Resultados de investigación

Structure:, 1) BIOGEOBEARS: code and data (tree.nwk, dispersal multipliers, geography file, distance matrix) for Biogeobears analysis with the full explanation provided in code, 2) Character Matrices: Geneious prime 4 genes alignment and morphological matrix build in mesquite, undepinning all phylogenetic analyses in the paper, 3) IQ tree - files produced by the analysis in IQ TREE for morphological and molecular matricies, 4) BEAST2 - xml file and outputs (logs, trees) for the BEAST2 ancestral divergence analysis, 5) Acession numbers of the sequences used, Supporting files for the paper "Oldest Gondwanan non-biting midge (Diptera, Chironomidae, Podonominae) and Gondwana-Laurasia vicariance patterns", Peer reviewed

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Corticium candelabrum (sponge; Porifera; Homoscleromorpha; Homosclerophorida; Plakinidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 185.49 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.4%) is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.19 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 26,198 protein-coding genes. The metagenome of the specimen was also assembled, and 53 binned bacterial genomes were identified, including 44 high-quality MAGs that were typical of high microbial abundance sponge and included, besides the phyla Chloroflexota (class Dehalococcoidia), Acidobacteriota (order Acidomicrobiales), Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, also representatives of several candidatus phyla (Candidatus Latescibacterota, Binatota, Poribacteria)., This work was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through a grant (GBMF8897) to the Wellcome Sanger Institute to support the Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics Project, and by Wellcome through core funding to the Wellcome Sanger Institute (220540). Collection and preservation were funded by a grant of the Spanish Government (PID2019-108627RB-I00) to MM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., Peer reviewed

1 file, Accurate predictions of the future climate response to CO2 depend on the ability of climate models to simulate past analog warmer climates, like the Miocene. However, one key unresolved issue in paleoclimate modeling is reproducing the pronounced high-latitude warmth and relatively flat latitudinal temperature gradients inferred from proxy records. Here, we use clumped isotope thermometry—a method that sidesteps limitations of conventional proxies—on pure coccolith calcite from the high-latitude North Atlantic ODP Site 982, extending from the Mid Miocene to the Quaternary (16-1.99 Ma; 524.55-43.99 m (mcd)), and compare to alkenone-derived temperatures from the same samples. We also measured clumped isotopes from a sediment trap sample from the Iceland Sea (70.23° N; 9.75° W; 1884 m) which in July 1999 registered the largest surface bloom ever recorded in this area, containing 99% of the subpolar north Atlantic Coccolithus pelagicus. The ketone fraction from bulk ODP Site 982 samples was extracted via Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and purified using saponification and silica gel column chromatography, after which C37:2 and C37:3 were measured at ETH Zürich using a Thermo Scientific Trace 1310 Gas Chromatograph (GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector. Alkenone SSTs were then calculated using widely-available calibrations like the core top (Müller et al., 1998; doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00097-0), the 55a Emiliania huxleyi batch culture (Prahl et al., 1988; doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90132-9) and the BAYSPLINE (Tierney and Tingley, 2018; doi:10.1002/2017PA003201), and alkenone production temperatures accounting for season and depth of production were calculated using the calibration proposed in Mejia et al., (2023; doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118313). Coccoliths from the inorganic ODP Site 982 samples were then purified using centrifugation and microfiltering techniques as described in Mejia et al., (2025; doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6393158/v1). Any further organic components were eliminated by H2O2 oxidation to avoid interferences during clumped isotope analysis. Clumped isotopes were measured from purified downcore samples and the sediment trap using a Kiel IV-Thermo Scientific MAT 253 at ETH Zürich. Coccolith calcification temperatures were calculated using the latest coccolith clumped isotope culture calibration study (Clark et al., 2024; doi:10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024) and the foraminifera calibration of Meinicke et al., (2021, doi:10.1029/2020PA004115), Peer reviewed

1 file, This dataset contains the raw clumped isotope individual measurements (Δ47) of pure coccolith calcite from ODP Site 982 in the North Atlantic between the Mid Miocene and the Quaternary (16-1.99 Ma; 524.55-43.99 m (mcd)), and pure Coccolithus pelagicus from a sediment trap sample in the Iceland Sea (70.23° N; 9.75° W; 1884 m) (Mejia et al., 2025;doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6393158/v1). We measured clumped isotopes using a Kiel IV-Thermo Scientific MAT 253 at ETH Zürich, following the LIDI protocol (Müller et al., 2017; doi:10.1002/rcm.7878), including a Porapak Q trap (-40 °C) to eliminate residual halo/hydrocarbon and reduced sulfur compounds. Nine to 21 replicates of ~110 μg carbonate were measured depending on sample availability. Carbonate standardization followed the use of carbonate standard scheme (I-CDES (InterCarb carbon dioxide equilibrium scale; LIDI protocol (Bernasconi et al., 2021; doi:10.1029/2020GC009588)). Contaminated replicates were eliminated from the dataset when the Δ48 offset was > 2 and 49 parameter values > 2 ‰ (included in this dataset), which is considered a standard protocol in clumped isotope measurements, Peer reviewed

