sergio M. Vallina, Matti Gralka, Flora Vincent, Otto Cordero, Assaf Vardi and Rafel Simó. The version DMOS_BLOOM_v2 was used to write the revised article submitted in May 2023 DMOS-BLOOM is designed to run on both open-source GNU-Octave (version 4.4.1 and more recent) and MATLAB (version R2010b and more recent). The execution has been tested on Windows with a 2.5 GHz Intel i5-3210M processor, on Linux Ubuntu with a 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon E5645 processor, and on Linux Debian with a 2.6 GHz Intel Xeon E5-2640 processor. The main module is DMOS_BLOOM.m. The model options can be modified in DMOS_BLOOM_keys.m and DMOS_BLOOM_parameters.m. The data necessary to run DMOS_BLOOM, mainly observations of DMSP and DMS concentrations and microbial abundances, are located in the DATA folder., With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)., Peer reviewed

The data supports the paper "Local and landscape factors shape alpha and beta trophic interaction diversity in urban gardens". It provides: (1) the host-natural enemy interaction networks and network metrics between cavity-nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies, (2) the explanatory variables reflecting urban intensity, temperature, habitat amount and management intensity. (3) the questionnaires for assessing management intensity. (4) a thesaurus for the variable names. (5) a readme file. (6) the R script used for the analyses. The data is part of the BetterGardens project. It was sampled in 85 allotment and home gardens in the ctiy of Zurich in 2015 using standardized trapnests., This work was supported by: SNF Sinergia, Grant/Award: CRSII1 154416; Juan de la Cierva, Grant/Award: FJC2021-046829-I; SNF Sinergia, Grant/Award: 154416; SNF Postdoc.Moibility, Grant/Award: P500PN_217754, Peer reviewed

Understanding the drivers and consequences of global environmental change is crucial to inform predictions of effects on ecosystems. We used the mammal community of Białowieża Forest, the last lowland near-primeval forest in temperate Europe, as a sentinel of global change. We analyzed changes in stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of hair in 687 specimens from 50 mammal species across seven decades (1946–2011). We classified mammals into four taxonomic-dietary groups (herbivores, carnivores, insectivores, bats). We found a significant negative trend in hair δ15N for the mammal community, particularly strong for herbivores. This trend is consistent with temporal patterns in nitrogen deposition from (15N depleted) industrial fertilizers and fossil fuel emissions. It is also in line with global-scale declines in δ15N reported in forests and other unfertilized, non-urban terrestrial ecosystems and with local decreases in N foliar concentrations. The global depletion of 13C content in atmospheric CO2 due to fossil fuel burning (Suess effect) was detected in all groups. After correcting for this effect, the hair δ13C trend became non-significant for both community and groups, except for bats, which showed a strong decline in δ13C. This could be related to an increase in the relative abundance of freshwater insects taken by bats or increased use of methane-derived carbon in food webs used by bats. This work is the first broad-scale and long-term mammal isotope ecology study in a near-primeval forest in temperate Europe. Mammal communities from natural forests represent a unique benchmark in global change research; investigating their isotopic temporal variation can help identify patterns and early detections of ecosystem changes and provide more comprehensive and integrative assessments than single-species approaches., Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej : PPN/BEK/2020/1/00358/U/00001, Peer reviewed

The dataset includes surface air temperature at 2 m (SAT) and subsurface temperature (soilTs) yearly information for a Past2k (0-1850) simulation extended to the historical period (1850-2014) and SSP585 climate change scenario (2015-2100, P2k+) conducted with a modified version of the CMIP6 low-resolution Earth System Model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, the MPI-ESM1.2-LR (Mauritsen et al., 2019). MPI-ESM1.2 comprises the ocean model MPIOM1.6 and the atmosphere model ECHAM6.3 (Stevens et al., 2013). The latter is directly coupled to the Land Surface Model JSBACH3.2 (Reick et al., 2021) through the surface exchange of mass, momentum, and heat. The low-resolution configuration (MPI-ESM1.2-LR) has an atmospheric horizontal resolution truncated to T63, corresponding approximately to a 200-km grid cell size. This resolution is shared by the LSM. The standard shallow 5-layer vertical discretization of JSBACH3.2 (bottom boundary ca. 10 m) is modified to a much deeper 12-layer configuration (bottom boundary ca. 1400 m), following González-Rouco et al. (2021). Additionally to the SAT and soilTs data, the land mask, and the global gridded maps of soil volumetric heat capacity (soilhcap) and diffusivity (soilhdiff) used by JSBACH are included., We thank the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) for the resources granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) to run MPI-ESM1.2-LR P2k+ deep simulation under project ID bm1026 (PI: Johann Jungclaus)., Peer reviewed

