Resultados de investigación

La violencia entre iguales provoca un impacto negativo sobre la salud de los adolescentes implicados. Entre los factores que han mostrado evidencias para predecir la realización y el sufrimiento de conductas agresivas, se encuentran las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo-emocional. Sin embargo, en contextos de acoso y ciberacoso pocos estudios han analizado el papel de estas estrategias y, aún menos, de manera separada para chicos y chicas. Por ello, este estudio planteó dos objetivos: analizar las diferencias por sexo en agresión y victimización en acoso y ciberacoso, así como en el uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento; y explorar cuáles son las estrategias que mejor predicen la victimización y agresión en ambas situaciones de manera separada para chicos y chicas. Una muestra de 1904 adolescentes completó tres cuestionarios que evaluaban el acoso, el ciberacoso y las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas por sexo en agresión, victimización, ciberagresión y en cinco estrategias. Además, los resultados de las regresiones indicaron que, por ejemplo, la estrategia de culpar a otros fue una de las que mejor predijo la agresión y victimización en acoso y ciberacoso en chicos y chicas. Por último, se discuten las limitaciones e implicaciones derivadas de este estudio., Universidad de Málaga Grupo PAIDI Applied Positive Lab CTS-1048 (Junta de Andalucía) Proyecto I+D+i del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (PID2020-117006RB-I00) Fondos FEDER/Junta de Andalucía (UMA 18-FEDERJA-147)

The identification of behavioral traits that could predict an individual's susceptibility to engage in cocaine addiction is relevant for understanding and preventing this disorder, but investigations of cocaine addicts rarely allow us to determinate whether their behavioral attributes are a cause or a consequence of drug use. To study the behaviors that predict cocaine vulnerability, male C57BL/6J mice were examined in a battery of tests (the elevated plus maze, hole-board, novelty preference in the Y-Maze, episodic-like object recognition and forced swimming) prior to training in a cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to assess the reinforcing value of the drug. In a second study, the anatomical basis of high and low CPP in the mouse brain was investigated by studying the number of neurons (neuronal nuclei-positive) in two addiction-related limbic regions (the medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala) and the number of dopaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase-positive) in the ventral tegmental area by immunohistochemistry and stereology. Correlational analyses revealed that CPP behavior was successfully predicted by anxiety-like measures in the elevated plus maze (i.e., the more anxious mice showed more preference for the cocaine-paired compartment) but not by the other behaviors analyzed. In addition, increased numbers of neurons were found in the basolateral amygdala of the high CPP mice, a key brain center for anxiety and fear responses. The results support the theory that anxiety is a relevant factor for cocaine vulnerability, and the basolateral amygdala is a potential neurobiological substrate where both anxiety and cocaine vulnerability could overlap., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and was co-funded by the European Research Development Fund (UE-ERDF) (PSI2013-44901-P to L.J.S.); the Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (ISC-III), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, UE-ERDF (CP12/03109 to J.S.); the Regional Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of the AndalusianRegional Government (Junta de Andalucía) (PI0228-2013 to F.J.P. and PI0823-2012 to A.S.); Red de Trastornos Adictivos UE-ERDF2012 (RD12/0028/0001) and Plan Nacional sobre Drogas 049/2013to F.R.F.

Cybervictimization is a public health concern in adolescence. Victims of cyberbullying may present with important short- and long-term sequelae. Specifically, past research has demonstrated positive associations between being cybervictimized and risk of suicide among adolescents. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms that may mediate or moderate this relationship remain unclear. The present research examined perceived stress as a mediator and forgiveness as a moderator to explore the relationship between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. Specifically, vengeance, avoidance, and benevolence motivations, as a means of measuring forgiveness experienced, were analyzed as moderators in the relations between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. The sample included 1,821 adolescents (954 girls) who ranged in age from 12 to 17 years from nine centers. Adolescents’ self- reported perceived stress levels, cybervictimization, and forgiveness were collected. A mediation and a moderated mediation analyses were used to explore the aim of the present study. Results suggest that, after controlling for sex and age, perceived stress partially mediates the association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the mediation effects of perceived stress were independently moderated by vengeance and avoidance. Thus, revenge and avoidance might intensify the adverse impact of perceived stress on suicidal ideation. These results highlight how and when cybervictimization is related to suicidal ideation. We discuss the results in relation to previous research and consider their practical implications. These findings suggest that adolescents’ perceived stress, together with vengeance and avoidance motivations, may be key targets for prevention and intervention programs dealing with cybervictimization. This highlights the need to implement treatment and prevention programs focused on decreasing such motivations., Universidad de Málaga (PPIT.UMA.B1.2017/23). Grupo PAIDI Applied Positive Lab CTS-1048 (Junta de Andalucía)