[Code availability] Data visualisation was conducted using R v 4.4.113. Scripts used with R programming language and additional related files to make the graphs presented in this paper are available at https://zenodo.org/communities/trace-soils/247., Maintaining and enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils is proposed as a key practice to mitigate climate change. While there is agreement on the co-benefits of SOC accrual on other agroecosystem services, its potential trade-offs in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient losses are still under debate. We present a global dataset compiling the results of 232 articles that experimentally compare the effects of agricultural management practices with a potential to preserve or enhance SOC against conventional practices. The dataset reports 570 experimental effects of practices to minimise soil disturbance, diversify cropping systems, or increase organic inputs in 254 experiments across 38 countries. The dataset further reports the qualitative (positive, neutral or negative) effects of these management practices on SOC accrual, crop yield, and other response variables related to soil structure, soil biota, CO2 and N2O emissions, and nitrogen and phosphorus losses. This dataset helps understanding the synergies and trade-offs of SOC accrual practices with other ecosystem services, detect current knowledge gaps, and guide future agricultural policies., Peer reviewed

Table S1: Downcore dry bulk density and 234Th data, including mid-point measurement date, measured activity concentration (234Thmeas, 1st measurement), supported activity concentration (238U, 2nd measurement where 234Theq is equal to 238U) and mean value (±standard deviation) per station, excess activity concentration (234Thxs), excess inventory and weighted least squares (WLS) regression metrics used to calculate mixing rates, This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the ARCO project (TED2021-129426B-I00) led by P.P. and the LOFATE project (PID2023-151302NA-I00) led by V.P. The COCSABO provided additional ship-time under the CONPART project, led by V.P. Additional funds were provided by the BACRAD project (LCF/BQ/PI21/11830020), funded by the “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement no. 847648). M.S. received funds from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (fellowship CEX2019-000928-S-20-2). S.P. acknowledges support from a SNSF Ambizione project (PZ00P2_223468). M.R.-M. acknowledges support from the Beatriu de Pinós fellowship (2021-BP-00109), the “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434, fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI24/12040022) and the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC2023-045355-I). V.P. also acknowledges support from the Beatriu de Pinós fellowship (2022-BP-00112) and the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC2023-045093-I). This work contributes to the ICM-CSIC “Severo Ochoa” Excellence Program (Grant CEX2024-001494-S) and the ICTA-UAB “María de Maeztu” Program for Units of Excellence (Grant CEX2024-001506-M) both funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Support was also provided by the grants 2021 SGR-433 and 2021 SGR-640 provided by the Generalitat de Catalunya, Peer reviewed

