Resultados de investigación

Mediterranean agricultural systems are highly vulnerable to increased climatic variability, which threatens soil water availability and the functionality of the soil carbon (C) cycle. Soil management practices strongly influence water dynamics and C-substrate quality, thus potentially affecting the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. We evaluated the combined effects of tillage (traditional tillage, TT; reduced tillage, RT), fertilization (miner-al, MF; addition of biosolid compost, BC), and rainfall inputs (ambient conditions, C; re-duction of 30 % rainfall inputs, EX) on soil water content (SWC) and storage (SWS), and in-situ soil respiration (Resp) dynamics over three agricultural seasons in a Mediterranean legume-wheat rotation, using a factorial field experiment. We also evaluated how the sen-sitivity of soil respiration to temperature could be affected by tillage and fertilization types in a complementary laboratory experiment under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. RT was effective in improving SWS and mitigating surface desiccation alt-hough this advantage was attenuated in wet years due to homogenization of moisture along the soil profile. Soil Resp was primarily controlled by SWC. BC consistently stimu-lated Resp over MF, but this substrate-driven effect was completely suppressed under wa-ter stress conditions, confirming a moisture "override effect." The diurnal cycle of Resp showed a clear decoupling from diurnal soil temperature. Crucially, the intrinsic thermal sensitivity of respiration (Q10) remained stable across all tillage and fertilization treat-ments, suggesting that field variability is driven by water dynamics and crop phenology, and not by microbial responses to changes in substrate availability. Our results confirmed the hierarchical role of climate on C-cycling processes., No

1H and 13C NMR spectra of 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid; UPLC and MS data of DBM-Ang2 and DBM-miniAp4; Mw and isoelectric point of peptides and mAb conjugates; cell cycle arrest data of SKBR-3, BT-474, or MDA-MB-231 cells treated with Tz, Tz-Ang2, and Tz-MiniAp4; MS characterization of AF647-modified Tz, Tz-Ang2, and Tz-MiniAp4; confocal images of BT-474 cells incubated with Tz, Tz-Ang2, and Tz-MiniAp4; mass characterization of Tz, Tz-Ang2, and Tz-MiniAp4 after immunoprecipitation of the acceptor well from HBBBCMTA; stability of Ang2 and MiniAp-4 in mouse serum; quantification of NIR fluorescence each mouse injected with Tz, Tz-Ang2, and Tz-MiniAp4; and data related to organotypic cultures treated with Tz and Tz-MiniAp4, Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are changing cancer treatments. However, the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood–tumor barrier (BTB) limits the use of mAbs to treat brain cancer or brain metastasis. Molecules that hijack endogenous transport mechanisms on the brain endothelium (brain shuttles) have been shown to increase the transport of large molecules and nanoparticles across the BBB. Among these shuttles, protease-resistant peptides such as MiniAp-4 are particularly efficient. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of site-specific mAb–brainshuttle antibody conjugates (ASC) based on the anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab (Tz) and four molecules of MiniAp-4. The ASCs preserve the binding and cell cycle arrest capacity of Tz. MiniAp-4 ASC displays enhanced transport across an in vitro BBB cellular model with respect to Tz and Tz conjugated to Angiopep-2, the brain shuttle that has advanced the most in clinical trials. More importantly, evaluation of Tz-MiniAp4 in a murine brain metastasis model demonstrated that the protease-resistant peptide showed preferential transport across the BBB/BTB, displaying a marked therapeutic effect and protecting against metastasis development. The technology described herein could be applied to any antibody of interest to treat central nervous system-related diseases. MiniAp-4 enhances the brain transport of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, preventing brain metastasis., Peer reviewed