The aim of this research was to explore whether perceived support from classmates moderates the relationship between core self-evaluations (CSE) and psychological well-being indicators among adolescents. The Core Self-Evaluations Scale, the Teacher and Classmate Support Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scales were administered to 2,883 Spanish adolescents (Mage = 14.07). Perceived classmate support moderated the relationship between CSE and life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. These findings provide empirical support for theoretical and conceptual work connecting perceived classmate support, CSE, and psychological well-being among adolescents, suggesting that alone, but also in combination, these personal and social resources may be particularly relevant in helping to promote psychological well-being. Theoretical and practical implications of the joint study of these constructs and their relationship with psychological well-being in adolescents are discussed., Universidad de Málaga Grupo PAIDI Applied Positive Lab CTS-1048 (Junta de Andalucía) Proyecto I+D+i del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (PID2020-117006RB-I00)

The scientific literature shows that without an adaptive management of cyberbullying situations cybervictims may be more likely to become cyberaggressors. Therefore, numerous studies have examined potential factors that contribute to mitigating the strong association between cybervictimisation and cyberaggression, particularly focusing on how adolescents cope with the experience of cybervictimisation. However, clear results regarding gender differences in coping strategy utilisation have not been identified. Consequently, it is necessary to continue delving deeper into this field to further elucidate these prior findings. Thus, this study aimed to examine the possible moderating role of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between cybervictimisation and cyberaggression, as well as to analyse gender differences within it. A sample of 2,525 adolescents (12–18 years) participated by completing self-report measures which assess cybervictimisation, cyberaggression and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. After performing several moderation analyses, the results showed that both adaptive and maladaptive strategies independently moderated the link between cybervictimisation and cyberaggression in girls, but not in boys. These findings have contributed to a deeper understanding of the role that coping strategies used by cybervictimised adolescents can play. They also show evidence of the potential benefits of developing various coping strategies that help cybervictims to better manage these adverse situations and reduce cyberaggression., Proyecto I+D+i PID2020-117006RB-I00 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y el grupo PAIDI Applied Positive Lab CTS-1048 (Junta de Andalucía) La uiversidad de Málaga/CBUA financió la tasa de acceso abierto del artículo

Emotional intelligence (EI) is typically linked to higher subjective happiness scores in human service professionals. It is unknown which EI facets are more predictive in explaining subjective happiness beyond that accounted for by other key predictors such as perceived stress. This study investigated which EI facets were the most predictive in explaining subjective happiness above perceived stress in a relatively large sample of Spanish teachers. The sample was composed of 1323 Spanish teaching professionals (821 females and 529 secondary school teachers) from different educational centers located in Southern Spain. A student-recruited sampling technique was used, and the surveys included the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Predictive and incremental validity was assessed with SPSS, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to predict subjective happiness from EI facets beyond that accounted for by perceived stress. The results showed that all four EI facets correlated significantly with each other. Also, they all were positively and significantly associated with subjective happiness, whereas perceived stress was negatively associated with happiness scores. Moreover, self-emotion appraisal, use of emotions and regulation of emotions accounted for a significant amount of variance in the prediction of satisfaction with life beyond the effects of sociodemographic variables and perceived stress. This study extends the specific contribution of EI facets in predicting subjective happiness, rather than EI as a unified construct, in a relatively large sample of Spanish teachers. Self-focused dimensions involving appraisal, use and regulation of emotions appeared to be the most important predictors of happiness beyond stress experienced by teachers. Improved knowledge of the link between specific dimensions of EI and global subjective happiness might improve training in a well-being prevention..., Junta de Andalucía (UMA18-FEDERJA-147). Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-117006RB-I00). Grupo PAIDI CTS-1048 de la Junta de Andalucía. Universidad de Málaga. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FJC2019-038942-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)