This zenodo repository contains the code for the version 1.0 of a one-dimensional heat Conduction Forward Model (ConForMv1.0), along with an example of application. This model numerically resolves the Fourier's one-dimensional Partial Differential Equation: dT/dt=k d^2T/dz^2 where T represents the temperature at a specific depth z and time step t, and k denotes the thermal diffusivity. The numerical solution is derived by a Finite Time Centered Space finite difference scheme, consisting of an explicit Euler scheme for time resolution and a second-order central difference for the spatial dimension (Roache, 1998). The resulting numerical solution of the heat conduction equation can be expressed as: T_{i}^{n+1} = T_{i}^{n} + k Dt (T_{i-1}^{n}-2 T_{i}^{n}+ T_{i+1}^{n})/(\Dz^2) with T_{i}^{n} representing the temperature value at soil level i during time step n, and Dt the time step increment. The model produces the subsurface vertical temperature structure at each time step, employing a thermal equilibrium boundary condition at the ground surface, i.e., T[z=0]=T_0, and a flux boundary condition at the bottom, i.e., T'[z=z_max]=C. This C might be 0 or a constant value, which could represent the geothermal gradient. To ensure the stability of the numerical scheme, governed by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition (Courant et al., 1928), a constant time step of 1 day and a soil layer thickness of 1 m was employed. To compile the model on your local PC, download the Fortran 90 code "ConForMv1-0.f90" and compile it using gfortran. To do that, you need to have Fortran installed on your PC. Once compiled, you can start running with it. A folder named "EXAMPLE" was included so to provide the user with an example input time serie (in NetCDF), and illustrate the usage and output of ConForMv1.0. For that purpose, a Shell script is also attached as a guidance for the user to obtain the desired output result. If you use the code, kindly cite the following publications: García-Pereira, F. et al. (2023): "First comprehensive assessment of industrial era land heat uptake from multiple sources". Submitted to Earth System Dynamics. Steinert, N. J. et al. (2023): "Underestimated land heat uptake alters the global energy distribution in CMIP6 climate models". Submitted to Geophysical Research Letters. Please cite this repository as well. You may find the citation and DOI on the right sidebar., Peer reviewed

Species identification in red algae poses significant challenges when relying solely on morphological characteristics. Consequently, the absence of molecular information often conceals misidentifications, cryptic diversity and introduced cryptic species. Within the genus Lophocladia, species have traditionally been delineated based on subtle morphological traits. Lophocladia trichoclados and Lophocladia lallemandii have been extensively documented in warm and temperate coastal regions, with the latter recognized as an invasive species in the Mediterranean. However, the molecular relationship between these species remains unexplored. To address this gap, a comprehensive taxonomic reevaluation of Lophocladia was conducted in the NE Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Through combined molecular and morphological analyses of 75 specimens, two distinct taxa of Lophocladia were identified within the study area. Sequences of the rbcL plastid gene unequivocally demonstrated that L. lallemandii and L. trichoclados are conspecific. Consequently, we propose the synonymization of L. lallemandii with L. trichoclados, which has nomenclatural priority. We report L. kuetzingii, a potentially introduced species from Australia, for the first time in the Macaronesian region of the North Atlantic. This finding underscores the importance of expanding red algal DNA datasets, as such efforts significantly enhance our ability to detect and discern introduced species. Additionally, this research highlights the existence of taxonomic uncertainties surrounding introduced species, even among those already classified as invasive., Molecular tools reveal the synonymy of Lophocladia lallemandii with L. trichoclados. L. trichoclados is a widely distributed species in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Red Sea. L. kuetzingii is detected as a cryptic introduced species in the Macaronesian region. Molecular tools reveal the synonymy of Lophocladia lallemandii with L. trichoclados. L. trichoclados is a widely distributed species in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Red Sea. L. kuetzingii is detected as a cryptic introduced species in the Macaronesian region., Financial support has been provided by Spanish Ministry Project ANIMA [No. CGL2016-76341-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE] and FoRestA, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Grant/Award No. PID2020-112985GB-I00]. This work was also supported by a FPI grant [project ANIMA, BES-2017-079907] to RG. AV, RG and EC are members of the MedRecover Research Group [www.medrecover.org; 2017 SGR 1521]. Pilar Díaz-Tapia received support from Xunta de Galicia [‘Axudas de apoio á etapa de formación posdoutoral’ [grant ED481D/2017/011]. This research was partially supported by the Croatian Science Foundation projects MAUD [IP-2018-01-9849] and Benthic NIS [IP-2019-04-6702]., Peer reviewed

Akdeniz University (grant no: 2010.02.0121.028); The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, grant no: 210T169); PID2021-123298NB-I00; TED2021-129328B-I00, Peer reviewed

Tropical regions contain ecologically and socio-economically important habitats, and are home to about 3.8 billion people, many of which directly depend on tropical coastal waters for their well-being. At the basis of these ecosystems are biogeochemical processes. Climate change is expected to have a greater impact in the tropics compared to temperate regions because of the relatively stable environmental conditions found there. However, it was surprising to find only 660 research articles published focusing on the impact of climate change on the biogeochemistry of coastal tropical waters compared to 4823 for temperate waters. In this perspective, we highlight important topics in need of further research. Specifically, we suggest that in tropical regions compared to temperate counterparts climate change stressors will be experienced differently, that organisms have a lower acclimation capacity, and that long-term baseline biogeochemical datasets useful for quantifying future changes are lacking. The low number of research papers on the impacts of climate change in coastal tropical regions is likely due to a mix of reasons including limited resources for research and limited number of long time series in many developing tropical countries. Finally, we propose some action points that we hope will stimulate more studies in tropical coastal waters., Research Fund Denmark Grant (1127-00033B), Peer reviewed

1. Johannsen.dataset1.csv [line, class.seed.mother, mean.seed.progeny, stdev.seed.progeny, freq] This dataset includes results of experiments for each pure line showing the mean and standard deviation of seed weight, broken down by the weight class of the initial mother seeds ("Muttersamen", 1901 crop) (Johannsen 1903, p. 21-24, tables Linie A through Linie T). Detailed information on the variables to be found in the original source., 2. Johannsen.dataset2.csv [line, class.seed.progeny, freq] This dataset consists of the distribution of seeds among weight classes, separately for each pure line (Johannsen 1903, Uebersichtstabelle I, p. 25). Detailed information on the variables to be found in the original source., FocScales, PROMETEO-2021/040; EPINTER, PID2019-104365GB-I00, Peer reviewed

Data and code of the article titled " Pollinator asynchrony drives the temporal stability of flower visitation rates, but not of plant reproductive success" by Estefanía Tobajas, Virginia Domínguez-García, Francisco P. Molina and Ignasi Bartomeus, Peer reviewed