Materials and methods, crystallographic studies, materials characterization (Le Bail, FTIR, TGA, and SEM), release kinetics analysis, and antibacterial activity, Inorganic agrochemicals have been used by the food industry for thousands of years to maximize production and quality, with copper(II) sulfate being one of the main used pesticides. Given the increasing global population (expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050) and the challenges facing agricultural production, there is a pressing need to address the impact of intensified agrochemical use (e.g., soil and water contamination, human health risk, pesticide resistance, etc.). Coordination polymers (CPs) as agrochemicals offer several significant advantages compared to traditional agrochemicals, such as the controlled release of the active ingredients in the target zone and reduced toxic doses released to environment. In this work, the plant growth regulator 3-indolepropanoic acid (IPA), which stimulates root initiation and elongation, is used as a chelating agent of Cu2+ and Zn2+ metal ions, both known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties, to obtain two crystalline CPs, named Cu-IPA [Cu(H10C11NO2)2]n and Zn-IPA [Zn(H10C11NO2)2(H2O)]n. Their role as potential antibacterial agents was evaluated. First, the stability of these materials was studied, showing a fast release of both cations (100% after 8 and 3 h for Cu-IPA and Zn-IPA, respectively) in aqueous solution. The antibacterial test against Escherichia coli, a bacterium involved in many farm animal infections, evidenced a notable growth inhibition, with values of inhibition of the colony forming unit (CFU) for Cu-IPA of 10.2 and 26.2% and for Zn-IPA of 2.1 and 5.3% at 500 and 1500 ppm, respectively. This study highlights the potential of CPs for enhancing efficiency and sustainability of inorganic agrochemicals in agriculture., Peer reviewed

[EN] This database is composed of 3 datasets that are connected through the common Final_ID. The first one “Final list for coding” contains the list of reviewed documents. The second one “Context and methods” contains the context and methods of each document. The third one “Factors” contains the extracted factors that influence generational renewal, population settlement in rural areas, and sustainability farming practices adoption., [ES] Esta base de datos se compone de tres conjuntos de datos conectados mediante el identificador común Final_ID. El primero, « Final list for coding », contiene la lista de documentos revisados. El segundo, « Context and methods », contiene el contexto y los métodos de cada documento. El tercero, « Factors », contiene los factores extraídos que influyen en el relevo generacional, el asentamiento de población en zonas rurales y la adopción de prácticas agrarias sostenibles., collection was funded by La Caixa Foundation through the Social Observatory’s 2023 Social Research Call’s FARM project, under aid agreement no. LCF/PR/SR23/57000002. FARM project, SR23-00035, No

This paper shows that the wage assimilation of immigrants is the result of the intricate interplay between individual skill accumulation and dynamic labor market equilibrium effects. When immigrants and natives are imperfect substitutes, rising immigrant inflows widen the wage gap between them. Using a production function framework in which workers supply both general and host-country-specific skills, we show that this labor market competition channel explains about one fifth of the large increase in the average immigrant-native wage gap across arrival cohorts in the United States since the 1960s. This figure increases to one third after also accounting for relative demand shifts due to technological change. The results further reveal substantial heterogeneity across different~groups~of~immigrants., European Research Council (CoG-101125422, StG-804989, StG-716388); Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-1765); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2023-147602OB-I00/MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2020-114231RB-I00/MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PGC2018-094364-B-I00, ECO2017-83668-R, RYC-2015-18806); Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019-000915-S, CEX2024-001476-S), Peer reviewed

Peer reviewed

This dataset provides a structured synthesis of the scientific literature on marine climate refugia. Each record corresponds to a single peer-reviewed publication and includes the following variables: 1) Authors, title and year, 2) approach used to identify marine climate refugia, 3) temporal and spatial scales of analysis, 4) Country and marine biogeographic provinces, 5) climatic stressors evaluated, 6) time period considered, 7) type of data used, 8) depth range, and 9) focal taxa., This dataset compiles peer-reviewed publications published between January 2021 and February 2026 that explicitly identify, quantify, or empirically demonstrate marine climate refugia. It underpins the analyses presented in Sanz-Martín et al. (2026)., Peer reviewed