This database is made up of EEG signals from 6 subjects listening to sentences in different languages and their answers to the questions: have you understood the meaning of the sentence?. The languages chosen are: english, german, italian, korean and spanish. These signals have been captured with the BrainVision actiCHAMP-PLUS system and consist of a total of 64 EEG channels. The BrainVision Recorder software was used to store the signals. The stimulus presentation software used to design the experiment is Eprime 3. For more detailed information on this database, the capture system used and its applications, see [1]. If these data are used for any publication, the following paper must be cited: [1] Isaac Ariza, Ana M. Barbancho, Lorenzo J. Tardón, Isabel Barbancho, Energy-based features and bi-LSTM neural network for EEG-based music and voice classification. Neural Comput & Applic 36, 791–802 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09061-3, Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBUA. This publication is part of Project PID2021-123207NB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE. This work was partially funded by Junta de Andalucía, Proyectos de I+D+i, in the framework of Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020), under Project No. PY20_00237. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA. This work was done at Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech.

The UMAHand Dataset comprises a main directory and three subdirectories: TRACES (containing measurements), VIDEOS (containing video sequences) and SCRIPTS (with two scripts that automate the downloading, unzipping and processing of the dataset). The main directory also includes three descriptive plain text files and an image: • "readme.txt": this file is a brief guide of the dataset which describes the basic characteristics of the database, the testbed or experimental framework used to generate it and the organization of the data file. • "user_characteristics.txt": which contains a line of six numerical (comma-separated) values for each participant describing their personal characteristics in the following order: 1) an abstract user identifier (a number from 01 to 25), 2) a binary value indicating whether the participant is left-handed (0) or right-handed (1), 3) a numerical value indicating gender: male (0), female (1), undefined or undisclosed (2), 4) the weight in kg, and 5) the height in cm and 6) the age in years. • "activity_description.txt": For each activity, this text file incorporates a line with the activity identifier (numbered from 01 to 29) and an alphanumeric string that briefly describes the performed action. • "sensor_orientation.jpg": a JPEG-type image file illustrating the way the sensor is carried and the orientation of the measurement axes. The TRACE subfolder with the data is, in turn, organized into 25 secondary subfolders, one for each participant, named with the word "output" followed by underscore symbol (_) and the corresponding participant identifier (a number from 1 to 25). Each subdirectory contains one CSV (Comma Separated Values) file for each trial (each repetition of any activity) performed by the corresponding volunteer. The filenames with the monitored data follow the following format: "user_XX_activity_YY_trial_ZZ.csv" where XX, YY, and ZZ represent the identifiers of the participant (XX), the activity (YY) and the repetition number (ZZ), respectively. In the files, which do not include any header, each line corresponds to a sample taken by the sensing node. Thus, each line of the CSV files presents a set of the simultaneous measurements captured by the sensors of the Shimmer mote at a certain instant. The values in each line are arranged as follows: •Timestamp, Ax, Ay, Az, Gx, Gy, Gz, Mx, My, Mz, P where: -Timestamp is the time indication of the moment when the following measurements were taken. Time is measured in milliseconds elapsed since the start of the recording. Therefore, the first sample, in the first line of the file, has a zero value while the rest of the timestamps in the file are relative to this first sample. -Ax, Ay, Az are the measurements of the three axes of the triaxial accelerometer (in g units). -Gx, Gy, Gz indicate the components of the angular velocity measured by the triaxial gyroscope (in degrees per second or dps). -Mx, My, Mz represent the 3-axis data in microteslas (µT) captured by the magnetometer. -P is the measurement of pressure in millibars. Besides, the VIDEOS directory includes 29 anonymized video clips that illustrate with the corresponding examples the 29 manual activities carried out by the participants. The video files are encoded in MPEG4 format and named according to the format "Example_Activity_XX.mp4", where XX indicates the identifier of the movement (as described in the activity_description.txt file). Finally, the SCRIPTS subfolder comprises two scripts written in Python and Matlab. These two programs (named Load_traces), which perform the same function, are designed to automate the downloading and processing of the data. Specifically, these scripts perform the following tasks: 1. Download the database from the public repository as a single compressed zip file. 2. Unzip the aforementioned file and create the subfolder structure of the dataset in a specific directory named UMAHand_Dataset. As previously commented, in the subfolder named TRACES, one CSV trace file per each experiment (i.e. per each movement, user, and trial) is created. 3. Read all the CSV files and store their information in a list of dictionaries (Python) or a matrix of structures (Matlab) named datasetTraces. Each element in that list/matrix has two fields: the filename (which identifies the user, the type of performed activity, and the trial number) and a numerical array of 11 columns containing the timestamps and the measurements of the sensors for that experiment (arranged as mentioned above). All experiments and data acquisition were conducted in private home environments. Participants were asked to perform those activities involving sustained or continuous hand movements (e.g. clapping hands) for at least 10 seconds. In the case of brief and punctual movements, which might require less than 10 seconds (e.g. picking up an object from the floor), volunteers were simply asked to execute the action until its conclusion. Thus, a total of 752 samples were collected, with durations ranging from 1.98 to 119.98 seconds., The objective of the UMAHand dataset is to provide a systematic, Internet-accessible benchmarking database for evaluating algorithms for the automatic identification of manual activities. The database was created by monitoring 29 predefined activities involving specific movements of the dominant hand. These activities were performed by 25 participants, each completing a certain number of repetitions. During each movement, participants wore a 'mote' or Shimmer sensor device on their dominant hand's wrist. This sensor, comparable in weight and volume to a wristwatch, was attached with an elastic band according to a predetermined orientation. The Shimmer device contains an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with a triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and barometer. These sensors recorded measurements of acceleration, angular velocity, magnetic field, and atmospheric pressure at a constant sampling frequency of 100 Hz during each movement., Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, NextGenerationEU/PRTR Funds, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech, ED2021-130456B-I00, B4-2023-12