This global compilation was generated to explore the application of thorium-234 (234Th) as a tracer for recent sedimentation in submarine canyons. Submarine canyons are located along the continental margins, including the shelf regions, which are disproportionally relevant for the carbon cycle and other essential biogeochemical processes. These geomorphological features can act as funnels for particles and represent a strong connection between land and the open ocean. The continental margins encompass dynamic environments, granting the necessity to use tracers capable of quantifying short-term events. 234Th is a particle reactive radionuclide that gets scavenged onto particles in the water column and, due to its short half-life of 24.1 days, it allows estimating the magnitude of recently deposited sediment on the seabed over the previous ~4 months. Excess 234Th (234Thxs) with respect to 234Th in secular equilibrium with its parent nuclide uranium-238 can be used to calculate excess 234Th inventories as a proxy of recent sediment deposition (Aller and Cochran, 1976). Moreover, the vertical profile of 234Thxs in surface sediment also serves for estimation of mixing rates when sedimentation rates are sufficiently low. This has advantages over the classic and extensively used lead-210 dating method with a decadal integration period (Arias-Ortiz et al., 2018), since the relatively short time scale of 234Th can match the occurrence of recent short deposition events, thus revealing the impacts of potential recent riverine runoff, trawling-derived deposition or phytoplankton blooms, among others. To compile these data we conducted a search across Google Scholar (last accessed: 03-Sep-2025 ) for periods encompassing 1979-2025, and obtained 123 search results using the terms: (Excess 234Th OR Excess 234 Th OR Excess Th-234 OR Excess Thorium-234) AND (submarine canyon OR canyon OR off-shelf) AND (sediment core OR sediment samples OR core OR gamma spectrometry OR gamma spectroscopy OR gamma counting OR radiochemical analysis OR radioisotopic). After thorough inspection of the publications, those reporting sedimentary 234Th data in canyon environments were selected, resulting in a compilation of data from a total of 26 publications from 20 different canyons. Data on 234Thxs parameters, sampling methodology, and contextual information of sediment cores obtained in submarine canyon environments were carefully extracted using the information given in the main text, tables, figures, and supplementary files. Latitude, longitude and sampling dates were assigned to the midpoint or the sampling month when not explicitly stated. Gamma spectrometry was applied as the counting method, with one exception measured by beta counting. Empty cells represent missing data. In 12 studies, data was also provided from the shelf, slope or abyssal plain near the canyon. The compilation includes surface 234Thxs activities, 234Thxs penetration depths, 234Thxs inventories and mixing rates (Db) from canyon studies with coring sites inside canyons, spanning a depth range from 120 to 4280 m and, additionally, near those canyons. In canyons, the most frequently provided parameter is the surface 234Thxs activity (19 of 26 studies) ranging from 20 to 4040 Bq kg-1with a mean value of 520 Bq kg-1. 10 of 26 studies reported 234Thxs inventories, showing high variability with a range of values between 10 and 50700 Bq m-2 and a mean value of 2860 Bq m-2. 10 of 26 studies reported (or provide enough data for extraction of) 234Thxs penetration depths (mean of 2 cm, ranging from 0.4 to 24 cm). The least frequently reported 234Thxs parameter is mixing rate (6 of 26 studies) yet encompassing a large range of values from 0.2 to 68.7 cm2 y-1 with a mean of 6.9 cm2 y-1.This database provides an overview of the variability of recent sediment deposition patterns as well as other sedimentary parameters derived from 234Th measurements across canyons distributed globally. Advancing the characterization of short-term sedimentary signatures using 234Th is promising and relevant in canyon environments, which represent a crucial link in the land-ocean interface, This work contributes to the Institut de Ciències del Mar "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Peer reviewed

Supplementary Table 1. Species, sample type, sample ID, date, location, and PCR results. Neg.= negative; Pos.= positive. Supplementary Table 2. List of primers used. F= forward; R= reverse; P= probe. Supplementary Table 3. Pathogen screening results by sample type, with the total number of positives sampled units in bold and the total number of screened sampled units in parentheses. Ic: Iceland; No: Norway; CaVe: Cape Verde. Supplementary figure 1. Map illustrating general locations (Iceland, Cape Verde or Norway/Skjervøy), dates, species and sample type of herpesvirus positive cases from this study, This research was funded by Nord University under the PhD funding no. 224000-169, by the Wildlife Conservation Research Grant 2021 of the European Wildlife Disease Association (EWDA) and by the Arktis 2030 “Moby Dick” project. Fieldwork in Cape Verde was co-funded by King’s College London Geography Research Fund. Pierre Blevin was supported by the Research Council of Norway grant #335489/SLICE project. Jorge Fernandes acknowledges the institutional support of the grant ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) funded by AEI, Spain, Peer reviewed

This work was supported by FPI grant (PRE2020-095468), with the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2024-001494-S funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033). The research was supported by the projects MINIOM (PID2022-142480NB-I00), PATCHI (CNS2023-144233), OPAL (PID2019-110311RB-C21) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities (MICINN) and the THINKINAZUL programme supported by MICIU with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Fundación Séneca with funding from Comunidad Autónoma Región de Murcia (CARM). C.R.-G. was further supported by the RyC contract (RYC2019-026758-I). J.R.-P. received financial support from FPU grant FPU20/01369. I.A.-M. received financial support from FPI grant PRE2020-092343. M.D.-F. received financial support from grant JDC2022-050316-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union—NextGenerationEU/PRTR and the support from the Groundwater Hydrology Group of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya funded from the Direcció General de Recerca from Generalitat de Catalunya (grant: 2021-SGR 00609), Peer reviewed

This research was financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant 200021_197029. COSC-2 was drilled with funding from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Project (ICDP; grant 4-2017) and co-funding by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet; grants 201903688 and 2017-00642), the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG, grant SPP 1006), and the National Science Centre of Poland (Narodowym Centrum Nauki, project no. 2018/29/B/ST10/02315). COSC-2 was drilled with the Swedish national research infrastructure for scientific drilling, “Riksriggen.” Open access publishing facilitated by Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, as part of the Wiley - Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich agreement via the Consortium Of Swiss Academic Libraries, Peer reviewed