We have performed Density Functional Theory (DFT) and kinetic calculations to investigate the reconstruction of zigzag graphene edges. Specifically, we focused on the coalescence of reconstructed edge domains (comprising 57 pairs), which leads to the formation of residual topological defects. These defects serve as domain boundaries and we investigate their diffusion behavior to determine the conditions under which complete, defect-free edge reconstruction can be achieved. Using the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) method [1,2] as implemented in the VASP code [3], we computed the energy barriers for the three final steps of domain coalescence and the diffusion of residual defects. Structure preoptimization was performed using MOPAC2016 [4]. A kinetic model [5], parameterized with the DFT results, was used to describe the time evolution of reconstructed edge domains and residual defects until their annihilation. The provided dataset contains the input and output files for the DFT calculations ("Edge*.tar.gz" and "TS_calc.tar.gz" for transition state energies), alongside output files from the kinetic model simulations conducted at various temperatures ("kinetic_model.tar.gz"). The input parameters for the kinetic model [5] are summarized in the file input_parameters within "kinetic_model.tar.gz". File "PM3_precalculated_structures.zip" contains PM3 preoptimized coordinates of hand-made structures. ZMT files with internal coordinates can be viewed by Hyperchem, GJF files with XYZ coordinates can be viewed by GaussView., Y.G.P. and A.M.P. acknowledge the support by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-42-10010, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-42-10010/. A.M.P. acknowledges the support by project FFUU-2024-0003 of the Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia for the results described in Section 3. S.A.V. and N.A.P. acknowledge support by the Belarusian National Research Program ``Convergence-2030''. IL acknowledges support from the EuroHPC JU under the MAX (Materials design at the Exascale) project (grant no. 101093374), and from the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR through grant no. PCI2022-134972-2. ICN2 is supported by the CERCA programme (Generalitat de Catalunya) and the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme (grant no. CEX2021-001214-S), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excelence" accreditation (CEX2021-001214-S), Peer reviewed

File SupplementaryData1 contains raw data consisting of numbers counted of protein coated latex beads interacting with human endothelial and epithelial cells. Corresponding to: Figure 4: rIdeC-coated beads interact with endothelial and epithelial cells in an RGD dependent manner., File SupplementaryData2 contains raw data consisting of numbers counted of protein coated latex beads interacting with MEF cells. Corresponding to Figure 5: Expression of integrin 𝜶V𝛽3 facilitates increased interaction of rIdeC-coated beads with MEF cells., File SupplementaryData3 contains raw data consisting of bacterial cell counts of WT and mutant bacteria interacting with human epithelial cells. Corresponding to Figure 6: Function of IdeC in bacterial adhesion and invasion to A549 cells., Peer reviewed

Alicia Gutiérrez, Susana Cofrades, Arancha Saiz and María Dolores Álvarez Bigels (BGs) were formulated using gelatin (GA) or gellan gum (GG) hydrogels (HGs) and beeswax‑structured oleogels (OGs), incorporating inositol‑rich (I‑CFE) and polyphe-nol‑rich (P‑CFE) carob fruit extracts into the HG and OG phases. The effects of composi-tion on their rheological, textural, thermal, color and physical stability properties were evaluated at HG/OG ratios of 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50. GG‑based BGs formed rigid, coher-ent and crystal‑reinforced networks, showing the highest oscillatory stiffness and complex viscosity. GA‑based BGs developed softer, more deformable and viscous structures, with mechanical behavior strongly governed by damping and water content. Increasing OG reinforced GG BGs through beeswax crystal integration, whereas in GA it increased oscil-latory stiffness but weakened the cohesive, viscous and recoverable character of the pro-tein network. CATPCA revealed two mechanical domains: a GA‑associated regime dom-inated by viscosity, penetration resistance and loss factor (tan δ), and a GG‑associated re-gime governed by elastic stiffness. Correlations confirmed tan δmax as a marker of structur-al fragility in GA, while stiffness parameters dominated GG behavior. Melting points re-mained within 53–54 °C, and all BGs showed excellent physical stability. Overall, GA and GG provide complementary design spaces, offering a mechanistic basis for the rational design of BGs with controlled structural and functional properties., Peer reviewed