Los pacientes con demencia presentan dificultades alimentarias (DF) desde el diagnóstico, condicionando su evolución. Identificarlos tempranamente es vital para implementar medidas preventivas y evitar un deterioro más pronunciado por problemas nutricionales. La Escala de Evaluación de la Alimentación en Demencia de Edimburgo (EdFED) identifica las DF de los pacientes con demencia mediante el estudio de sus comportamientos mientras comen o son alimentados. También indica áreas de posibles intervenciones clínicas. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la capacidad de respuesta de la escala EdFED a lo largo del tiempo en personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo y comparar la efectividad en la identificación de desnutrición y riesgo con el método MNA estándar de oro. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, observacional, longitudinal, analítico con un período de seguimiento de 18 meses (participaron pacientes de residencias de ancianos y de la comunidad). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, la escala EdFED fue reportada por enfermeros, asistentes y cuidadores familiares y se realizó valoración nutricional y antropométrica; IMC, MNA, antebrazo (FC) y circunferencia de pantorrilla (CC). Finalmente se realizó un análisis de sangre nutricional. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio para obtener estadísticas descriptivas. Se calcularon medidas test-retest. Se realizó un análisis interobservador kappa. Se determinaron los coeficientes de correlación de concordancia y los resultados de la prueba de Bland-Altman. La capacidad de respuesta se evaluó calculando medidas de distribución y aplicando un enfoque basado en anclajes y comparado con MNA. Los resultados sugieren que la escala EdFED es una herramienta útil para evaluar las dificultades alimentarias (DF) en personas mayores con demencia. Demostró buena sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar la desnutrición, similar a la MNA y, lo que es más importante, para detectar riesgos y también puede identificar cambios, Estudio financiado por la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía AP-0065-2020-C1-F2. S0495

La base de datos hace referencia al artículo: Figueirido, B., Palmqvist, P., Pérez-Claros, J. A., & Janis, C. M. (2019). Sixty-six million years along the road of mammalian ecomorphological specialization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(26), 12698-12703. En ella se establece la clasificación por ecotipos de dieta, locomoción y masa corporal para las especies utilizadas en el artículo. Las categorías ecológicas proceden de NOW database., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades